初中英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解

1、初中英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解初中英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解1. 什么是動(dòng)詞不定式？什么是動(dòng)詞不定式？主要行為動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞采用了主要行為動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞采用了“to+動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，我們把這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為動(dòng)詞不定的結(jié)構(gòu)，我們把這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為動(dòng)詞不定式（有時(shí)可以不帶式（有時(shí)可以不帶to）。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人）。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)。下面稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)。下面我們一起來看一下動(dòng)詞不定式有哪些語(yǔ)法功我們一起來看一下動(dòng)詞不定式有哪些語(yǔ)法功能。能。2. 動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)法功能：動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)法功能：(1) 不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作

2、形式主語(yǔ)，而將作主語(yǔ)的不作形式主語(yǔ)，而將作主語(yǔ)的不定式放在句子后部。定式放在句子后部。eg. It is good to help others.幫助他人是好的。幫助他人是好的。 It is exciting to surf the Internet.上網(wǎng)是令人興奮的。上網(wǎng)是令人興奮的。 (2) 不定式作賓語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ) 學(xué)習(xí)不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要注意掌握后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的要注意掌握后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。常見動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞。常見動(dòng)詞有: want, hope, wish, like, begin, try, need, forget, agree, help 等。等。Many pe

3、ople decide not to think about it. 許多人決定不去考慮這件事。許多人決定不去考慮這件事。 I want to go to the library.我想去圖書館。我想去圖書館。 (3) 不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式修飾名詞或代詞，起形容詞的作用，在句中作不定式修飾名詞或代詞，起形容詞的作用，在句中作定語(yǔ)，放在被修飾對(duì)象的后面。請(qǐng)看下列句子：定語(yǔ)，放在被修飾對(duì)象的后面。請(qǐng)看下列句子：I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作業(yè)要做。我有很多作業(yè)要做。 Im hungry. Give me something to eat, ple

4、ase. 我餓了。請(qǐng)給我點(diǎn)吃的吧。我餓了。請(qǐng)給我點(diǎn)吃的吧。(4) 不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ) 不定式常常作目的狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等。不不定式常常作目的狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等。不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子的定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。主語(yǔ)保持一致。I came to Beijing to see my grandpa. 我來北京看望我的爺爺。我來北京看望我的爺爺。Im glad to meet you！很高興見到你！很高興見到你！Im too tired to walk. 我太累了，走不動(dòng)了。我太累了，走不動(dòng)了。 動(dòng)詞不定式的功能動(dòng)詞不定

5、式的功能5. 動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充說明。常見的動(dòng)詞有：說明。常見的動(dòng)詞有：want, tell, would like, choose, allow, ask, invite, help等。等。注意：（注意：（1）以上動(dòng)詞后接不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足）以上動(dòng)詞后接不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，若要表達(dá)否定意思，要在語(yǔ)時(shí)，若要表達(dá)否定意思，要在to do前面加前面加not，構(gòu)成，構(gòu)成not to do的形式。的形式。e.g. Mr. Han told us not to make too much noise

6、.（2）有些動(dòng)詞后接不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，）有些動(dòng)詞后接不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以接不帶可以接不帶to的不定式，常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：的不定式，常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：help, make, let, have, hear, feel, see等。等。e.g. His words made everyone laugh.一感一感 :feel（感覺）二聽（感覺）二聽:listen to （聽）、（聽）、hear（聽見）三讓（聽見）三讓 :let、make、have四四看看:watch、see、look、notice、observe半幫半幫助助:help.因?yàn)榧瓤梢哉f因?yàn)榧瓤梢哉fhelp sb do sth

7、 亦可以亦可以說說help sb to do sth allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事 choose sb to do sth.選擇某人做某事 want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事 feel/ listen to / hearsb. do sth.(6) 不定式作表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)不定式還可以作表語(yǔ)。例如：不定式還可以作表語(yǔ)。例如：O

8、ur duty today is to clean the floor.今天我們的任務(wù)是打掃地板。今天我們的任務(wù)是打掃地板。1. Because it allows people _closer to them.2. Its sad _of the pandas and other animals in danger.3. We need _them better.4. Many wild animals dont have a safe place _.5. We want _animals in danger.6. That means we can give money _ protec

9、t the animals.7. Lets find out what else we can do _ as many as animals as possible.1. Scientists do a lot of research _ _.2. The government is setting up nature parks _.3. The WWF chose the panda _.4. The WWF is working hard _. In order to protect pandas in the wild , the government is setting up n

10、ature parks and developing other plans. to“in order to do” /“to do” refers to the purpose(目的目的) : 為了為了 The government is setting up nature parks and developing other plans protect pandas in the wild . in order to 動(dòng)詞分為兩類動(dòng)詞分為兩類 一：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（一般跟在主語(yǔ)后作謂語(yǔ)）一：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（一般跟在主語(yǔ)后作謂語(yǔ)） 二：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（一般跟在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后）二：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（一般跟在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后）

11、如果是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和人稱；如果是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要考慮用do/to do/doing.to do：want /hope/learn/try/decide/forget/remember/like/love /stop/go/come/plan等等in order to do / to do 表目的表目的do：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、makelethelphad better動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):結(jié)構(gòu)、標(biāo)志詞、用法結(jié)構(gòu)、標(biāo)志詞、用法一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（主語(yǔ)后）（主語(yǔ)后）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞doing：practise/enj

12、oy/finish/suggest/keep/like /介詞結(jié)尾的短語(yǔ)（介詞結(jié)尾的短語(yǔ)（think of/be good at/do well inpay attention tolook forward to）have trouble doingspend (in) doing一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)1. Would you please tell me next? A. how do B. what to doC. what do I do D. how I should do 2. The girl wasnt to lift that bookcase.A. too strong B.

13、enough strongC. strong enough D. so strong 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。一、單項(xiàng)選擇。Practice3. For a time his grandmother found _ accept his new idea. A. hard B. it hard C. it hard to D. hard to 4. As she has never been there before, Ill have someone _ her the way. A. show B. to show C. showing D. showed 5. You _ drive slowly

14、. The roads are wet.A. had rather B. would ratherC. had better D. would better 7. In the old days it was difficult for the poor _ a job.A. find B. to find C. look D. to look for 8. When learning a foreign language, try your best _ the spirit of it.A. master B. hold C. take hold of D. to master 9. It

15、 was foolish _ his car unlocked.A. for him to leave B. of him to leaveC. for him leave D. him to leave 10. Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it.A. putting back B. put backC. to put back D. will put back 13. You were lost on your way to the lake, werent you? Yes, we were and had to stop

16、 _ the way.A. asking B. to ask C. asked D. to be asked 二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Do you know when _ (have) a picnic?2. She is very busy today. She has a lot of work _ (do).3. Our teacher asked us _(be) careful when we crossed the road.4. Its easy for us _ (answer) the question.to haveto doto beto answer三、漢譯英。三、漢譯英。 1. 我們需要更好地保護(hù)它們。我們需要更好地保