高一英語五種基本句型及鞏固練習(xí)課件

1、1英語基本句型及英語基本句型及鞏固練習(xí)課件鞏固練習(xí)課件2五種基本句型與五種基本句型與There be.（）（）主謂主謂 They are working hard.（）（）主謂賓主謂賓 I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.（）（）主謂賓賓主謂賓賓 He gave me a new bicycle .（）（）主系表主系表 He is a university student.（）（）主謂賓賓補主謂賓賓補 Karl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. （ 6 6）There beTher

2、e be + 主語主語 There is a hole in the wall.3英語基本句型英語基本句型-1主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)4英語基本句型英語基本句型-1主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語加不及物的謂語動詞構(gòu)成主語加不及物的謂語動詞構(gòu)成, 常常用來表示主語的動作。用來表示主語的動作。如：如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主語主語可有修飾語可有修飾語-定語定語，謂語謂語可有修飾語可有修飾語-狀語狀語。如如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or

3、boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.5(主語主語+不及物動詞不及物動詞)擴展和修飾擴展和修飾 The boy spoke to his teacher. The little boy spoke loudly to his

4、teacher. The boy named Tom spoke to his math teacher in a low voice. The little boy called Tom spoke to his Chinese teacher.6yesterday evening. two hours.in the past ten years. in 1919. 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。3在過去的十年里，（在）我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大在過去的十年里，（在）我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。的變化。41919年，（在）北京爆發(fā)了年，（在）北京爆

5、發(fā)了“五五.四四”運動。運動。She went home very lateThe meeting will last Great changes have taken place in my home townThe May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：7in the morning. to borrow books.to the south. five years ago.five kilos. every day. 5每天八時開始上課。每天八時開始上課。6這個盒子重五公斤。這個盒子重五公斤。7五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北

6、京。8秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。9我的爺爺早晨起得很早。我的爺爺早晨起得很早。10. 每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書館來借書。每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書館來借書。Classes begin at eightThis box weighsI lived in Beijingsome birds flyIn autumn,My grandfather gets up earlya lot of students comeEvery afternoon to the library811.會議有可能開兩個半小時會議有可能開兩個半小時.12. 我所就讀的學(xué)校坐落在那個美麗的湖我所就讀的學(xué)校坐

7、落在那個美麗的湖邊邊.13.她盼望已久的機會終于到來了她盼望已久的機會終于到來了.14. 正在睡覺的嬰兒笑了正在睡覺的嬰兒笑了.The meeting will last two and a half hours.The schoollieswhere I studyby the beautiful lake.The chancecamewhich she wanted to get for a long timeat last.The baby smiles.sleeping9英語基本句型英語基本句型-2主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)10英語基本句型英語基本句型-2主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由本結(jié)

8、構(gòu)是由主語主語+及物的謂語動詞及物的謂語動詞+賓語構(gòu)成賓語構(gòu)成。 賓語成分的多樣化賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。如如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 6. Mother promises to

9、give me a present.11(主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+賓語賓語)擴展和修飾擴展和修飾 I forgot to mail the letter yesterday. Unfortunately, I forgot to mail the letter yesterday. Unfortunately, I forgot to mail the letter yesterday, which disappointed my mum so much.121昨晚我寫了一封信。昨晚我寫了一封信。2今天下午我想同你談?wù)?。今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?這本書他讀過多次了這本書他讀過多次了4他們成功

10、地完成了計劃。他們成功地完成了計劃。5那位先生能流利地說三種語言。那位先生能流利地說三種語言。 I wrote a letter last night.I want to talk with you this afternoon.He has read this book many times.They have carried out the plan successfully.That gentleman can speak three languagesfluently.鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：136我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。 7Jim 還不會自己穿衣服

11、。還不會自己穿衣服。 8我們大家都相信我們大家都相信Jack 是一個誠實男孩。是一個誠實男孩。 9. 他不知道說什麼好。他不知道說什麼好。 10. 我開窗戶你在意嗎？我開窗戶你在意嗎？ I received a letter from my penfriendin Australia.Jim cannot dress himself.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. He did not know what to say.Do you mind my opening the window? 14英語基本句型英語基本句型3 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)雙賓

12、語結(jié)構(gòu)15英語基本句型英語基本句型3 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu) 說明：此結(jié)構(gòu)由說明：此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語主語+及物謂語動詞及物謂語動詞+間接賓語（人）間接賓語（人） +直接賓語（事物）直接賓語（事物）”組成。如：組成。如： He brings me cookies every day.但若要但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語后說間接賓語（人），（人），則要借助于介詞則要借助于介詞to或或for。如：。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用用to側(cè)重指動作的方向，表示

13、側(cè)重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著朝著，向著，對著某人。某人。用用for 側(cè)重指動作的受益者，側(cè)重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動詞有：（常跟雙賓語的動詞有：（需借助需借助to的的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的）的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spar

14、e等。等。16(主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語)擴展和修飾擴展和修飾 Grandma told me a story. As expected, Grandma told me a story . Grandma told me a story for the purpose of cheering me up. Grandma told me one story after another in the hope of cheering me up.171Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。先生去年教我們德語。 2奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚給我

15、們講了一個有趣的故事。 3請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 4他把車票給列車員看。他把車票給列車員看。 Mr Johnson taught us German last year.Grandma told me an interesting storylast night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.185我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？6新式機器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。新式機器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。7他用他的第一個月工資給他媽媽買他用他

16、的第一個月工資給他媽媽買了一件毛衣了一件毛衣Shall I call you a taxi?The new machine will save you a lot of labour. He bought a new coat for his motherwith his first months salary.19 英語基本句型英語基本句型-4 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)20英語基本句型英語基本句型-4主系表結(jié)構(gòu)主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語主語+系動詞系動詞+表語表語組成，主要用以組成，主要用以說明主語的說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動詞等。系動詞有有:1.表

17、示特征和存在狀態(tài)的表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示狀態(tài)變化的表示狀態(tài)變化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; 21Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities.The pot

18、atoes went bad in the fields.Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.22(主語主語+連系動詞連系動詞+表語表語)擴展和修飾擴展和修飾 The soup tastes good. To our surprise, The soup tastes good. The soup tastes good,which is beyond our expectation. Frankly speaking, The soup tastes good. To be honest, The

19、soup tastes so good as to surprise everyone.23鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1冬季白天短，夜晚長冬季白天短，夜晚長2十五歲他十五歲他就成為就成為有名的鋼琴家了。有名的鋼琴家了。 3孩子們很少孩子們很少保持保持安靜。安靜。 4她的工作她的工作是是在幼兒園里照看兒童。在幼兒園里照看兒童。In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet. Her job

20、is to look after the children in the nursery.245他失業(yè)了。他失業(yè)了。 6樹葉樹葉已經(jīng)變已經(jīng)變黃了黃了7這個報告這個報告聽起來聽起來很有意思很有意思He is out of work. The leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting.251. As in China, the weather is different from area to area.主系表句型主系表句型的幾個特例：的幾個特例：2. We are greatly surprised to meet him t

21、here.3. It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.4. It is kind of you to say so.5. It is not easy for them to go there by bike.6. Is it Tom who is playing the piano?7. It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.26英語基本句型英語基本句型5 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)27英語基本句型英語基本句型5 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu) 說明說明: 此結(jié)構(gòu)由此結(jié)構(gòu)由

22、“主語主語+及物的謂語動詞及物的謂語動詞+賓語賓語+賓賓語補足語語補足語”構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補足語之間有構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補足語之間有邏輯上的主謂邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系，若無賓語補足語，則句意不夠完整。關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系，若無賓語補足語，則句意不夠完整?？煽梢杂米鲑e補的有：以用做賓補的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞不定式，分詞等。如：等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He used t

23、o do his homework with his radio on. 用用 it 做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：即：主語主語+謂語謂語+it+賓補賓補+真正賓語真正賓語。如：。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.28鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1我們叫她我們叫她Alice. 2我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實的。我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實的。 3他們把小偷釋放了。他們把小偷釋放了。 4我要你把

24、真相告訴我。我要你把真相告訴我。 5 .衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。 6. 每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。 7他每個月理一次發(fā)他每個月理一次發(fā)8我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。 We call her Alice. All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free. I want you to tell me the truth. The guards ordered us to leave at once. Every morning we hea

25、r him read English aloud. He has his hair cut once a month. We wont let her go out at night. 299那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了 10她正在聽人家講故事。她正在聽人家講故事。11我從來沒看見這個字這樣用過。我從來沒看見這個字這樣用過。 12他感到很難跟你交談。他感到很難跟你交談。 13我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。 14學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時學(xué)生要起立。學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時學(xué)生要起立。 The terrible sound made t

26、he children frightened. She is listening to someone telling stories. I have never seen the word used that way before. He felt it very difficult to talk with you. I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begi

27、ns. 30英語基本句型英語基本句型6 There be 句型句型31英語基本句型英語基本句型6 There be 句型句型 說明：說明： 此句型是由此句型是由“there+be+主語主語+其他其他”構(gòu)成，用以表達存在關(guān)系可以稱構(gòu)成，用以表達存在關(guān)系可以稱“有有”。 它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后，之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實際語意。僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實際語意。 此句型有時不用此句型有時不用be動詞，而用動詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：等。如

28、： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.32 be 與與其后的主語其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上在人稱和數(shù)量上一致一致，有，有時時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如：。如： 現(xiàn)在有現(xiàn)在有 There is/are 過去有過去有 There was/were 將來有將來有 There will be； There is /are going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 There has/have been 可能有可能有 There might be. 肯定有肯定有 There must be There must have been. 過去曾經(jīng)有過去曾經(jīng)有 There used to be 似乎有似乎有 There seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有碰巧有 There happen/happens/happened to be 33There beThere be + 主語主語 (例句) There was a big fire in the early April of 1978. Th