SAT填空詞匯數(shù)學講義

1、SAT詞匯、填空、數(shù)學講義ð1. 掌握單詞構(gòu)成，基本前綴，基本后綴；2. 學會基本重構(gòu)的方法；3. 對高考要求單詞進行重構(gòu);4. SAT網(wǎng)狀詞匯學習一 單詞分類高興生氣輕視初級單詞中級單詞高級單詞詞匯是SAT高分的必要非充分條件！SAT對詞匯要求： 主考單詞： 伴考單詞：二 如何背單詞1. 單詞是有智慧的，背單詞也是需要智慧的?。?）一般形式：（特點，很多時候單詞本義丟掉） 很多單詞的本義都丟失掉了，而且SAT詞匯的情景義大多是考察的單詞的比喻義或者引申義。比如舉一個比較典型的例子：Fastidious很多詞匯書給出的意思是“挑剔的，難以取悅的，要求高的”，其實單詞的本義是表示“挑食

2、的”（fast來自于breakfast這個單詞的詞根，表示“絕食”的意思，ous這個后綴表示“過多的.”，“過多的絕食”，所以單詞的意思為“挑食的”，后來使用范圍擴大，引申為“挑剔的”，其實“難以取悅的，要求高的”，只是換了一個說法而已。）附錄1：前綴表前綴時間義空間義特殊義舉例a+XX一再向前Abbreviate accountable addict affable annihilate assay appropriateAb不再遠離不再Abnormal abrogate abstain abort abolish abdicate abstemious abstracteda+V./N.由

3、動作或名稱變?yōu)闋顟B(tài)Astray awry abate amass aghast align a+adj表示否定Atypical apolitical anomalous amoral Anti/ante不再在.前對抗Antipathy antithesis anterior antecedent antitoxin antiseptic antiwar Be+V.加強Befuddle-fuddle bemoan-mourn beguile-guile beget-get befall-fall befriend-friend begrudge-grudge become-come becaus

4、e-cause co/com/con/cof加強共同做Cooperate collaborate corroborate coexist confirm confound counter/contra在.對面對等Counterpart counterpoint counterclockwise counterfeit contradict controversial cata/cate向下Categorical catalog catalyze catastrophic de/di加強向下使變壞Degrade defame denounce decry detest derail declin

5、e descend deface dehumanize defer Dis不再分開加強Dismiss disintegrate dissipate Dispatch disseminate disillusion Dia相對Dialect diaphanous dialogue En/em一再進入Enlighten roughen widen emphasizeE/ec/ex/ef出來Erectile eclectic exclaim effortlessEpi在外面Epidermis epidemic epitomizeIn/im/ir/ilInter/intro不再進入Infamous i

6、mmoral irrevocable illogical interfere introvert Introspective Mis/mal不再Misunderstand misfit malcontent malfeasance malfunction malnutrition malicious malpractice malignant Non/nay不再Nonspeaking naysayer Ob/oc/op/of一再向前不再Obsequious obstruct oblivion obliterate opponent opposite officious occlude opaq

7、ue Pre向前（已發(fā)生）向前PrescribeproscribePremisepromisePrecedingproceedingPro向前（未發(fā)生）向前Per一再共同使變壞Perspective perfection Pervert perfunctory perfidy persecuteProspectiveperspectiveProsecutepersecutePeri在外面Perimeter peripheralRe/retro一再向后不再Regressive recessiveRenounce refuse refute resent refuge Se一分為二Separate

8、 seclude seduce Sub/suc/suf一再在下面Subordinate subsequent subconscious sufficient successive succinctSup/super一再在上面過多Support suppose superficial superfluous superior supersede Sy/sys/syn一再共同Synopsis system synchronizationTrans/tra穿過Transparent translucent transport Traduction traverse Para越過相等在.旁邊Paral

9、lel paramount parameter parasite paraphrase Un不再With一再加強Withstand withdraw wither Hyper過高HypercriticalhypocriteHypertensionhypotension hypothesisHypo過低precede: perspective: imminent:proceed: prospective: eminent: preeminent:assign accept announce acclaim assent approach approbateresign receipt renou

10、nce reclaim resent reproach reprobate附錄2：后綴及后綴的附加義動詞后綴：ate ify ize en ish 形容詞后綴：ate y ile able ible tive sive ulent ous ant ent 名詞后綴：抽象名詞：ment sure ture sion tion ism sis ia titude實義名詞：er ee or ant ent ist rium ary ory 后綴附加義舉例Ile容易的Facile, futile, versatile, agile, servile, tactile, ductile, docileO

11、us過多的（貶義多）Officious, credulous, voracious, clamorous, loquacious, presumptuous Tive/sive過多的Assertive incisive demonstrative acquisitive inquisitive Ant/ent高的Efficient petulant Able/ible可.的注意：以下單詞不表示“可.的”：agreeable considerable perishable tractable admirable predictableful充滿的Less少的Or/idCandid-candor，

12、splendid-splendor，stupor-stupid，fervid-fervor，rigid-rigor-rigorous，timid-timorousIfy/ize.化Calcify clarify liquefy petrify 由于后綴不同所引起的單詞imperial皇家的Imperious傲慢的credulous輕信的credible值得相信的desirable值得得到的Desirous渴望的momentary瞬間的Momentous重要的deciduous落葉的decisive決定性的judicial法官的Judicious有判斷力的facial臉上的Facetious詼諧

13、的official官方的Officious愛管閑事的improvident貧窮的improvisational即興的prodigal浪費的Prodigious天才的indigenous本土的indigent貧窮的Considerable相當大的Considerate考慮周到的expedient權(quán)宜之計的Expeditious快速的audible可以聽到的Auditory聽覺的sensitive敏感的sensible可以感知的respective分別的Respectable值得尊敬的respectful尊敬的Respected尊敬的competent能勝任的Competitive競爭的Colle

14、cted鎮(zhèn)定的Collective集體的Comprehensive廣泛的comprehensible可以理解的grateful感激的Gratuitous無緣無故的confident有自信心的Confidential秘密的economic經(jīng)濟學的Economical節(jié)約的virtual虛擬的virtuous道德的innocent無辜的innocuous無毒的negligent忽視的Negligible可忽視的notable明顯的，值得尊敬Notorious臭名昭著的Inscrutable不可以巡查的Scrupulous謹慎的righteous正直的right正確的sociable愛好社交的soc

15、ial社會的tangible可接觸到的tangent相切的informed無所不知的Informative信息的libelous誹謗的，中傷的liberal慷慨的Sinister邪惡的Sinuous彎曲的viscid粘性的viscous邪惡的timid膽小的Timorous膽小的rigid剛性的Rigorous嚴格的insidious陰險的inside在里面的literal照字面的literary文學的Visceral重要的，內(nèi)臟的Viscous邪惡的tenacious固執(zhí)的Tenuous稀薄的Obsolete過時的Obsolescent過時的Sedentary久坐的Sedulous勤奮的Se

16、dative鎮(zhèn)定的ostensible表面的，假裝的Ostentatious浮夸的studied做作的studious好學的，勤奮的historical歷史的histrionic像演戲一樣的附錄3：詞根變化及詞根表第一類：詞根變化形變體（針對詞根中的輔音）（1） ct與g/x互換：sanct/sang神圣，tract/trag拉，pract/prag實踐，dict/dicat/dig說，lect/leg/lex說，pict/pig畫，act/ag行動，sect/seg切，tact/tag/tect/teg/tict/tig/tanct/tang/tinct/ting/tac/tach/touc

17、h接觸、觸摸，doct/dog/dox理論，luct/lug悲傷；（2） 字母重排：star-astr星星，vac/cav空洞，arch/arc/cra統(tǒng)治，ugly/ugl/ulg怪物；（3） u/v/w互換：vad/wad走，volu/volv旋轉(zhuǎn)，vi/wi邪惡，van/wan空；（4） t/d/s互換：這種互換很常見，對于衍生詞變化時，基本上都會涉及到，mit/mis運送，vert/vers轉(zhuǎn)，vid/vis/vit看；（5） m/n互換：phan/phen/phem出現(xiàn)，don/dom統(tǒng)治；第二類：詞根變化音變體（針對詞根中的元音）舉例：treach/trick/tric/chic

18、陰謀：chicanery treacherous intricate extricate inextricable；money/min/muni 錢財：mint munificent；know/no/nor/not知道：ignore ignorant prognosticate diagnosis notable notify connotation denote；noun/nun/ non發(fā)聲：denounce announce renounce enunciate pronouncePoint/punct/pung 點、刺：expunge compunction pungent acupu

19、ncture 動詞性詞根轉(zhuǎn)Vert/vers volu/volv/vol plict/plex/plicat拿Cept/ceive/ceit tain/ten/tin hibit prehend走Cede/ceed/cess gress/greg vad/wad amb vent/vene cur拉Pul tract/trag ten/tens/tent str看Vi/vid/vis/voy spect/spec/spic聽aud rog 說Dict/dicat/dig lect/leg/lex log/loq/loc fab/fa claim/clam fess摸Touch/tach/tec

20、t/teg/tag/tact/tanct/tang/tinct/ting/tin/tig/tict吃Vor/vour eat/ate喝Soup/sip/sap/seep等Para equ刺Point/punct/pung落Cip/cap hap cid/cad/cas/cay scend行Nav/nau act/ag生Nat/na/nais做Fact/fect/fag/feit/fit/fac/feat fort erg/erc運Mit/mis port it fer跑Fug彎Ply tort流fus/fut flow/flu riv嚇Ton/toun/tun造Struct站Stand sis

21、t切Cis/cid tom ana sect/seg引duct/duc gest cit碰Scuss坐Sit/set/sed/sid/sess令Mand寫Scribe sign掛Pend/pens插Sert/sers直Rect right擾Turb統(tǒng)Dorm/dom/don摩Ras/rad放Pos lay/lai pon loc藏Cond harbor ceal/seal流Riv flow/flu fus/fut 關(guān)Close/clud/clos折Rupt flect/flex fract/frag刺Point/punct/pung成Form mat/met量Meas/met/mes挖Dig/

22、dict mine管Mon接Nect/nex知Know/no/nor/not感Path/pass sent/sens投Ject推Pel記Mines mem min聯(lián)系Soc分類Sort變化Var征服Vict vinc害怕Hor詛咒Cus/curs選擇Lect/leg/lig opt裝飾Orn折磨tort flict暗示Lus/lud分開Lyz ana 煩擾noy/nois對抗Gon關(guān)心Cern/car/cur傾斜Cline相信Cred fid打包Pack patch爭論Put復發(fā)Lapse錯過For玩弄lus/lud浸入mers/merg結(jié)束Fin趨勢Tend跟隨sequ/secu產(chǎn)生Gen侵

23、入trud/trus名詞性詞根水Wat/was hydr lu/lut aqua lav木Lumb timb cumb log car/char聲Soun/sun/son phone火Flam土Hum terr價Price/prec val光Lu/lut light鏡Mir農(nóng)Agr/egr快樂Mus/maz藝術(shù)Art神Hol sanct/sang dign/din/dain sacr/secr the房House/hus/hos/host中間Med/mid/mod邊Lat身Phys corp心Cord card heart頭Head capt臉Face手Man/main腳Ped/pod鼻Ol眼

24、Op 錢Muni pen半Semi一Mono uni二Du di bi ambi三Tri四Quart百Cent圓circ cyc角Ang花Flower flor flour狗Cyn錯誤Err人民Pop dem速度Cele velo能力Apt/ept形狀Morph時間Chron tempt/time規(guī)范Nom/norm石頭Cal中心Center/centr美麗Bea bell自我Ego生命anim enem順序Ord滿足Sat巡查Scru法律lit leg父親Part母親Matr兒子Fili靈魂Soul/Sol形容詞性詞根重Grav heav高alt/tal好au/eu/av大Max macro

25、 maj小Min micro 多Muni multi poly ple 惡truc/troc真Ver靜Quie俗Vulg空Van/wan vac/cav void empt新New nov相同Homo不同HeteroSession 2: Special wordsAboveboard Evenhanded:Heavy-handed:Even-tempered： Lighthearted： Carefree：Hardheaded：Headlong：Lightheaded： Headstrong： Underhanded:Outgoing：Easygoing：openhanded: closeha

26、nded:underhanded:self-critical： self-effacement：self-deprecatory：self-serving:self-righteous:self-suggestion:self-sufficiency:self-conscious：crestfallen:downcast:barefaced sharp-edged Timeworn Outdated Threadbare Two-edged Shopworn Painstaking Time-consuming Sidestep Underrepresented avant-garde: fl

27、ashback:backfire:multifaceted:variegated:vainglorious:blacksmith:goldsmith:flotsam:bittersweet:agreeable melancholy:agonizing bliss:overriding:overarching: earth-bounded house-boundedhistory-bounded free-rangedgroundbreaking grimacehodgepodge pell-mellhogwash ill-conceivedopen-handed warlikelike-min

28、ded lukewarmopen-ended open-mindedoutlandish outburstoutwardly overalloverhaul overthrowoverarching overbearingoverhear overlookoversight overweeningpainstaking pigheadedpennyworth trustworthypraiseworthy counterproductiveoffbeat onslaughtoutlaw overweighoverwrought self-evidentself-explanationary s

29、elf-interest shortsighted shortchangeshowcase skin-prickingwell-worn1Compose（組成） composition（組成，作文） composer（作曲家）Compose composed（鎮(zhèn)定的）composure（鎮(zhèn)定） Composed：serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress2affect（影響） affected（做作的）disaffected（不滿的）3person（個人）personal（個人的）i

30、mpersonal（不受個人感情影響的）4test（測試）testy（易怒的，暴躁的）testing（吃力的）5demanddemanding（要求多且苛刻的）6exhaust（耗盡）exhaustive（無遺漏的,徹底的,詳盡的）7fortitude 剛毅, fortuitous 偶然的,意外的8Category（分類） categorical（絕對的）9consequence（結(jié)果）consequential（重要的）10Compel（強迫）compelling（引人注目的）11remit（減弱，緩和）unremitting (不間斷的)12try（嘗試）trying（費勁的，令人厭煩的）

31、harsh13Consume consuming： very intense 強烈的14exact exacting 要求苛刻的16condescend/patronize condescending/patronizing （以恩惠態(tài)度對待的，參第一講）17halt（停止） halting （一瘸一拐的）15touch touching，moving（動人的）18haunt（常用的haunt around指經(jīng)常出沒于） haunting（縈繞于心的） 19stagger 蹣跚 staggering staggeringly 驚人的20domesticate（教化） domesticity（喜

32、歡家庭）21demean（貶低）demeanor （行為）22accompany（陪同） accomplice（同犯，共謀）23agree(同意的) agreeable極好的24Predict（預測） predictable （毫無創(chuàng)意的，特別是修飾音樂或者繪畫的時候）25assume（假設）assuming （傲慢的，不遜的），unassuming （謙遜的，不裝腔作勢）26noise（噪聲）noisome（有害的）27commit（犯罪，衷心）committed（衷心的）noncommittal 不表示意見的（refusing to bind oneself to a particular

33、 course of action or view or the like）29Study studious（好學的）30Industry industrious（勤奮的）31efface（抹掉）self-effacement （自謙）32gratify（使?jié)M意）gratuitous（無緣無故的，免費的）33refine（提煉）refined（有修養(yǎng)的）34effort（努力）effortless（容易的）35prohibit 限制 prohibitive 貴的買不起的36impose 強加 imposing 壯麗的，令人難忘的37美麗的，吸引人的：take-taking, engross-e

34、ngrossing, invite-inviting, compel-compelling, arrest-arresting, intrigue-intriguing38. intrude-intrusive 侵擾性的，挨打饒人的39. assumeassumingunassumingpretendpretentiouspresumepresumptuous40scrupulousunscrupulous41. abstractabstracted42. calculatecalculated43. captivatecaptivatingcaptive44. opinion-opinion

35、ated45. penetratepenetrating46. sweepsweepingWords with different meanings:contain: flag: appropriate:check: address: wry:negotiate: bark: charge: smart: bent: bear: visit: hatch: critical: fashion: worldly: capricious:balloon: prevail: base:champion: sugar: sweep: absolute: automatic: 208詞組安撫: plac

36、ate pacify mollify console solace lull 傲慢: imperious haughty hubris supercilious presumptuous assuming cavalier surly抱怨: disgruntle complaint plaintive 卑賤: servile submissive subservient base sordid 悲傷: doleful lugubrious /沮喪: bleak despondent depressed dejected crestfallen 悲痛: wrenching bemoan lame

37、ntable 笨拙: cumbersome maladroit awkward ponderous clumsy避免: shun avoid avert circumvent 貶低: demean debase defile defame decry deface 博學: erudite pundit informed knowledgeable測量: calibrate gauge fathom scrutinize嘲笑: deride scorn mock scoff snide sneer jeer 沉思: reflect ponder contemplate deliberate in

38、tentional陳腐: cliché banal commonplace platitude platitudinous trite斥責: reprove reprobate reprimand reproach castigate chide censure scold出乎意料: backfire ill-conceived 傳染: contagious flammable inflammable 慈善家: philanthropist benefactor脆弱: frail fragile delicate翠綠: verdant vibrant 單調(diào): monotonous i

39、nsipid ennui膽小: coward cowardice timorous trepid 敵意: enmity animosity inimical animus典范: epitome paradigm paragon apotheosis調(diào)解: reconcile mediate moderate intermediary 動亂: commotion upheaval disorder 獨裁: autocrat dictator monarch totalitarian短視: shortsighted myopic短暫: ephemeral transient transitory

40、temporary對抗: confront contradict antagonize多情: sentimental maudlin nostalgia mawkish 多樣: diverse varied versatile multifaceted nefarious eclectic惡臭: fragrant fetid gusting noisome 惡化: aggravate exacerbate deteriorate debilitate worsen乏味: tedious dull insipid inane torpid繁重: onerous burdensome 反叛: re

41、bellion rebellious insurrection insurgent芳香: flagrant redolent aromatic odoriferous scent放棄: abandon discard dessert abstinence 誹謗: exasperate slander aspiration revile vilify分歧: dissent dissident dissonant discordant 豐富: copious opulent corpulent abundant 諷刺: ironic wry sarcastic sardonic satirical

42、諷刺詩歌: parody lampoon satire奉承: flatter obsequious fawning blandish adulterate否認: gainsay naysay deny disclaim 腐敗: putrid stale contaminated 復仇: nemesis vindictive retaliate revenge avenge復雜: intricate complicated complex convoluted復制: duplicate replicate copy phony 概括: summary synopsis compendium 干涉

43、: meddle interfere intervene 高興: exultant elated exhilarating delighted格言: axiom aphorism proverb adage epigram sententious廣闊: worldly cosmopolitan global broad詭計: chicanery calculating duplicity過量: plethora surplus surfeit excessive overdose spate寒冷: frigid cryogenic freezing好斗: pugnacious bellicos

44、e belligerent antagonistic合法: legitimate legal licit judicial 合適: apposite appropriate apt meet和藹: affable amiable amicable amenable amity洪亮: plangent stentor supersonic后悔: remorseful regret rueful pensive后退: retreat retract regress recessive緩解: cathartic palliative refreshing 回憶: remember remind re

45、miniscence recollect nostalgia混合: motley amalgam medley multifaceted活潑: mercurial mischievous childish 激勵: electrify motivate galvanize energize invigorate激烈: vehement tremendous turbulent severe 吉兆: auspicious propitious 即興: improvise improvisational extemporize ad-lib impromptu尖刻: incisive trencha

46、nt strident sharp-edged堅持: perseverant tenacious steadfast, hold fast to, persistent unyielding imperturbable 堅決: resolute decisive determined 艱難: strenuous arduous 儉樸: austere frugal thrift artless 減弱: mitigate abate diminish lessen, let up簡潔: concise terse succinct laconic 鑒別: insightful clairvoya

47、nt perspicacious discriminating discernible狡猾: voluptuous sly crafty接壤: contiguous adjacent adjunct 節(jié)約: spare economical husband unadorned austere杰出: outstanding excellent eminent preeminent謹慎: cautious circumspect vigilant wary chary 禁欲: abstemious stoic ascetic temperate精妙: contrived elaborate sub

48、tle 巨大: enormous elephantine mammoth titanic gigantic拒絕: refuse renounce repudiate decline 倔強: obstinate obdurate intractable rambunctious refractory fractious stubborn康復: revive rehabilitate recuperate renaissance慷慨: magnanimous beneficent munificent generous largesse苛刻: demanding exacting taxing f

49、astidious finicky captious carp渴望: anticipate wistful, long for夸張: exaggerate hyper hyperbole brag bombastic braggart bombard狂熱: fanatic frenetic zealotry zealot mania狂喜: ecstatic delirium delirious困惑: confuse confound bewilder befuddle fuddle obfuscate困境: stalemate dilemma quandary impasse浪費: prodigal extravagant profligate lavish improvident dissipation冷淡: nonchalant aloof indifferent dispassionate冷靜: analgesic an