虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解與練習(xí)試題(含答案及解析和解釋)

1、WORD格式可編輯簡(jiǎn)介虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)，所說(shuō)的是 一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。英 語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣分為陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣、虛擬語(yǔ)氣三類。應(yīng)用條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣常在表示條件和結(jié)果的狀語(yǔ)從句中。在表示與事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)動(dòng)詞有三種時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過(guò)去時(shí)，將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。在條件句中的應(yīng)用:條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在什么情況下用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ？在表示虛假的、與事實(shí)相反的或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示主

2、觀愿望或表示某種強(qiáng)烈情感時(shí)，也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。即當(dāng)一個(gè)人說(shuō)話時(shí)欲強(qiáng)調(diào)其 所說(shuō)的話是基于自己的主觀想法，而不是根據(jù)客觀實(shí)際，就用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。三.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法1、真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句與非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句真 eg . If he doesn' t hurry up, he will miss the bus.如果他不快點(diǎn)，他將錯(cuò)過(guò)巴 士。（真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)）（不是虛擬語(yǔ)氣）If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.如果他是空閑的，他會(huì)要求我講故事。（真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)）（不是虛擬語(yǔ)氣）非真 eg. If I were you, I wou

3、ld go at once.如果我是你，我馬上就會(huì)去。（非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句）If there were no air, people would die. 如果沒(méi)有空氣，人就會(huì)死亡。（非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句） 2、用法及動(dòng)詞形式if+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí)+其他+主語(yǔ)1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況：+should/would/could/might+do+ 其他例： 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會(huì)帶把傘。（事實(shí)： 我不可能是你）2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道

4、他的電話號(hào)碼，我就會(huì)告訴你。（事實(shí)：不知道）3.If there were no air or water, there wouldbe no living things on the earth.如果沒(méi)有水和空氣，地球上就不會(huì)有生物。（事實(shí)：地球上既有空氣也有水） 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果我?guī)уX(qián)了， 我就會(huì)借給你些。（事實(shí)：沒(méi)帶錢(qián)）5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通過(guò)考試了。（事實(shí)：沒(méi)有努力2、表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況 if+主

5、語(yǔ)+had done +其他+主語(yǔ) +should/would/could/might+have done+ 其他例： 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒， 我就會(huì)見(jiàn)到她。（事實(shí)：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have madesuch a mistake.如果他聽(tīng)我的勸告的話，就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。（事實(shí)：沒(méi)有聽(tīng)我的話）3、表示對(duì) 將來(lái)情 況的主 觀推測(cè) if+主語(yǔ)+were to do+sth.+主 語(yǔ) +should/woul

6、d/could/might+do+ 其他 if+ 主語(yǔ) +did/be(were)+sth.+ 主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do+ 其他 if+ 主語(yǔ) +should+do+sth.+ 主 語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do+ 其他例： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪 天來(lái)這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)?。（事?shí)：來(lái)的可能性很小）2.If there were a heavy snownext Sunday, we would not go skat

7、ing.如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。（事實(shí)： 不知能否下雪）3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about thematter.如果她下周一來(lái)這兒的話，我就會(huì)告訴她這件事的始末。在表示建議、命令、要求等含義的賓語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，"should +動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，should可省略。4、有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，結(jié)果主句和條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)， 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。從句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。如：If I had worked h

8、ard at school, I would be anengineer, too.如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會(huì)成為一個(gè)工程師了If they hadinformed us, we would not come here now.如果他們通知過(guò)我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)來(lái)這里了。從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符。如： If hewere free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)派他 去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認(rèn)識(shí)

9、她的話，他肯定會(huì)去問(wèn)候她了。從句的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去發(fā)生的情況相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing muchbetter.如果天不下太多的雨的話，莊稼會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。If he had been working hard, hewould be working in the office now.要是他一直努力工作的話，他現(xiàn)在已進(jìn)了辦公室了。5、當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有 were, should, had時(shí)，if可以省略，這時(shí)條件從 句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即將were, s

10、hould, had等詞置于團(tuán)首，這種多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。如： Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在這兒的話， 她會(huì)同意我們的。Had helearnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果她懂些電月百知識(shí)的話，我們已經(jīng)聘用他來(lái)這里工作了。6、非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來(lái)，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、上下 文或其他方式表示出來(lái)，這種句

11、子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會(huì)暗含在短語(yǔ)中， 如 without ., but for .等 But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的 幫助，我們還會(huì)在工彳呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such greatprogress.要是沒(méi)有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。We didn ' t know histelephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號(hào)碼， 否 則我們

12、就會(huì)給他打電話。7、有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的一種 強(qiáng)烈的感情。省略從句 He would have finished it.他本該完成了。Youcould have passed this exam.你應(yīng)該能通過(guò)這次考試了。省略主句 If I were athome now.要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了該多好I虛擬語(yǔ)氣（Subjunctive Mood）的其他用法 1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在 wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句a、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式eg. I wish I had your brain

13、s.我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。（事實(shí)：我根本比不上你）b、表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：had+done（動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞）eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原來(lái)知道這件事的真相。（事實(shí)：原來(lái)不知道）c、表示將來(lái)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞： should/would + 動(dòng)詞原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我還能有一次這樣的機(jī)會(huì)。（事實(shí)：很難再有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)了）（注：if only和as if/as though也有相同用法）2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在目的狀語(yǔ)從句中1.在for fe

14、ar that, in case, lest引導(dǎo)的，若用虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)為：should +動(dòng)詞原形。并且 should 不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief shouldcome in.她又把門(mén)檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進(jìn)入。He started out earlier lest he shouldbe late.他很早就出發(fā)了以防遲到。2、在so that, in order that所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)為：can / may / could / might / will / would / should

15、 + 動(dòng)詞原形。Hegoes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說(shuō)話的人以便能聽(tīng)得更清 楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很 仔細(xì)以便不漏掉一個(gè)單詞。3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法1、一想要(desire)二寧愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建議(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.ins

16、ist)中，無(wú)論主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為何種時(shí)態(tài)， 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞敘用："should +或1詞原形"或只用"動(dòng)詞原形"。如He suggestedthat we (should) take the teacher' s advice He insisted that we (should) take the teacher' s adviceHe demand that we (should) take the teacher' s adviceHeordered that we (should) take the teacher'

17、; s advice 注：insist如果翻譯成堅(jiān)持某種動(dòng)作 才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣翻譯成堅(jiān)持臬種觀點(diǎn)就不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：He insist he is a student.他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他是個(gè)學(xué)生。這個(gè)語(yǔ)句表示的是事實(shí)，因此在這個(gè)語(yǔ)句中不能使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。suggest為"建議”才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，意為"暗示”則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：His face suggeststhat he looks worried .他的表情暗含著他很擔(dān)心。這個(gè)句子本身是事實(shí)，因此它就沒(méi)有用到虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表情緒.觀點(diǎn)的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.如：necessary.important. impossible. natu

18、ral. strange. surprising. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity 等。 句型：It isthat結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都要用should+原型 或只用動(dòng)詞原型。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在方式狀語(yǔ)從句的應(yīng)用。詳百度百科之方式狀語(yǔ)從句詞條。2、在even if, even though所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句、從句的 結(jié)構(gòu)與if所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。如： Even if he were here himself, he should notknow what to do.即使他親自來(lái)也不知該怎么辦。Nobody could

19、save him even thoughHua Tuo should come here.即使華佗在世也救不了他。3、 在 whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh-word等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：may +動(dòng)詞原形(指現(xiàn)在或斗哥來(lái))。如： We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管 發(fā)生什么事，我們都要按時(shí)完成。We will find him wherever / no matte

20、r where he maybe.無(wú)論他在哪里，我們都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he maycome.不管他來(lái)的多么晚，我都會(huì)等他。may +完成式(指過(guò)去)，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如： You mustn ' t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made.不管你取得了多么大的進(jìn)步，你也不能驕傲We must respect him no matterwhat / whatever mistakes he may have made.不管他

21、犯過(guò)什么錯(cuò)誤，我們宓須尊敬他。4、一般 would rather, had rather, would sooner 等之后的賓語(yǔ)從句常表示與客觀事實(shí) 不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu) 過(guò)去had +過(guò)去分詞；現(xiàn)在 過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were ) 將來(lái) 過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were )如：I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你日.天看過(guò)了這場(chǎng)電影。I' d rather you were here now.我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。We' d rather you went her

22、etomorrow.我們倒想你明天去那兒5、虛擬語(yǔ)氣還可用在定語(yǔ)從句中，表示：“早該做某事了”時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is (high / about) time that + 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式/ should +動(dòng)詞原形，即從句用虛擬過(guò)去式。如It is time that I went to pick up mydaughter at school.我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。It is high time you should go to work.你早該上班了。6、簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣（1）說(shuō)話時(shí)，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌，言語(yǔ)常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

23、。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)形式常為：would / could / might/ should +原形動(dòng)詞。如： Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把門(mén)關(guān)起來(lái)你介意嗎？Youshould always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把這個(gè)教訓(xùn)牢t己于心。I should agreewith you.我應(yīng)該同意你的觀點(diǎn)。（2）表示"祝愿"時(shí)，常用" may +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他”。如： May you have a good journey!祝你一監(jiān)順風(fēng)。May your youthlast fo

24、r ever!祝你青春永駐。（3）表示強(qiáng)烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”時(shí)，常用動(dòng)詞原形。如： Long live the Communist Party of China. 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨萬(wàn)歲。God bless us.上帝保佑。（4）習(xí)慣表達(dá)中常用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。（1）提出請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)。如：Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?今天晚上來(lái)跟我們聊天好嗎？ Could I use your bike now?我可以用一下你的單車(chē)嗎？（2）陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)或看法。如： I should glad to meet you.見(jiàn)至U你我會(huì)很高興。I woul

25、d try my best to helpyou.我會(huì)盡力幫助你。（3）提出勸告或建議。 如： You' d better ask your fatherfirst.你最好先問(wèn) 問(wèn)你的父親。You should make a full investigation of it first. 你應(yīng)該先全面調(diào)查一番。（4）提出問(wèn)題。如： Do you think he could get here on time?你認(rèn)為他能按時(shí)來(lái)嗎？Do you expect he would tell us the truth?你期望他會(huì)告訴我們真相嗎？ （5）表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的責(zé)備時(shí)，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬

26、語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：“情 態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have +過(guò)去分詞”。如： You should have got here earlier.你應(yīng)該早就到這 里了。You should have returned it to him.你應(yīng)該把它還給他了。練習(xí)以及解析1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I the book from which it was made.A. have readB. had readC. should have readD. are reading2.You are late. If you a few minutes earlier

27、, you him.A. come; would meetB. had come; would have met3.The two students talkedA. should beC. have beenC. come; will meetD. had come; would meetas if they friends for years.B. would beD. had been2.1 t is important that I with Mr. Williams immediately.A. speakB.spokeC. will speakD. to speak5.He loo

28、ked as if he ill for a long time.A. wasB. wereC. has been D. had been6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not.A. have laid there for two hoursB. have been lied there for two hoursC. have lied there for two hoursD. have lain there for two hours7.1 wish that I with you last night.A.

29、wentB. could goC. have gone D. could have gone8.Let ' s say you could go there again, how feel?A. will youB. should youC. would youD. do you9.I can ' t stand him. He always talks as though he everything.A. knewB. knowsC. has knownD. had known10.the fog, we should have reached our school.A. B

30、ecause of B. In spite ofC. In case of D. But for11.If you had told me in advance, I him at the airport.A. would meetB. would had metmeC. would have metD. would have meethow.12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish heA. teachesB. will teachC. has taughtD. would

31、teach13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I so busy then.A. had beenB. wereC. wasD. would be14.He' s working hard for fear that he.A. should fall behindB. fell behindC. may fall behindD. would fallen behind15.If it another ten minutes, the game would have been called off

32、.A. had rainedB. would have rainedC. have seenD. rained16 .He suggested that they use a trick instead of fighting.A. shouldB. wouldC. doD. had17 .My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he there.A. not wentB. won' t goC. not goD. not to go18 .I would have gone to the meeting

33、if I time.A. had hadB. have hadC. hadD. would have had19 .Would you rather I buying a new bike?A. decided against B. will decide againstC. have decidedD. shall decide against20 .You look so tired tonight. It is time you.A. go to sleepB. went to sleepC. go to bedD. went to bed21 .Why didn' t you

34、buy a new car?-I would have bought one if I enough money.A. hadB. have hadC. would have D. had had22.If she could sew,.A. she make a dressB. she would have made a shirtC. she will make a shirtD. she would had made a coat23 .today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Wer

35、e he to leave D. If he leaves24 .His doctor suggested that he a short trip abroad.A. will takeB. would takeC. takeD. took25 .The Bakers arrived last night. If they' d only let us know earlier,at the station.A. we ' d meet themB. we ' ll meet themC. we' d have met themD. we' ve me

36、t them26 .If I you, I more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall payB. am; will payC. would be; would payD. were; would pay27 .We might have failed if you us a helping hand.A. have not givenB. would not giveC. had not givenD. did not give28 .The law requires that everyone his car che

37、cked at least once a year.A. hasB. hadC. haveD. will have29 .It is strange that he so.A. would sayB. would speakC. should sayD. will speak30 .Had I known her name,A. or does she know mine?B. and where does she live?C. she would be beautiful.D. I would have invited her to lunch.31 .He has just arrive

38、d, but he talks as if he all about that.A. knowB. knowsC. knownD. knew32 .If I the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.A. possessedB. ownedC. hadD. had had33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he to the meeting.A. would comeB. cameC. would have comeD. will come34.The librarian insists t

39、hat John no more books from the library before he returns allthe books he has borrowed.A. will takeB. tookC. takeD. takes35.I left very early last night, but I wish I so early.A. didn ' t leaveB. hadn ' t leftC. haven ' t leftD. couldn ' t leave36.I do not have a job. I would find on

40、e but I no time.A. hadB. didn ' t haveC. had hadD. have37.1 wish that you such a bad headache because I ' m sure that you would have enjoyedthe concert.A. hadn ' tB. didn ' t have hadC. hadn ' t had D. hadn' t have38 .He insisted that we all in his office at one o' clock.

41、A. beB. to beC. would beD. shall be39 .Helen couldn ' t go to France after all. That ' s too bad. I ' m sure she would have enjoyed it if .A. she ' s goneB. she ' ll goC. she ' d goneD. she ' d go40.1 must go there earlier. John has suggested that I an hour before the discussion begins.A. goB. shall goC. will goD. would go1 5 BBDAD 1115 CDCA