Book8Unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、一、 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.掌握重要詞匯、語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)、句型，并能在訓(xùn)練中準(zhǔn)確使用。2.訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的詞匯，句型及語(yǔ)法的靈活使用水平。二、 學(xué)法指導(dǎo)1.通過(guò)知識(shí)梳理，構(gòu)建本單元的知識(shí)框架。2.先獨(dú)立完成各項(xiàng)練習(xí)，再通過(guò)小組討論及教師講解解決難點(diǎn)。三、 語(yǔ)境串記基點(diǎn)一、單詞 在語(yǔ)境中默寫，在聯(lián)想中積累寫得準(zhǔn)用 得 活（用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）1.mea ns n.手段；方法2.occur vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)3.reform v.改革；革新1.He won the elect ion and was elected preside ntn.改革；改造；改良4.grasp vt.&n.抓住（緊）；掌握；領(lǐng)會(huì)of

2、the coun try. (elect)2.He indicated that an indicator should give mesome indications of how I did in the5.boom n.（人口、貿(mào)易的）繁榮test.(i ndicate)vi.處于經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展時(shí)期3.The results of the survey fell into distinct6.lug gage n.行李groups. The old were scholars of great7.slip vi.滑動(dòng)；滑行；滑跤disti nctio n while the voung w

3、ere then.滑動(dòng)；滑倒opposite. (dist in ct)8.hire vt.&n.租用；雇用9.customs n.海關(guān)： 關(guān)稅： 進(jìn)口稅Tcustomern.顧客4.Apparently, she took no notice of the apparentmistakes in the accide nt.(appare nt)5.All the applicants can apply in person or byletter and at the same time should hand inlO.maioritv n.絕大部分：大半Tmajor adj.主

4、their applicati ons before May 6th. (apply)要的vi.主修n.專業(yè)T6.One of the major problems is that a majorityminority n.少數(shù)of the graduates who major in English find itll.elect vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人difficult to find a good job. (majority)Telection n.選舉7.“Wallacross this street and turn left at the12.distinct adj.

5、清晰的；明顯(確)的Tdistinctionfirst crossing . the boy told the lady. (cross)n.差別；區(qū)分；卓著13. applicant n.申請(qǐng)人Tapply vi.申 請(qǐng)Tapplicationn.申請(qǐng)書：申請(qǐng)14.appare nt adj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的Tapparentlv adv.顯然地：顯而易見地8.If a customer wants to bring the goods he buysabroad back to inland, he has to pay some customswhe n he passes

6、through the Customs.(custom)?積得多平時(shí)多積累，考場(chǎng)出華章1.與“雇用；辭退”相關(guān)的詞匯hire n.& vt.雇用2employ vt.雇用3take on雇用4fire vt.解雇5dismiss vt.解雇6discharge vt.辭退7lay off解雇8turn away解雇2.單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的名詞小結(jié)custom （風(fēng)俗）Tcustoms （海關(guān)）2manner（方式）Tmanners（禮貌）3paper （紙）Tpapers （文件）4art （藝術(shù)）Tarts （文科）5arm （手臂）Tarms （武器）6brain （腦袋）Tbrain

7、s （腦力）7work （工作）Tworks （作品）3.“多數(shù)與少數(shù)”面面觀1major adj.主要的2majority n.絕大部分3mi nor adj.少數(shù)的4minority n.少數(shù)4.以后綴“-ing”結(jié)尾的名詞1cross ing十字路口2singing唱歌3swimmi ng游泳4writi ng寫作、短語(yǔ)一一在應(yīng)用中記牢，在歸納中記多寫得準(zhǔn)用得活（選用左欄短語(yǔ)填空）Book8 UnitlRevision(講解版)15.indicate vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示Tindication n.跡象； 標(biāo)示indicator n.指示器；指示信號(hào)16.crossi ng n.

8、橫渡；橫越；十字路口；人行橫道Tcross n.十字；交叉adj.交叉的；生氣的v.使交叉；橫過(guò)Tacross prep.在.的對(duì)面（過(guò)）I. live on繼續(xù)存有；繼續(xù)生存2.make a life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等3.mark out標(biāo)出. 界線4.keep up堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲5.take in包括：吸收：欺騙：理解6.apply for申請(qǐng)：請(qǐng)示得到7.occur to sb.某人突然想到8.by_means of用.辦法；借助于9.back to back背靠背10.team up with與 合作II. a great/good manv很多：很多12.the major

9、ity of絕大部分.1.ln some rural places of China, some people stillprefer keeping up their traditional lifestyle.2.After 15 years in the USA, he has fin ally madehis decision to apply for American citize nship.3.While you are reading an article, you d bettermark out the key words and topic sentences.4.The

10、 trade caused me $500 worth of loss.Pity! You didn t listen to my advice; otherwise, youwould not have been taken in.5.You can team up with one other class memberif you can t finish it on time.?積 得 多平時(shí)多積累，考場(chǎng)出華章1.“V.+out”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)薈萃mark out標(biāo)出.界線turn out結(jié)果是make out理解；辨認(rèn)出work out鍛煉cut out刪去come out出版；開花2.“

11、v.+in”結(jié)構(gòu)短語(yǔ)薈萃1break in強(qiáng)行闖入2give in屈服；投降3turn in上交不過(guò)，可能至少在15 000年 前美洲土者人就住在加利福 尼亞了。un forgettable experie nee.2.That is why today over 40% ofCalifornians speak Spanish as afirst or sec ond Ian guage.那就是今天有超過(guò)40%的加 利福尼亞人把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言的原因。That is why .那就是.的原因”。他迷戀電腦游戲，那就是他不 得不輟學(xué)的原因。He is addicted to comp

12、utergames,andthat is why he has to dropout of school.3.lt is believed that before longthe mix of n ati on alities will be sogreat that there will be no disti netmajor racial or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of manyraces and cultures.人們認(rèn)為，要不了多久，多種 國(guó)籍的混合將會(huì)非常之大，以It is believed that .“人們認(rèn)為/相信.,其構(gòu)

13、成為：It+be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句。人們認(rèn)為澳大利亞的歷史始于18世紀(jì)末期。It is believed that Australianhistory bega n at the end of theeightee nth cen tury.至于不可能存有一種明顯的、 主要的種族或文化群體，而僅 僅多種族、多文化的混合體。背原句明句式學(xué)仿寫I.However, it is likely that NativeAmerica ns were livi ng inCalifornia at least fifteen thousa ndyears ago.it is likely that

14、.“有可臺(tái)匕”冃匕。對(duì)我們學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)參觀長(zhǎng)城有 可能是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷。lt_is_likely_that_a visit to theGreat Wall for us stude nts is an、句式一一在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通1.majorityn.絕大部分；大半(1)a/the majority of .絕大部分in the/a majority占多數(shù)(2)minority n.少數(shù)in the/a mi nority占少數(shù)(3)major n.&v.主修；專業(yè)major in主修；以為專業(yè)四、知識(shí)鏈接I.I.重點(diǎn)單詞So, let us assume that histor

15、ical build ings are both attractive and importa nt to the_ major) ofpeople.(2019安徽高考)所以，我們能夠設(shè)想歷史建筑物對(duì)于絕大部分人來(lái)說(shuō)既有吸引力又很重要。2An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members _ (be) against it.看來(lái)達(dá)成協(xié)議是不可能了，因?yàn)榻^大部分委員會(huì)成員表示反對(duì)。3I graduated from Chongqing Normal University and maj

16、ored _ information management.我畢業(yè)于重慶師范大學(xué)信息管理專業(yè)。名師指津the/a majority of+名詞，表示 絕大部分”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of后面的名詞相一致；the majority單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。2 2. electelect vt.vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人(1) elect sb. (as/to be)+職位=be elected+職位(職位前無(wú)冠詞)(2) electi on n.選舉1Don ald Trump_ (elect) as the new preside nt of the Un ited States.唐

17、納德 特朗普被選為美國(guó)的新任總統(tǒng)。2If I am lucky eno ugh to win the_ (elect), the first thi ng I will do is to en rich our stude ntsafter- classactivities.如果我充足幸運(yùn)能贏得選舉，我要做的第一件事就是豐富學(xué)生的課外活動(dòng)。3He_the compa ny, and the n ews came, in fact, as a surprise.他被選為公司的主席，實(shí)際上，這個(gè)消息一出來(lái)就給人們一個(gè)驚訝。3 3. byby meansmeans ofof 通過(guò)；用 .辦法；借助于

18、by this means用這種方法by all mea ns當(dāng)然能夠；沒(méi)問(wèn)題by no means決不；一點(diǎn)也不(放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序)1Only_is it possible to persuade him out of smok ing.只有用這種方法才能說(shuō)服他不抽煙。2Furthermore, puni shme nt is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up men tally and physically.TFurthermore, by no means_a wise choice to help them gr

19、ow up men tally and physically.此外，懲罰絕不是一個(gè)協(xié)助他們?cè)诰裆虾蜕眢w上健康成長(zhǎng)的明智選擇。3Every possible means_ (have) bee n tried, but none worked.每種可能的方法都試過(guò)了，但是沒(méi)有一種起作用的。4 4. hirehire n n.& & vt.vt.租用；雇用(1)o n hire出租for hire可供出租(2)hire sth. out (to sb.)把租出去(給某人)1There are many bicycles _ hire in this area.這地方有很多自行車出

20、租。2There are three small boats available _ hire.這里有三只可供出租的小船。3David used to hire his car_ sometimes when he didn t need it himself.大衛(wèi)過(guò)去常常在自己不用車時(shí)把車租出去。6 6. occuroccur vi.vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)sth. occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that .某人突然想起It occurs to sb. to do sth.某人突然想起做某事1Along with your wo

21、n derful inno vati on, you n eed to hand in a report, expla ining how the idea occurs _ you andwhat materials you use. (2019遼寧高考書面表達(dá))除了你奇妙的創(chuàng)意作品外，你還需要提交一份報(bào)告，解釋你是怎么想到這個(gè)點(diǎn)子的，你用的是什么材料。2But it_ (=occurred to) me that one shouldn t lose heart when in trouble.但是我突然想到一個(gè)人在陷入困境時(shí)不應(yīng)該失去信心。3Didn t it occur to you_

22、(phone) them about it?關(guān)于這件事你難道就沒(méi)想到給他們打個(gè)電話？7 7. makemake a a lifelife 習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生(1)make/earn a/ones living謀生(2)live/lead a .life過(guò)著生活come (back) to life蘇醒；變得活躍；恢復(fù)生氣bring .back to life使蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)；給活力Happy is the man who can make a livi ng (=) by his hobby.以愛(ài)好謀生的人是幸福的。2She had to look for part- time bab

23、ysitt ing jobs these years_ (make) a livi ng.這些年來(lái)為了謀生，她不得不去找當(dāng)臨時(shí)保姆的活兒。3When Alice_ she did not know how long she had bee n lying there.當(dāng)愛(ài)麗絲醒來(lái)時(shí)，她不知道她已經(jīng)在那兒躺了多久。8.8. taketake inin 包括；吸收；理解；欺騙；收留一詞多義寫出下列句中take in的含義1The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night._2While readi ng popular scie nee boo

24、ks, we can take in more basic knowledge._3The Un ited Kin gdom takes in En gla nd, Wales, Scotia nd and Norther n Irela nd. _4Lack ing n ecessary social experie nee, tee nagers tend to be take n in by ill people._5Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words. _t

25、ake off起飛；匆匆離去；脫下take on表現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)take over接收；接管；取代take up占去；占據(jù)；開始從事take dow n拿下；寫下；記下take back收回；取回There will be many challe nges ahead, but I have con fide nee that I ll_ the burde n. （2019天津高考書面表達(dá)）即使前面有很多挑戰(zhàn)，但我有信心勇挑重?fù)?dān)。9.9. indicateindicatevt.t.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示（1）作指出；指示”講時(shí)，后面經(jīng)常接名詞。作表明；象征”講時(shí)，后面能夠接名詞或賓語(yǔ)從句，即

26、indicateF n./（that）（3）indication n.暗示；表示；預(yù)兆1I asked him where the new school was and he_ the road ahead.我問(wèn)他新校在哪里，他指給我前面那條路。2His attitude_ he is not very happy with what you are doing.他的態(tài)度表明他對(duì)你的所作所為很不高興。3He_ his willi ngn ess with a nod of his head.他點(diǎn)頭表示愿意。keep an eye on sth.照看；密切注視keep onehead/word保

27、持冷靜/履行諾言keep the law守法keep away from遠(yuǎn)離；不接觸keep back阻止；扣留keep behind使留下來(lái)keep to堅(jiān)持； 遵守； 信守；沿著 走keep it up保持優(yōu)秀成績(jī)；繼續(xù)下去keep in touch with與.保持聯(lián)系keep pace with與.同步前進(jìn)keep up with跟上 保人/某事物）；（與某人/某事物）同步前進(jìn)或保持聯(lián)系；跟上（形勢(shì)）keep track of追蹤；知道；理解keepout （of sth.）不讓. 進(jìn)入（某處）keepfrom （doing） sth.使. 不做某事keep sth. i n mi n

28、d把. 記在心上11.11.介詞 in/ofin/of 后接 whatwhat 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句1Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California,no one really knows.（教材P2）最早一批人具體是在什么時(shí)候來(lái)到我們現(xiàn)在所知道的加利福尼亞地區(qū)的，誰(shuí)也說(shuō)不清楚。2Two centuries later,the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast ofwhat we

29、 now call the United States.（教材P2）兩個(gè)世紀(jì)以后，西班牙人在南美洲的絕大部分地區(qū)定居下來(lái)，而且還在我們現(xiàn)在稱之為美國(guó)的西北沿海地區(qū)1010 . . keepkeep upup 堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲（風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等）；使不下降；繼續(xù)1_ the struggle till you succeed.繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗直到你們?nèi)〉脛倮?（2019全國(guó)卷n） The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would_il stationssignedoff for the night.當(dāng)我把電視搬到家的時(shí)候

30、，電視播放得很順利，以至于我讓它一直開著，直到電視臺(tái)晚上停播。3（2019陜西卷）There can be a busy executive who fights to_ his schedule.可能會(huì)有一個(gè)忙碌的高級(jí)管理人員努力地堅(jiān)持著自己的計(jì)劃。4（2019山東卷）She asked Ann if she could_ the dog.她問(wèn)安是否能夠幫忙照看一下她的狗。住下來(lái)?！揪涫近c(diǎn)撥】what在句中引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示所指的事保物）;what可用來(lái)引起主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句或動(dòng)詞/介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句?！窘?jīng)典例句】? What he says is very reas on able.他說(shuō)的話

31、很合理。? Thats what I hope.這是我所希望的。As a friend of yours,I want to tell you_作為朋友，我想告訴你我所聽到的事情。I dont care about money or about_我不關(guān)心錢，也不關(guān)心人們所謂的地位。3. comfortable adj.舒適的12.12. ItIt isis likelylikely thatthat 很可能.However,it is likely that Native America ns were livi ng in Califor nia at least fiftee n thou

32、sa nd years ago.(教材P2)不過(guò)，土著美國(guó)人有可能在至少一萬(wàn)五千年前就在加利福尼亞生活著?！揪涫近c(diǎn)撥】It is likely that意為“是可能的”， 本句式中it為形式主語(yǔ)， 真正的主語(yǔ)為that從句。likely能夠 用possible,probable來(lái)替換，僅僅probable可能性大些。此句型可轉(zhuǎn)化為：sb./sth.be likely to do sth.某人/物可能干某事，但不能用sb.s possible/ probable to do sth.?！窘?jīng)典例句】1_,in many schools,the students are going to spend

33、 less time in doing homework than they usedto.在很多學(xué)校學(xué)生做作業(yè)的時(shí)間很可能比從前少。2_the weather will be fine.=The weather is_ .天氣可能會(huì)很晴朗。13.13. whywhy 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 仃 hishis isis whywhy) )That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second Ianguage.(教材P2)這就是為什么今天有超過(guò)40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言?！揪涫近c(diǎn)撥

34、】(1) This/That is why為表語(yǔ)從句的常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)，意為這/那就是為什么 .”，用來(lái)表示原因。(2) Thats because意為這是因?yàn)?.”，because從句表示原因時(shí)，只可用在“It/This/Thatis/was后”。(3) The reason whyis/was that-意為“. 的原因是 .，此句型結(jié)構(gòu)中表語(yǔ)從句常用that引導(dǎo)，而不用because,即：當(dāng)主句中有reason或why時(shí)只可用that1_it is possible to produce more food on the same amount of land.這就是為什么能夠在同樣面積土地

35、上生產(chǎn)出更多食物。2Tom came late for the meeti ng._ e was ill.湯姆開會(huì)遲到了，那是因?yàn)樗×恕?_Tom came late for the meeti ng_ e was ill.湯姆開會(huì)遲到的原因是他病了。五、話題詞匯狂背(三十六)相關(guān)單詞1. digital adj.數(shù)字的；數(shù)碼的2. convenient adj.方便的4. n ewly-desig ned adj.新設(shè)計(jì)的5. practical adj.實(shí)際的6. ben eficial adj.受益的7. helpfuladj.有協(xié)助的8. con fide nt adj.自信的9.

36、mach ine n.機(jī)器10. satisfaction n.滿意；滿足11. computer n.電腦12. desire n.渴望，希望，要求13. fictio n n.小說(shuō)14. milesto ne n.里程碑15. obey vt. & vi.順從，服從16. design vt.設(shè)計(jì)17. appreciate vt.欣賞18. control vt.控制；管理19. envy vt.嫉妒；羨慕20. program vt.為（計(jì)算機(jī)）編制程序相關(guān)短語(yǔ)1. persuade sb. to do sth.說(shuō)服某人做某事2. even though即便，即使3. sugg

37、est doing sth.建議做.4. a newly-designed robot一個(gè)新設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)器人5. test out考驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)6. en able sb. to do sth.使.能做7. gain a PhD獲得博士學(xué)位8. ben efit from.從.受益9. of great use很有用10. en courage sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事11. come into being出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生我不關(guān)心錢，也不關(guān)心人們所謂的地位。3. comfortable adj.舒適的12. put into use投入實(shí)踐13. achieve great success

38、大獲成功14. have a gift for/be gifted in有著 的天賦15. be well known for因?yàn)?而出名16. be famous at home and abroad享譽(yù)國(guó)內(nèi)夕卜17. be convenient for sb.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)方便18. with the developme nt of scie nee and tech no logy隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展19. play a more and more important part in sth.在.起著越來(lái)越重要的作用20. have sb. doing sth.允許某人做某事（尤用于疑問(wèn)句和否

39、定句）相關(guān)句型1. This kind of mach ine is programmed and con trolled by a computer. Once you press the butt on it will startwash ingdishes for you.這種機(jī)器是由電腦控制的，只要你按下按鈕，它就能夠幫你清洗碗碟了。2. In order to celebrate their twentieth wedding anniversary,he suggested that they both ask for one day leave andhave a roma ntic can dlelight dinner.為了慶祝他們二十年瓷婚，他建議他們兩人都休一天假來(lái)一個(gè)浪漫的燭光晚餐。3. It was not until Na ncy