高中英語 詞匯解析 Module 5　The Great Sports Personality教學素材 外研版必修5

1、要點解讀一、詞匯詳解1.include vt. 包括;包含;將某人(算在內)【典型例句】 My job doesnt include making coffee for the boss!給老板沖咖啡不在我的工作范圍內。There are six of us,or seven if you include the dog.我們有六個人，或者說七個，如果你把狗也算在內的話。The rich man invited many people to dinner,including some children.那位富人邀請了許多人赴宴，包括一些孩子。She bought her son some to

2、ys,a model plane included.她給她的兒子買了很多玩具，包括一個飛機模型?！局R小結】 include一般用作及物動詞，后接名詞或動名詞作賓語。include的分詞短語常用作狀語，區(qū)別在于現(xiàn)在分詞including多置于名詞、代詞之前，而過去分詞included則多置于名詞、代詞之后。We all went out,me included/including me.包括我在內，我們都出去了。【相關鏈接】 include和contain有什么區(qū)別?這兩個詞都有“包括”的意思，include一般指包括整體中的某一部分，作為一部分、成分或成員而包括，算進去、納入或包括進一個組織

3、、階層或整體:常用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示解釋性說明。contain既可指包括全部，也可指包括一部分，更具體地說，contain 指一個較大事物中所容納的分離部分，有封閉于一個整體的感覺。能夠容納，以為組成部分；包括或由構成。例如:The health club includes a gym,swimming pool,and locker room.健身俱樂部包括體操房、游泳池和更衣室。This bottle contains two glasses of beer.這個瓶子裝了兩杯啤酒?；顚W巧用選擇(1)The book _ forty maps,_ three of Great Britain

4、.A.contains;includesB.contains;includingC.includes;contains D.includes;containing提示：句意:這本書中有四十幅地圖,其中包括三幅英國地圖。including 為動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，與主語是主謂關系。答案：B(2)The parcel _a lot of things,_a second-hand dictionary.A.contained;includedB.contained;including C.included;containedD.included;containing答案：B翻譯句子(3)碗里裝有各種水果

5、。_(4)至少有20個人在爆炸中喪生，其中包括兩名兒童。_(5)中國飲食含有大量的水果和蔬菜。_答案：(3)The bowl contains a variety of fruit.(4)At least twenty people were killed in the explosion,including two children.(5)The Chinese diet contains a lot of fruit and vegetables.2.advantage n. 有利條件；優(yōu)點【典型例句】 He has the advantage of a good education.他具

6、有受過良好教育的優(yōu)點。This locomotive has many advantages.這臺機車有許多優(yōu)點。Studying English has many advantages.學習英語有許多好處?！鞠嚓P鏈接】 gain (get) an advantage over sb. 勝過某人weigh advantages and disadvantages 權衡利弊take an/the advantage of sb./sth. 趁機；利用；欺騙(或愚弄)某人例如:Peter took advantage of his visit to Paris to improve his Fre

7、nch.彼得利用訪問巴黎之機提高法語。This failure may be turned to our advantage.也許可以把這次失敗變成對我們有利的事情。選擇(1)He _her kindness and borrows her bike too much.A.gains advantage overB.takes advantage ofC.has the advantage ofD.turns the advantage of提示：takes advantage of her kindness“利用她的好心腸”。答案：B(2)_Johns ignorance,the deale

8、r sold him a worthless car.A.Takes advantage ofB.Using the advantage ofC.Taking advantage ofD.With the advantage of提示：takes advantage of Johns ignorance“利用約翰的無知”,在此為現(xiàn)在分詞引導的方式狀語。答案：C3.guarantee n.C (制品等的) 保證;保證書vt. 保證;約定【典型例句】 This car has a six-month guarantee for all repairs.這部車子可以保修六個月。Wealth is n

9、o guarantee of happiness.財富并非幸福的保證。I wouldnt guarantee its success.我不敢保證它會成功。Will you guarantee us regular employment?=Will you guarantee regular employment of us?你愿意保證定期雇用我們嗎?【相關鏈接】 辨析guarantee與assure:同:兩者意思相近，且都可以后接sb.，sth.和that從句作賓語。異:assure可后接sb. of sth.，意思是:使確信；向保證；向(人)保證（）,擔保（of）。另外，assure用作及物

10、動詞時，在句式I (can) you中,與主要句子并列或當插入語用，意思是“保證,確實”。例如:I can assure you that he is sincere.我可以向你保證他是誠懇的。I assure you Ill be back at three.我向你擔保我三點一定回到這兒。I can assure you of his sincerity.我可以向你保證他的誠懇。I was unable to assure her of my feelings.我沒能使她明白我的感情。This novel is very interesting,I assure you.這部小說確實有趣。翻

11、譯句子(1)他給予我工作的保證。_(2)我確信他安然無恙。_答案：(1)He gave me a guarantee to provide a job.(2)I assured myself of his safety.完成句子(3)他提供自己的房子作為擔保。He put up his house as a _.(4)這只手表保用五年。This watch is _for five years.(5)我無法使她相信我沒做那件事。I was unable to _her that I didnt do that.答案：(3)guarantee(4)guaranteed(5)assure選擇(6)

12、He _ himself that all the doors and windows were locked.A.sured B.assuredC.guarantedD.insured提示：句意:他確定所有門窗都上了鎖。答案：B4.increase n.增大；增多；擴充；增長v.增加；增多；擴大【典型例句】 The technical cooperation and cultural exchanges between the two countries are daily on the increase.兩國之間的技術合作和文化交流正在與日俱增。There has been an incr

13、ease in prices.物價上漲了。My weight showed an increase of 5 pounds in a month.我一個月胖了五磅。His fear increased at every step.每向前走一步，他的恐懼就增加一分。The number of students has increased since last year.去年以來學生的人數(shù)增加了?！局R小結】 on the increase正在增長an/the increase in(of)(方面的)增長an increase in numbers 增加數(shù)量選擇(1)Cinema attendan

14、ces are distinctly _the increase.A.ofB.inC.onD.with提示：be on the increase正在增長。句意:電影觀眾在明顯地增加。答案：C(2)There is _in population _the earth every year.A.increasing;onB.a increase;ofC.an increase;for D.an increase;on提示：increase in“在某一方面有所增長”；on the earth為固定短語。句意:地球上的人口在急驟增加。答案：D5.more than不僅僅是;不只是【典型例句】 My

15、trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing.我去北京不僅僅是觀光。His report lasted more than three hours.他的報告長達三個多小時。The boy is more than polite.這男孩很有禮貌。What he did more than surprised me.他做的事使我非常吃驚。Thats more than I can do.那是我力所不能及的?！局R小結】 more than 可以看作一個固定詞組,后面可跟名詞(或動名詞)、動詞、形容詞和從句等。由于后面所接形式不同,more than 的用法和譯法

16、也不相同。(1)more than+名詞(動名詞) 意為“不僅僅是,不只是”。(2)more than+數(shù)詞,意為“超過,以上”。(3)more than+形容詞,意為“非常,很”。(4)more than+動詞,意為“非常,多”。(5)more than+從句,意為“超出某人力量、知識等的范圍”。【相關鏈接】 辨析more than/more.than/no more than/not more than/no more.than/not more.than:(1)more.than 這種結構是對于不同的人或物的同一性質或方面的比較。常見的用法有: “比更(形容詞和副詞的比較級)”。例如:H

17、e works more and better than he used to.他比過去工作得更多更好?！芭c其說不如說”，例如:I was more sorry than angry at what happened.與其說我對發(fā)生的事感到氣憤,不如說感到遺憾。(2)no more than+基數(shù)詞,意為“不過、僅僅、只有”,相當于only,表示只這么多,有少的含義。The park is no more than one kilometre from our school.We can walk there.公園離我們學校只有一千米,我們可以走路去。(3)not more than+基數(shù)詞,

18、意為“至多,不超過(也許還不到)”,相當于at most,只是一般地指出數(shù)量或程度,沒有多或少的感情色彩。Not more than twelve students have seen the film.至多十二個同學看過這部電影。(也許還不到)(4)no more.than 的意為“同一樣不(兩件事物比較時,否定兩方面)；不超過”。例如:You are no more capable of speaking Chinese than I am.你我都不會說漢語。(5)not more.than 的意為“比不上,不及”,在兩件事物比較時,二者都有某種特性,但程度不同,其中一件比不上另一件,但兩

19、者都是肯定的。例如:Im not more busy than you.=Im less busy than you.我沒有你那么忙。選詞填空用more.than,no more.than 以及not more.than 填空:(1)Mr.Li is _ a professor;he is also a famous scientist.(2)As I had _ five dollars with me,I couldnt afford the new jacket then.(3)He had to work at the age of _twelve.(4)There were _ te

20、n chairs in the room.However,the number of the children is twelve.(5)If you tell your father what youve done,hell be _ angry.(6)What did you think of this novel? I was disappointed to find it _ interesting _that one.(7)Is the flower beautiful? Yes,but I think it is _ beautiful _ the one I bought yes

21、terday.答案： (1)more than(2)no more than(3)not more than/no more than(4)no more than(5)more than(6)no more.than(7) not more.than選擇(8)What made the school proud was that _ 90of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.thanB.less thanC.more thanD.no more than提示：句意:使這個學校感到自豪的是超過90%的學生考入了重點大學。

22、答案：C(9)That company was _ willing to provide us with what we needed,which made us excited.A.no more thanB.more than C.no other thanD.too much提示：no more than “僅僅,一樣不”；more than “不只是，不僅僅”；no other than “不是別的，正是”；too much “太多”。所以選項B符合語境邏輯。答案：B6.unless除非；如果不 【典型例句】 My new-born nephew never cries unless

23、he is hungry.我剛出生的侄子除非餓了，他是從來不哭的。Dont come unless I tell you to come.如果我不叫你來，你就別來?！鞠嚓P鏈接】 unless用作從屬連詞，引導條件狀語從句，可放在句首，亦可置于句中。unless引導從句時，如果從句的謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞為同一動作發(fā)出者，且從句中含有系動詞，則從句主語和系動詞都可以省略。例如:A tiger cannot be tamed unless (it is)caught young.老虎除非在幼時捉到，否則就不易馴養(yǎng)。單句改錯(1)I shall not go there tomorrow unles

24、s Im too busy.(2)If he studies hard,he will never pass the examination.(3)If dont you go with me,I shall not go.(4)He wont win unless hard he tries.(5)I wont go to his party unless inviting me.答案：(1)去掉not(2)IfUnless(3)dont放在you的后面(4)unlesshowever(5)inviting meinvited7.ever since 自從以來【典型例句】 He has ke

25、pt up his study ever since the year 1980.自從1980年以來他一直堅持學習。Ever since then,he comes out only at night.從那以后，他只在夜間出來?！局R小結】 ever since作為一個連詞詞組，后面可以接事件或句子，主句的時態(tài)多用完成時。【相關鏈接】 辨析ever since/since/since then/long since:since adv. 從那時以來；在現(xiàn)在以前I saw him in June,but we havent met since.我在六月見到過他，從那以后我們未見過面。since

26、then 從那時起一直It is about a year since then.從那時到現(xiàn)在已有一年了。long since“自以來；很早以前，很久以來”。例如:I first met him long since.我在很久以前第一次見到他。選擇(1)His first book was a great success and he _ famous as a writer since.A.had beenB.has beenC.wasD.were提示：句意:他的第一本書取得了巨大成功，自從那時起他就成了一位著名的作家。“成為著名作家”為一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的事情。答案：B(2)His fathe

27、r died in a car accident and he was not himself _.A.ever sinceB.sinceC.since thenD.long since提示：“他父親死于一場車禍,從那以后他一蹶不振”,since then符合句意。答案：C8.happen to發(fā)生；碰巧【典型例句】 Something has happened to the train.車出事故了。I happened to meet him on the street.我碰巧在街上碰到他了。He happened not to be at home.他剛好不在家?！局R小結】 happen

28、 to經常用于以下兩種情形下:一是作“發(fā)生”講，此時to為介詞，后接名詞或代詞作賓語；另一種含義為“碰巧”，此時to為不定式符號，其后接動詞原形。這個短語的否定形式需要注意，為happen not to.。單句改錯(1)The accident was happened in the morning when people were on the way to work.(2)I happened to going that way too.(3)Then,what did happened to him?答案：(1)去掉was(2)to后加上be(3)去掉test v. 反對

29、；抗議；抱怨；鄭重聲明；言明【典型例句】 The workers protested about their pay.工人們就他們的工資問題提出抗議。We protested strongly against such barbarous aggression.我們強烈抗議這種野蠻的侵略行為。There was a large crowd in the square,protesting the war.在廣場上一大群人反對戰(zhàn)爭?！鞠嚓P鏈接】 (1)除了動詞的用法外，protest還可以用作名詞，意思是“抗議；反對”。例如:The ambassador made a protest under

30、 the instructions from his government.奉本國政府的指示，大使提出了抗議。(2)辨析protest/object/disapprove:protest經常與at或against連用，后跟動名詞或名詞作賓語；object后常接介詞to或者that引導的賓語從句，意思是“反對；不喜歡”。例如:She protested strongly at being called a snob.她極力反對別人說她勢利眼。He did not object to explaining a problem over and again. 他不反對一遍又一遍地解釋那個問題。He

31、objected that I was not careful enough.他提出了反對的理由，說我不夠謹慎。disapprove意思比較接近于protest,但是語氣較弱，意思是“不答應，不贊成”。Our plan was disapproved.我們的計劃遭到反對。完成句子(1)Do you _of smoking?你不贊成抽煙嗎？(2)He _that he had never been there.他堅持說他從未到過那里。(3)I _to that question being asked.我反對提出那個問題。答案：(1)disapprove(2)protested(3)object

32、選擇(4)He stood up angrily and _ in strong language when they stated their views.A.objectedB.announcedC.declaredD.said提示：announce,declare和say均為及物動詞，只有objected可作不及物動詞。答案：A(5)The students _treated like children.A.objected to being B.protested to be C.disapproved to beingD.objected to be提示：學生們反對像對孩子似的對待他

33、們。句中的to為介詞,而且treat與the students為邏輯上的被動關系。答案：A10.declare vt. 宣布；宣告；聲明【典型例句】 The city officials declared a state of emergency.城市當局宣布該城處于緊急狀態(tài)。He declared himself (to be) a member of their party.他聲稱他本人是他們黨中一員。The Chinese Government declares that China will never be a superpower.中國政府聲明中國將永遠不做超級大國?！局R小結】

34、declare為及物動詞，經常后接sth.作賓語，有些時候也用于“declare+sb. (to be)+形容詞/介詞短語”，或者declare that等幾種結構中?！鞠嚓P鏈接】 declare against (for).反對(贊成)的聲明declare off 宣布作罷declare oneself 發(fā)表意見；表明態(tài)度、身份The people declared against being ruled by a King.人民宣布反對國王的統(tǒng)治。We declared for the government.我們聲明擁護政府。The basketball match was declared off.籃球賽取消了。I declared myself against the plan.我聲明我反對此項計劃。英漢互譯(1)他們對我們宣戰(zhàn)。_(2)他們已經宣布講和。_(3)He declared th