虛擬語氣用法表格歸納圖

1、-第四章 虛擬語氣 一 狀語從句中的虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中的用法三點(diǎn)：從句條件主句目的表示于現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句If+主語+動詞的過去式be用wereIf I had time, I would attend the meeting.主語+would(should could might)+動詞原型表示與過去事實相反的擬條件句If+主語+had+動詞的過去分詞If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.主語+wouldshould could might+have+動詞的過去分詞表示與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句1、If+主

2、語+動詞過去式2、If+主語+were to+ 動詞原形3、If+主語+should +動詞原形If I were to go abroad, I would go to America.主語+wouldcould should might+動詞原型錯綜時間條件句主從句時間不一致的情況下的虛擬語氣有時條件從句中的動作與主句中的動作，發(fā)生的時間不一致，這是動作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a

3、college student now.含蓄條件句有時虛擬條件句并沒用if從句表示出來，而是用介詞短語otherwise，or，without，but for上下文或其他方式來表示。She would have died without my help.。條件從句中省略if采用倒裝語序的情況在if引導(dǎo)的表示虛擬的條件狀語從句中，有時可以把虛擬條件中的連詞if省去，而將had，should，were等助動詞提到主語之前。例：原句：1: If she were younger, she,would do it.去if：Were she younger, she would do it.2: If

4、you had e earlier, you would have met him.去if: Had you e earlier, you would have met him3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.去if:Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.虛擬語氣在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有疑心，謂語動詞用過去式。He treats the boy as if he were his own so

5、n.2. 表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時。He spoke as if he had known about it.3 表示與將來事實相反，(表示將來的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+動詞原形He acts as if he could win in the game .注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成為事實，用述語氣。例：He looks as if he going to be ill.2.as though或as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，從句主語和主句主語一樣時，從句中可省略主語和局部謂語。虛擬語氣用在lest，for fea

6、r that，so that及in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中表示“以防，以免等意思謂語動詞多用should/could/might+動詞原型構(gòu)成For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella.“In case引導(dǎo)的從句中即可用述句，也可以用虛擬語氣should+動詞原型例：1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow.2.The game will be put off in case it snows.二名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣一：賓語從句中

7、的虛擬語氣1.在動詞wish/hope后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣,表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句謂語動詞用過去式或過去進(jìn)展式。I wish (that) I were a bird.對過去情況的虛擬：從句謂語動詞用過去完成時，或would，could，might+現(xiàn)在完成時。I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.對將來情況的虛擬：從句謂語“would/should/could/might+動詞原形。I wish (that) I wouldcould go.在表示建議，命令，要求，忠告，等動詞的后面的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣均以“

8、should+動詞原型表示這種語氣，“should常被省略。We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.常用的此類動詞有：表示“提議，勸告，建議的：propose, suggest, remend, advise.表示“要求的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“同意，堅持的：insist表示“決定，命令的：decide, order注意：suggest, insist不表示建議或堅持要*

9、人做*事時，即它們用于其本意暗示，說明，堅持認(rèn)為時，賓語從句用述語氣。The smile on his face suggested (暗示that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted 【堅持認(rèn)為】that he had never stolen the money.Would rather，had rather，后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣謂語動詞用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾碔 would rather you told me the truth.用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反。表示“寧愿做什么或“對過去做的事的懊悔。I would r

10、ather you had gone there last Sunday.注意：1.假設(shè)*人愿自己做*事，would rather后用動詞原型2.would rather.than中用動詞原型I would rather do it by myself.I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.主語從句中的虛擬語氣“It is(was)+形容詞或過去分詞+that.構(gòu)造中的虛擬語氣表達(dá)形式為should+動詞原形或省略shouldIts quite necessary that

11、we should have a walk now. 常用的形容詞：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。注意：在上述所列形容詞后面用that引出的賓語從句中，謂語動詞也要用虛擬語氣。例：I dont think it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no e*perience.(湯姆缺乏經(jīng)歷，指派他做這項工作我認(rèn)為是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?.在“It is (was)+名詞+that

12、.構(gòu)造句中的虛擬語氣表示建議，命令，請求，抱歉，疑心，驚奇等。Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.這類名詞有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，remendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。二表語從句或同位語從句中的虛擬語氣*些表示建議，請求，命令等主觀意向的名詞做主語時，其后的表語從句或同位語從句需用虛擬語氣表達(dá)形式為should+動詞原型或直接用動詞原型。My idea is that we (should )

13、think it over before accepting it.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中從句用(should )+動詞原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.這類名詞常見的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，remendation，suggestion，order，necess

14、ity，proposal，plan，idea。 在It is (about/high) time+that 定語從句中的虛擬語氣表示“該做.的時候了其動詞形式用一般過去時或should+動詞原型It is high time that you went / should go to school.注意：在this is the first time/ second time that.句型中，從句中謂語動詞用述語氣完成時態(tài)。This is the second time that we have achieved such a great success.二 選擇題1. If only he

15、_quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired A. drove; didnt get B. drove;

16、wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is part

17、ly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today-I had r

18、ather she _ me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up had it been possible-Yes, but I _busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part in B. took part in

19、C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would pre

20、ventC. were, preventD. were, would have prevented 13. _hard, he would have passed the e*amA. If he were to workB. Had he workedC. Should he work D. Were he to work14. _today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leaveB. If he had leftC. Did he to leaveD. Had he left15. Had you listened to the d

21、octor, you _all right nowA. areB. wereC. would be D. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has eB. did eC. eD. had e17. He _busy yesterday, or he _you with your e*periment.A. was, had helpedB. was, would have helpedC. had been, would h

22、ave helpedD. were, would have helped18. If it _for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climbB. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbed D. hadnt been, could climb 19. Without electricity, human life _quite difficult todayA. isB. will beC. would have beenD. wou

23、ld be20. -I am going to tell her the news-I would as soon you _her about it A. didnt tellB. dont tell C. hadnt tellD. wont tell21. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he _homeA. stayedB. could stay C. has stayedD. stay22. It was requested that the play _againA. should put on B. would put o

24、nC. be put onD. put on23. She insisted that a doctor _ immediatelyA. had sent forB. sendC. be sent forD. was sent24. -Did you scold him for his carelessness-Yes, but _itA. Id rather not doB. Id rather not have doneC. I should t doD. Id better not do25. If only I _my carA. hadnt lostB. wouldnt loseC.

25、 didnt loseD. havent lost26. But for water, it _impossible to live in the earthA. isB. wouldC. wereD. wouldnt be27. I would rather you _anything about it for the time beingA. doB. didnt doC. dontD. didnt28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he _ their own sonA. isB. wereC.

26、 had beenD. should be29. How the old people wish that they _young once moreA. wereB. could beeC. had beenD. should be30. It is high time that we _ a meeting to discuss this problemA. holdB. heldC. have heldD. had held31. The thief closed his eyes _ he _dyingA. even if , wasB. though, would beC. even

27、, had beenD. as if, were32. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concertA. had notB. did not have hadC. hadnt hadD. hadnt have33. The chairman insisted that we _the question againA. will discussB. to discussC. should discussD. will be discussed34. H

28、e requested that the students _them get in cropsA. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rulesA. obeysB. ObeyC. will obeyD. would obey36. I wish I _here thenA. wasB. had beenC. wereD. would be37. It is strange that he _back so earlyA. came B. will eC

29、. had eD. should have e38. Mother suggested that I _my homework first before watching TVA. did B. doC. shall doD. have done39. My suggestion is that the meeting _off till nest SundayA. be putB. putC. should putD. had been put40. He is talking so much about America as if he _ thereA. had beenB. has b

30、eenC. wasD. been41. The teacher demanded that the e*am _ before elevenA. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished42. -Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to-Dont call me “Joe, I am Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it!A. doB. didntC. didD. dont43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro

31、. Jackson. I _ but I _ all this morningA. would, have washedB. could, have been washingC. would have, have been washingD. could have, had washing44. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worseA. had triedB. hadnt triedC. have triedD. didnt try45. -How could I thank you enough? -Dont men

32、tion it. Any other man _itA. must doB. could do C. would have doneD. should have done46. Key European governments insist Iraqs co-operation _ good and military action_ to allow inspections to continueA. be, be delayedB. is, delayC. should be, be delayedD. is , be delayed47. If the hurricane had happ

33、ened during the day-time, _more deathsA. it would have beenB. it would beC. there would beD. there would have been48. What the customers_ from the pany is that the goods _ right to their homes.A. requested, deliver B. demand, be deliveredC. request, should deliverD. demand, delivered49. If law-breakers _ the society will be in disorderA. made unpunishedB. came unpunishedC. went unpunishedD. not punished50. We took a ta*i to the airport. O