單片機(jī)課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告電子音調(diào)發(fā)生器

1、-單片機(jī)課程設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告電子音調(diào)發(fā)生器： 日期： 2009年6月29日星期一目錄一實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?二設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)及要求2三工作原理及設(shè)計(jì)思路2四實(shí)現(xiàn)功能設(shè)計(jì)3五軟件設(shè)計(jì)3六電路設(shè)計(jì)35七調(diào)試36八實(shí)驗(yàn)體會37一實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康? 了解計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)聲原理。2 熟悉定時(shí)器和鍵盤掃描電路的工作原理及編程方法。二設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)及要求利用實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺上的開關(guān)k0-k7和蜂鳴器設(shè)計(jì)電子音調(diào)發(fā)生器，要求：1利用實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺上開關(guān)k0-k7進(jìn)展音調(diào)選擇，即撥動不同的開關(guān)產(chǎn)生不同的音調(diào)，依次撥動K0K7，蜂鳴器發(fā)出1234567i八個(gè)音調(diào)。2編寫2支歌曲，并可進(jìn)展選擇播放。三工作原理及設(shè)計(jì)思路音節(jié)由不同頻率的方波產(chǎn)生，音節(jié)與頻率的關(guān)系如表1所示。

2、要產(chǎn)生音頻方波，只要算出*一音頻的周期1/頻率，然后將此周期除以2，即為半周期的時(shí)間。利用計(jì)時(shí)器計(jì)時(shí)此半周期時(shí)間，每當(dāng)計(jì)時(shí)到后就將輸出方波的I/0反相，然后重復(fù)計(jì)時(shí)此半周期時(shí)間再對I/O反相，就可在I/O腳得到此頻率的方波。在ZKS-03實(shí)驗(yàn)儀上，產(chǎn)生方波的I/O腳選用P1.7，通過跳線選擇器JP1將單片機(jī)的P1.7與蜂鳴器的驅(qū)動電路相連。這樣P1.7輸出不同頻率的方波，蜂鳴器便會發(fā)出不同的聲音。另外，音樂的節(jié)拍是由延時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，如果1拍為0.4秒，1/4拍是0.1秒。只要設(shè)定延時(shí)時(shí)間，就可求得節(jié)拍的時(shí)間。延時(shí)作為根本延時(shí)時(shí)間，節(jié)拍值只能是它的整數(shù)倍，每個(gè)音節(jié)相應(yīng)的定時(shí)器初值*可按下法計(jì)算： 1

3、/2*(1/f)=(12/fose)*(216-*)即 *=216-(fose/24f)其中f:音調(diào)頻率，當(dāng)晶振fose=11.0592MHz時(shí)，音節(jié)“1相應(yīng)的定時(shí)器初值為*,則可得*=63777D=F921H 其它的可同樣求得。 表1音調(diào)頻率Hz*(HE*)1262F9212294F9E13330FA8C4349FAD85392FB686440FBE97494FC5Bi523FC8F四實(shí)現(xiàn)功能設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)主要功能：電子琴與音樂播放；一個(gè)輔助功能：在液晶上顯示相關(guān)信息。1、電子琴：4*4的矩陣16個(gè)按鍵，按鍵0實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)功能的切換，其余按鍵分別發(fā)出音調(diào) 低音5、6、7，中音1、2、3、

4、4、5、6、7，高音1、2、3、4、5。發(fā)音的同時(shí)在液晶顯示屏上顯示出對應(yīng)的音調(diào)。2、音樂播放：按鍵0實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)功能的切換，按鍵1實(shí)現(xiàn)播放類型選擇單曲循環(huán)播放、所有循環(huán)播放，其余按鍵分別對應(yīng)一首歌。目前已經(jīng)有9首歌。播放的同時(shí)，在液晶上顯示出歌名。五軟件設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)要實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能，流程圖如下：開場系統(tǒng)初始化判斷按鍵判斷按鍵電子琴液晶顯示錄音調(diào)整時(shí)鐘功能選擇音樂*include <AT89*52.H>*include <intrins.h>*define nop _nop_() *define uchar unsigned char *define uint unsigned i

5、nt*define PAI_BASE 15*define MUSIC_NUM 9*define SCAN_CYCLE 500*define BEEP P3_3/*液晶顯示相關(guān)變量*/sbit LCD_RS = P27; sbit LCD_RW = P26;sbit LCD_EN = P25;static uchar th0_f; /在中斷中裝載的 T0 的值高 8 位static uchar tl0_f; /在中斷中裝載的 T0 的值低 8 位static timebuffer,Record_counter,Record_flag=0;static uchar key2,key=16,scou

6、nter=0,Record_time;static uchar s_musicCounter=0*00,s_tableCounter;bit Rplay_flag=0;bit K0_flag=0;bit Music_flag0;bit Music_flag=0;bit Freq_flag=0;bit disptime_flag=0;bit musicAutoFlag=0;/sbit BEEP = P3_3; /喇叭輸出腳/延時(shí)子程序1void delay(int ms) int i; while(ms-) for(i = 0; i< 250; i+) _nop_(); _nop_();

7、_nop_(); _nop_(); /*/* */*檢查LCD忙狀態(tài) */*lcd_busy為1時(shí)，忙，等待。lcd-busy為0時(shí),閑，可寫指令與數(shù)據(jù)。 */* */*/bit lcd_busy() bit result; LCD_RS = 0; LCD_RW = 1; LCD_EN = 1; _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); result = (bit)(P0&0*80); LCD_EN = 0; return result; /*/* */*寫指令數(shù)據(jù)到LCD */*RS=L，RW=L，E=高脈沖，D0-D7=指令碼。 */* */*/voi

8、d lcd_wcmd(uchar cmd) while(lcd_busy(); LCD_RS = 0; LCD_RW = 0; LCD_EN = 0; _nop_(); _nop_(); P0 = cmd; _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); LCD_EN = 1; _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); LCD_EN = 0; /*/* */*寫顯示數(shù)據(jù)到LCD */*RS=H，RW=L，E=高脈沖，D0-D7=數(shù)據(jù)。 */* */*/void lcd_wdat(uchar dat) while(lcd_busy(); LC

9、D_RS = 1; LCD_RW = 0; LCD_EN = 0; P0 = dat; _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); LCD_EN = 1; _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); LCD_EN = 0; /*/* */* 設(shè)定顯示位置 */* */*/void lcd_pos(uchar pos) lcd_wcmd(pos|0*80); /數(shù)據(jù)指針=80+地址變量/*/* */* LCD初始化設(shè)定 */* */*/void lcd_init() delay(15); /等待LCD電源穩(wěn)定 lcd_wcmd(0*38);

10、 /16*2顯示，5*7點(diǎn)陣，8位數(shù)據(jù) delay(5); lcd_wcmd(0*38); delay(5); lcd_wcmd(0*38); delay(5); lcd_wcmd(0*0c); /顯示開，關(guān)光標(biāo) delay(5); lcd_wcmd(0*06); /移動光標(biāo) delay(5); lcd_wcmd(0*01); /去除LCD的顯示容 delay(5);/*/* */* 清屏子程序 */* */*/void lcd_clr() lcd_wcmd(0*01); /去除LCD的顯示容 delay(5);/靜態(tài)顯示字符串void lcd_string(char *strpoint) /

11、*在當(dāng)前顯示位置顯示LCD 字符串*/ register i=0;while(strpointi!=0) lcd_wdat(strpointi);i+;/*/*Constant Tables*/const char code c_music1=0*82,0*01,0*81,0*94,0*84, /*生日快樂歌*/ 0*b4,0*a4,0*04,0*82,0*01,0*81,0*94,0*84,0*c4,0*b4,0*04,0*82,0*01,0*81,0*f4,0*d4,0*b4,0*a4,0*94,0*e2,0*01,0*e1,0*d4,0*b4,0*c4,0*b4,0*04,0*00;co

12、nst char code c_music2=0*62, 0*52, /*兩只蝴蝶*/ 0*64, 0*64, 0*02, 0*52, 0*62, 0*52, 0*44, 0*44, 0*04, 0*22, 0*42, 0*54, 0*52, 0*62, 0*52, 0*42, 0*22, 0*42, 0*14, 0*14, 0*04, 0*62, 0*52, 0*64, 0*64, 0*02, 0*52, 0*62, 0*52, 0*44, 0*44, 0*04, 0*22, 0*42, 0*54, 0*52, 0*62, 0*52, 0*42, 0*22, 0*42, 0*54, 0*54

13、, 0*04, 0*62, 0*82,0*84, 0*84, 0*02, 0*82, 0*92, 0*82,0*64, 0*64, 0*04, 0*52, 0*52,0*54, 0*52, 0*62, 0*52, 0*42, 0*22, 0*91, 0*41,0*42, 0*42, 0*44, 0*44, 0*44, 0*02, 0*82, 0*82, 0*92, 0*b2, 0*a2, 0*a2, 0*92, 0*64, 0*52, 0*62, 0*64, 0*64, 0*02, 0*62, 0*62, 0*82, 0*94, 0*94, 0*02, 0*22, 0*62, 0*52, 0*

14、54, 0*54, 0*04, 0*62, 0*82, 0*82, 0*62, 0*84, 0*02, 0*b2, 0*b2, 0*a2, 0*92, 0*a2, 0*64, 0*02, 0*92, 0*92, 0*a2, 0*92, 0*82, 0*62, 0*52, 0*52, 0*62, 0*52, 0*62, 0*84, 0*84, 0*02, 0*82, 0*82, 0*92, 0*92, 0*82, 0*62, 0*52, 0*52, 0*12, 0*12, 0*22, 0*44, 0*44, 0*44, 0*44, 0*00;const char code c_music3=0*

15、04, 0*42, 0*41, 0*51, 0*62, 0*62, 0*52, 0*41, 0*51, 0*54, 0*02, 0*41, 0*51, /*老鼠愛大米*/ 0*62, 0*62, 0*52, 0*42, 0*44, 0*02, 0*11, 0*21, 0*14, 0*11, 0*11, 0*21, 0*41, 0*44, 0*02, 0*42, 0*42, 0*42, 0*42, 0*41, 0*51, 0*54, 0*42, 0*51, 0*61, 0*62, 0*62, 0*82, 0*91, 0*51, 0*54, 0*62, 0*51, 0*41, 0*42, 0*42

16、, 0*52, 0*61, 0*81, 0*84, 0*02, 0*81, 0*81, 0*92, 0*41, 0*41, 0*42, 0*61, 0*01, 0*52, 0*42, 0*42, 0*51, 0*41, 0*44, 0*44, 0*44, 0*62, 0*61, 0*81, 0*82, 0*81, 0*81, 0*82, 0*81, 0*91, 0*94, 0*62, 0*52, 0*42, 0*42, 0*42, 0*51, 0*61, 0*64, 0*02, 0*61, 0*81, 0*82, 0*82, 0*82, 0*91, 0*b1, 0*b2, 0*92, 0*82

17、, 0*62,0*52, 0*42, 0*42, 0*22, 0*54, 0*02, 0*61, 0*81,0*82, 0*82, 0*81, 0*92, 0*81, 0*94, 0*62, 0*52, 0*42, 0*42, 0*42, 0*51, 0*61, 0*64, 0*02, 0*61, 0*81, 0*82, 0*82, 0*82, 0*91, 0*b1, 0*b2, 0*92, 0*82, 0*61, 0*51, 0*52, 0*52, 0*54, 0*54, 0*41, 0*62, 0*71, 0*62, 0*52, 0*54, 0*54, 0*62, 0*51, 0*41,

18、0*44, 0*62, 0*51, 0*41, 0*44, 0*62, 0*52, 0*62, 0*42, 0*62, 0*91, 0*81, 0*84, 0*02, 0*61, 0*81, 0*92, 0*91, 0*81, 0*82, 0*91, 0*81, 0*84, 0*61, 0*51, 0*42, 0*52, 0*51, 0*61, 0*52, 0*41, 0*51, 0*41, 0*53, 0*62, 0*51, 0*41, 0*44, 0*62, 0*51, 0*41, 0*44, 0*62, 0*52, 0*62, 0*42, 0*61, 0*92, 0*81, 0*84,

19、0*02, 0*61, 0*81, 0*92, 0*92, 0*b2, 0*81, 0*91, 0*82, 0*01, 0*81, 0*61, 0*51, 0*41, 0*54, 0*51, 0*41, 0*51, 0*61, 0*54, 0*62, 0*62, 0*54, 0*02, 0*42, 0*44, 0*44, 0*00;const char code c_music4=0*04, 0*02, 0*41, 0*51, 0*62, 0*61, 0*61, 0*62, 0*52, /*夢醒時(shí)分*/ 0*62, 0*81, 0*61, 0*62, 0*61, 0*81, 0*92, 0*9

20、2, 0*92, 0*a2, 0*82, 0*62, 0*62, 0*62, 0*61, 0*51, 0*42, 0*41, 0*41, 0*42, 0*22, 0*62, 0*81, 0*41, 0*44, 0*51, 0*52, 0*01, 0*52, 0*42, 0*81, 0*61, 0*52, 0*52, 0*41, 0*51, 0*62, 0*61, 0*61, 0*62, 0*52, 0*62, 0*81, 0*61, 0*62, 0*61, 0*81, 0*92, 0*91, 0*91, 0*92, 0*a2, 0*82, 0*62, 0*61, 0*81, 0*81, 0*8

21、1, 0*92, 0*b2, 0*b2, 0*92, 0*72, 0*52, 0*52, 0*81, 0*81, 0*92, 0*b2, 0*b2, 0*92, 0*b2, 0*c2, 0*c4, 0*c4, 0*01, 0*81, 0*81, 0*81, 0*d2, 0*d2, 0*d2, 0*d2, 0*d2, 0*c1, 0*c1, 0*c2, 0*b1, 0*a1, 0*b2, 0*b2, 0*b2, 0*c2, 0*62, 0*82, 0*82, 0*81, 0*81, 0*92, 0*b1, 0*b1, 0*b2, 0*b2, 0*c2, 0*91, 0*b1, 0*b2, 0*b

22、1, 0*b1, 0*c2, 0*c1, 0*c1, 0*c2, 0*b2, 0*d2, 0*c1, 0*81, 0*81, 0*81, 0*81, 0*81, 0*d2, 0*d2, 0*d2, 0*f2, 0*d2, 0*c1, 0*c1, 0*c2, 0*b1, 0*a1, 0*b2, 0*b2, 0*b2, 0*c2, 0*62, 0*82, 0*82, 0*81, 0*81, 0*92, 0*b1, 0*b1, 0*b2, 0*b1, 0*b1, 0*c2, 0*91, 0*b1, 0*b2, 0*b1, 0*b1, 0*c2, 0*c1, 0*c1, 0*c2, 0*b2, 0*d

23、4, 0*c2, 0*01, 0*b1, 0*b4, 0*b4, 0*b4, 0*b4, 0*00;const char code c_music5=0*54, 0*64, 0*64, /*大長今*/ 0*64, 0*02, 0*52, 0*44, 0*24, 0*44, 0*44, 0*51, 0*43, 0*44, 0*44, 0*54, 0*64, 0*64, 0*64, 0*02, 0*82, 0*64, 0*64, 0*54, 0*64, 0*64, 0*64, 0*64, 0*84, 0*94, 0*94, 0*94, 0*84, 0*64, 0*64, 0*84, 0*94, 0

24、*81, 0*91, 0*82, 0*84, 0*84, 0*54, 0*64, 0*64, 0*54, 0*02, 0*62, 0*64, 0*54, 0*64, 0*24, 0*41, 0*23, 0*94, 0*94, 0*24, 0*24, 0*24, 0*54, 0*64, 0*64, 0*64, 0*02, 0*52, 0*44, 0*24, 0*44, 0*44, 0*51, 0*43, 0*44, 0*44, 0*54, 0*64, 0*64, 0*64, 0*02, 0*82, 0*64, 0*64, 0*54, 0*64, 0*64, 0*64, 0*64, 0*84, 0

25、*94, 0*94, 0*94, 0*02, 0*82, 0*64, 0*64, 0*84, 0*94, 0*84, 0*84, 0*84, 0*54, 0*64, 0*64, 0*54, 0*02, 0*62, 0*64, 0*54, 0*64, 0*24, 0*41, 0*23, 0*24, 0*24, 0*24, 0*24, 0*24, 0*54, 0*02, 0*42, 0*24, 0*54, 0*02, 0*42, 0*24, 0*54, 0*64, 0*44, 0*54, 0*02, 0*62, 0*84, 0*94, 0*02, 0*82, 0*64, 0*54, 0*02, 0

26、*42, 0*24, 0*24, 0*14, 0*24, 0*41, 0*23, 0*24, 0*24, 0*24, 0*24, 0*24, 0*14, 0*14, 0*14, 0*14, 0*02, 0*22, 0*42, 0*52, 0*62, 0*52, 0*44, 0*02, 0*22, 0*44, 0*44, 0*54, 0*64, 0*64, 0*64, 0*64, 0*64, 0*84, 0*94, 0*02, 0*b2, 0*94, 0*84, 0*84, 0*84, 0*84, 0*61, 0*81, 0*92, 0*04, 0*92, 0*82, 0*64, 0*02, 0

27、*52, 0*64, 0*02, 0*52, 0*62, 0*52, 0*44, 0*44, 0*44, 0*41, 0*23, 0*24, 0*44, 0*54, 0*54, 0*54, 0*54, 0*64, 0*64, 0*44, 0*41, 0*23, 0*24, 0*24, 0*24, 0*24, 0*00;const char code c_music6=0*24, 0*42, 0*52, 0*64, 0*62, 0*92, /*漫步人生路*/ 0*84, 0*62, 0*52, 0*64, 0*02, 0*62, 0*72, 0*62, 0*62, 0*52, 0*52, 0*4

28、2, 0*41, 0*31, 0*22, 0*44, 0*02, 0*52, 0*34, 0*34, 0*24, 0*42, 0*52, 0*64, 0*62, 0*92, 0*a4, 0*82, 0*62, 0*64, 0*02, 0*62, 0*72, 0*62, 0*52, 0*42, 0*32, 0*42, 0*52, 0*62, 0*42, 0*32, 0*22, 0*12, 0*24, 0*24, 0*42, 0*32, 0*42, 0*52, 0*64, 0*52, 0*62,0*74, 0*74, 0*72, 0*81, 0*71, 0*62, 0*52, 0*64, 0*74

29、, 0*84, 0*02, 0*62, 0*94, 0*92, 0*82, 0*94, 0*92, 0*b2, 0*92, 0*82, 0*82, 0*92, 0*64, 0*52, 0*42, 0*54, 0*52, 0*42, 0*54, 0*42, 0*42, 0*82, 0*62, 0*62, 0*52, 0*42, 0*34, 0*62, 0*62, 0*94, 0*92, 0*82, 0*94, 0*92, 0*b2, 0*92, 0*82, 0*82, 0*92, 0*64, 0*52, 0*42, 0*54, 0*42, 0*82, 0*64, 0*52, 0*42, 0*52

30、, 0*61, 0*51, 0*42, 0*32, 0*24, 0*24, 0*00;const char code c_music7=0*02, 0*12, 0*12, 0*22, /*最浪漫的事*/ 0*44, 0*42, 0*42, 0*42, 0*22, 0*22, 0*62, 0*64, 0*64, 0*02, 0*12, 0*24, 0*42, 0*42, 0*42, 0*42, 0*44, 0*62, 0*82, 0*84, 0*84, 0*84, 0*02, 0*82, 0*92, 0*82, 0*92, 0*82, 0*94, 0*82, 0*51, 0*61, 0*62, 0*51, 0*41, 0*44, 0*02, 0*42, 0*42, 0*22, 0*44, 0*42, 0*22, 0*42, 0*64, 0*52, 0*54, 0*54, 0*54, 0*54, 0*32, 0*12, 0*22, 0*42, 0*42, 0*42, 0*42, 0*42, 0*42, 0*42, 0*22, 0*52, 0*52, 0*62, 0*64, 0*62, 0*12, 0*22, 0*42, 0*42, 0*42, 0*42, 0*42, 0*44, 0*62, 0*82, 0*84, 0*84, 0*84, 0