小學英語語法小結(jié)

1、小學英語語法小結(jié)一、名詞：有可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。1、可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和、復(fù)數(shù)之分。 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：【1】一般在名詞詞尾“ S ”女口： teacheteachersegg eggs【2】 以 s,x,sh,ch 結(jié)尾的名詞加“es”如:class classes box boxes bus buses watch watches【3】以輔音字母+y 的名詞變 y 為 i 加 es如: storystorieslibrarylibrariesdictionarydictionarieshobby hobbies【4】 以 f,fe 結(jié)尾的名詞，變 f,fe 為 v 加 es女口： li

2、fe livesleaf leaves half halvesknifekni ves wolfwolves wifewives【5】 以 o 結(jié)尾的名詞英雄芒果土豆西紅柿”加 es女口： hero heroes mangoman goes potato potatoes tomato-tomatoes【6】其余加 s女口： zoo zoos kilo kilosradioradios photo photos piano pianos【7】不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式女口： child children man men woman-womenfootfeet toothteeth【8】有的可數(shù)名詞單

3、、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同女口： Japanese Chinese sleep.女口： l have one sleep.He has two sleep.2、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式不可數(shù)名詞有：【1】milk、water、juice、tea、ice;【2 food、 rice、 meat、 fish、 chicken、 bread、 cheese【3 paper；newspaper、hair、time、money、homework、housework；不可數(shù)名詞的的數(shù)量常表示如下Two bottles of milk a cup of juicehalf a kilo ofcheesea big of

4、rice three kilos of meat some water二、人稱代詞人稱代詞包括主格和賓格。主格在句中作主語，賓格用于動詞或介詞后作賓語主格Iweyouhesheitthey賓格meusyouhimheritthem我你們你、你們他她它他、她、它們We are going to have a pic nic.Let us go.I miss every one in Chi na . Who can help me? What is he doing? He is trying to geton the bus. Look at him.She can theat. This d

5、og helps her.Tell me more about the Great Wall.三、物主代詞物主代詞包括形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞后需跟名詞，名詞性物主代詞后不用跟。 名詞性物主代詞含義二形容詞性物主代詞+名詞的含義。形容詞性物 主代詞myouryourhisheritstheir名詞性物主 代詞mi neoursyourshishersitstheirs我的我們 的你的、你們的他的她的它的他、 她、 它 們的This is my book=This book is mineThis is hie bag=This bag is hisYour watch

6、is old,but hers is n ew.Tha nksgi ving is my favourite festival. We say“Think you”for our food,family andfriends.四、疑問詞who 誰 what 什么 whe n 什么時候 where 哪里 what time 幾點 why 為什么 how 怎么 whose 誰的 how much 多少 how many 多少 how old 多大 what colour 什么顏色how long 多長 what day 那天1、對人物提問用 whoWho gave it to you？Simon

7、family gave it to me.Who can help me? I can help you.2、對事物或做某事提問用 whatWhat do you want?I want a hot dog.What are you doing? I am read ing a book.What are you going to study? Im going to study English.What are you going to do?Were goi ng to walk around the lake.Whatit about?It about animals.3、對時間提問用

8、whenWhe n are you going to eat?Were goi ng to eat at ha:f past twelve.When was he born?He was born in 1809.4、對點鐘提問用 what timeWhat time is it? It twelve.What time do you get up? I get up at six oclock.5、對地點提問用 whereWhere was he born? He was born in France.Where are you? I am on the train.Whereyour mu

9、m? She at the supermarket.6、對原因提問用 whyWhy are you weari ng a rain coat?Because ifsgo ing to rain.7、對身體狀態(tài)或方式用 howHow are you? Im fine.How are you going to go to school?Im going to go to school by bus.8、 對價錢等不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量用 how muchHow much is it?It thirteen dollars and twen ty-five cents.How much milk do y

10、ou want?I want two bottles of milk.9、 對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用 how ma nyHow many books are they on the desk?There are three books on the desk.10、 對年齡提問用 how oldHow old are you?Im twelve.11、 對“某人的”提問用 whoseWhose cap is this? Its Amyscap.Whose pen is that? Its hjs pen.12、 對顏色提問用 what colourWhat colour is it?Its bl

11、ack.13、 對顏色提問用 what dayWhat day is it today? It Monday.14、 對長度提問用 how longHow long is it?It about six thousa nd seve n hun dred kilometers.特殊疑問句語序：疑問詞+般疑問句語序？例：How do you go to school疑問詞【做主語】+謂詞動詞+?例: We gave it to you五、時態(tài)1一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生時的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。經(jīng)常與表示過去的時間連用。女口 yesterday【昨天】,last week【上周】,last mo

12、nth【上個月】,last year 去年】,twomoths ago 兩個月前】等。構(gòu)成：【1】肯定句：主語+動詞過去式+He made a video.否定句：主語+did nt+動詞原形+.He didntmake a video.一般疑冋句：Did +主語+動詞原形+.Did he make a video?【2 be 動詞用 was,were 否定句在 was,were 后加 not。一般疑問句把 was, were 提前道句首。She was born in America.She was not born in America.Was she born in America?2、

13、現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在進行的動作構(gòu)成：主語 +am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞+.The birds are singing in the trees.否定句在 am/is/are 后力卩 not.The birds are not singingin the trees.一般疑問句把 am/is/are 提前到句首Are the birds singingin the trees?3 、一般將來時 表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動詞或存在的狀態(tài)。 經(jīng)常與表示將來的時間連用 女口 tomorrow （明天）,next week （下周）,next year （明年）等。構(gòu)成：（1）主語+will+動詞原形+

14、.He will pick up the apples.否定句在 will 后加 not。He will not pick up the apples。 一般疑問句把 will 提前到句首。 Willhe pick up the apples？（2）主語+be goi ng to+動詞原形+.We are going to studyFrench。否定句在 am,is,are 后力卩 not。We are not going to studyFrench。一般疑問句把 am,is,are 提前到句首。Are you going to studyFrench？4、一般現(xiàn)在時 表示經(jīng)常性，習慣性的

15、動作或存在的狀態(tài)。構(gòu)成：【1】主語+am/is/are+.否定句在 am/is/are 后加 not.般疑問句把 am/is/are 提前道句首。Helen Keller is a model for blind people and for you and me.【2】肯定句：主語+動詞原形The ducks like it.否定句：主語+do n+動詞原形+.The ducks dont like it.一般疑冋句：Do+主語+動詞原形+. ?Do the duckslike it? 【3】肯定句：主語【三單】+動詞第三人稱形式 +He likes noodles.否定句：主語+doesn

16、t+動詞原形+.He doesnt like noodles.一般疑問句：Does+主語+動詞原形+.Doeshe like noodles?六、動詞過去式形式 規(guī)則動詞的過去式構(gòu)成1 、一般在動詞詞尾加 ed如： work-worked play-played watch-watched2、 以 e 結(jié)尾動詞在詞尾加 d如： live-lived3、 以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的動詞，把 y 變 i 再加 ed如:study-studies copy-copies cry-cries carry-carries4、 有些動詞雙寫最后一個字母再加 ed如： stop-stoppeddrop-dro

17、pped不規(guī)則動詞的過去式規(guī)律性不強，需多加記憶。動詞原形動詞過去式動詞原形 動詞過去式gowentcomecamebecomebecamebringbroughtsaysaidputputteachtaughtcancouldreadreadgivegaveam/iswasareweredodidflyflewhavehadmakemaderunranseesawriderodewinwongetgottelltoldeatatesendsenttaketookbuyboughtsitsatmeetmetwritewrotedrawdrewswimswamfallfellrinkdrankr

18、ingrang七、動詞 ing 形式也是現(xiàn)在分詞形式現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1、一般在動詞詞尾直接加“ ing”sleep-sleeping look-looking wear-wearing eat-eatingII send-sending sing-singing go-going jump-jumping2、以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾的動詞要去掉 e 再加上“ ing” write-writing come-comingride-riding use-using have-having make-making take-taking shine-shining3、 有些動詞雙寫最后一個字母再加“

19、ing”get-getting put-putting sit-sitting run-running Swim-swimming skip-skippingshop-shopping八、動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1、大多數(shù)動詞在詞尾加“ s”stop-stops make-makes read-reads play-plays2、以輔音字母加“ y”結(jié)尾的，先將“ y”變?yōu)椤?i”加“fly-fliescarry-carries study-studies worry-worries3、以“ s,x,ch,sh,6結(jié)尾，在詞尾加 es”teach-teaches wat

20、ch-watches do-does go-goes九、情態(tài)動詞 can 過去式 could 后加動詞原形I can write English. I can carry this bag. I can help you. We can always be friends.Later shecould read and write. 否定句在 can， could 后加 not can not=cant couldnot=couldnt We cantgo now.I cantwrite Chinese. She couldntsee and she couldnthear. I cantca

21、rry everything.His friends cant hear him. 一般疑問句把 can， could 提前到句首Can you swim?Yes,I can./No,I cant.Can you speak English? Can I write to your friends?Can you be my Chinese pen pal? Yes,of course. 十、反義詞big-small long-short new-old tall-short young-old heavy-light easy-hard/difficultup-down early-late fat-thin white-black cry-laugh different-same inside-outsidehot-cold happy-sad good-bad clean-dirty bring-take this-that these-thosealways-never woman-man 十一、同音詞for-four son