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1、初中英語(yǔ)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)形容詞與副詞第一節(jié) 形容詞與副詞【】功能形容詞常用于修飾名詞,說(shuō)明該詞的性質(zhì)、特征等。它在句中主要用作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),如: The primitive language of signs is not always very clear.(定語(yǔ))原始語(yǔ)言手勢(shì)的意思并非總是很清楚的。 Groups of new, modern buildings have sprung up along the river.(定語(yǔ))一群群新的現(xiàn)代建筑沿江拔地而起。The football game was marvelous.(表語(yǔ))足球賽精彩極了。 I'm sorry

2、 that I'm late.(表語(yǔ)) 對(duì)不起,我遲到了。 Don't leave the door open, please.(賓補(bǔ)) 請(qǐng)不要將門(mén)敞著。 He spent three days in the snow, cold and hungry. (狀語(yǔ)) 他又冷又餓地在風(fēng)雪中過(guò)了兩天。 【】區(qū)別1. 有些形相似、義相別的詞 如:alone(獨(dú)自地) lonely(孤獨(dú)的)alive(活的) living(活生生的) lively(活躍的)blooming(花正開(kāi)的) booming(繁榮的)credible(可靠的) creditable(高貴的) considera

3、ble(應(yīng)考慮的;相當(dāng)多的) considerate(體貼人的)desirous(想望的) desirable(合意的) efficient(有效力的) sufficient(足夠的) exhaustive(徹底的) exhausting(使人筋疲力盡的) healthy(健壯的) healthful(有益健康的) healthily(旺盛地;相當(dāng)大地) honorable(榮譽(yù)的) honorary(名譽(yù)的) historic(歷史性的) historical(歷史上的)imaginative(富于想象力的)imaginable可想象到的) imaginary(想象的) industrial

4、(工業(yè)的) industrious(勤勉的) legible(易讀的) eligible(合格的) later(較遲的) latter(后者的) likely(可能的) likable(可愛(ài)的) respectful(有禮貌的) respective(各自的) respectable(可尊敬的)respecting(說(shuō)到、關(guān)于)2. -ly 結(jié)尾的形容詞在英文里,有些形容詞是以-ly 結(jié)尾的,不要誤認(rèn)為是副詞。這類(lèi)詞常見(jiàn)的有:brotherly(友愛(ài)的) deadly(致命的) earthly(世俗的) friendly(友好的) likely(可能的) leisurely(空閑的) love

5、ly(可愛(ài)的)manly(男子氣概的) weekly(每周一次的) yearly(每年一次的)3. 行為動(dòng)詞作系動(dòng)詞用時(shí),后面要接行容詞作表語(yǔ)。在英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中,有一部分行為動(dòng)詞可用作連系動(dòng)詞,后面應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ),不要誤用副詞。這類(lèi)常用作系動(dòng)詞的行為動(dòng)詞有下面幾種情況:A. 表示"變成某種狀態(tài)"的動(dòng)詞:become , come , fall , get , grow , make , prove , run ,turn , turn out例如:Our country becomes stronger and stronger. 我們的國(guó)家越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。Milk is lia

6、ble to turn bad in summer .夏天,牛奶容易變質(zhì)。 The child fell asleep . 孩子睡著了。 Our holidays come near . 我們的假期臨近。 B. 表示"保持某種狀態(tài)"的動(dòng)詞: continue , hold , keep , lie , remain , rest , sit , stand , stay 如:The weather continued cold .天氣持續(xù)寒冷。Hold still .不要?jiǎng)印?Keep still while I photograph you .我給你照相時(shí),請(qǐng)不要亂動(dòng)。

7、They remained quiet when they listened to the story .他們聽(tīng)故事時(shí)一直很安靜。 C. 表示"感覺(jué)"的動(dòng)詞:appear , feel , look , seem , smell , sound , taste 例如: She appeared happy at the good news. 她聽(tīng)到這好消息時(shí)顯得很高興。 Silk feels soft. 綢子摸起來(lái)很軟。 He looks unwell today .他今天看上去相似身體不適。 I am sure that the soup tastes good.第2節(jié)

8、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化方法(1) 符合規(guī)則的情 況加 法例 詞一 般 情 況直接加 -er ; -estall-taller-tallest以e結(jié)尾的詞加 r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-er ; -estdry-drier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞輔音字母雙寫(xiě),再加-er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)單詞在詞前加 more ; mostmore deliciousmost delicious(2)幾個(gè)不規(guī)則的形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最

9、高級(jí)如下表:原 級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good , wellbetterbestbad , illworseworstmany , muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest第3節(jié) 形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)英文中的形容詞和副詞一般都有三種級(jí)的形式即:原級(jí),比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。【】概述1) 同級(jí)比較往往由"as + 形容詞/ 副詞的原形 + as"的句式表達(dá);當(dāng)然也要注意它的否定形式、以及在第一個(gè)as前加倍數(shù)或程度副詞的情況。2)"比較級(jí) + than"引導(dǎo)不同級(jí)的比較。"

10、比較級(jí)" 前同樣可以加倍數(shù)或程度副詞。另外"no more than"意思是"A和B一樣不" 。3) 要注意幾種比較級(jí)的特殊句型,如:"the + 比較級(jí),the + 比較級(jí)",意思是"越越";以及"比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí)"意思是"越來(lái)越",等。【】1) 同級(jí)比較中有兩種情況:# 表示雙方情況"一模一樣",用as + 原級(jí) + as的結(jié)構(gòu);# 表示雙方情況"不(那么)一樣",用not so / as + 原級(jí) + as

11、的結(jié)構(gòu)。在這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中,第一個(gè)as是副詞,而第二個(gè)as是連詞;在第二個(gè)as的后面接名詞、句子或代詞的主格(一般不要接代詞的賓格)。例如:My parcel is as heavy as yours . 我的包裹與他的一樣沉。 His bedroom is not as neat as his sister's. 他的寢室沒(méi)有他姐姐的整潔。It is not so hot as yesterday. 今天不象昨天那么熱。I can't speak English as fast as a native speaker. 我說(shuō)英文沒(méi)有以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人說(shuō)得快。 2)另外,在as as

12、 的結(jié)構(gòu)中,第一個(gè)as的前面可以加上表示倍數(shù)的詞、或是某些副詞修飾語(yǔ):twice , ( three ) times , nearly , almost , just , exactly , not nearly(根本不), by no means(絕不), quite 等等。例如:Asia is four tomes as large as Europe. 亞洲有歐洲的四倍大(亞洲比歐洲大三倍)。James is not nearly as tall as Robert. 詹姆斯根本沒(méi)有羅伯特高。Cast iron is almost as useful as steel. 鑄鐵差不多與鋼一

13、樣有作用。She hasn't been quite so unlucky as she pretends. 她還沒(méi)有象她常裝出的那樣不幸。3) 在as as 的結(jié)構(gòu)中,我們還常見(jiàn)這樣兩種句型:as much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + as 和as many + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + as 。例如:She spread as much butter on her bread as Jane usually does. 她在面包上涂的黃油與瓊通常涂的一樣多。He has learned as many English words as his brother (has ) . 他已學(xué)了和他哥哥一樣

14、多的英文單字。4)不同級(jí)的比較主要用表示于人與人、事物與事物之間不同之處的比較,其意義為"A比B更(怎么樣)一些"。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)是比較級(jí) + than 。例如:They worked even harder than they promised. 他們工作得比他們答應(yīng)的還要賣(mài)力。This street is narrower than that one. 這條街比那條街窄一些。5) 在比較級(jí) + than的結(jié)構(gòu)前可以加上某些副詞類(lèi)和表示倍數(shù)的詞,以對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾,如:far(遠(yuǎn)),even(甚至),much(許多),still(更,還),a lot(許多),a little /

15、 bit(一點(diǎn)),rather(相當(dāng)?shù)兀?,slightly(略微),not any(不再),three times (三倍、),等等。例如:This book is far more interesting than that one. 這本書(shū)比那一本有趣多了。You've been working much harder than I have. 你一直比我工作得努力多了。 She came even earlier than I asked (him to). 她來(lái)得甚至比我叫她來(lái)的時(shí)間還要早。6) 比較級(jí)中的兩個(gè)特殊作用的結(jié)構(gòu)是:The + 比較級(jí) + 句子,the + 比較級(jí)

16、+ 句子。和 比較級(jí)+ and + 比較級(jí) 。前一個(gè)句型結(jié)構(gòu)表示的意義是"越(怎么樣就)越(怎么樣)",在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的兩個(gè)"比較級(jí)"不要求一定詞性相同,它們各自的詞性要依句子的需要而定;后一個(gè)句型結(jié)構(gòu)表示的意義是"越來(lái)越(怎么樣)",在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的兩個(gè) "比較級(jí)"則要求詞性相同。例如:The harder you work at your study, the better academic records you will have. 你學(xué)習(xí)越努力,你的成績(jī)就越好。The more we have, the mo

17、re we want. 人欲無(wú)窮。When winter is coming , it gets colder and colder .冬天來(lái)臨之際,天越來(lái)越冷了。He became less and less satisfied with the football team's performance. 他對(duì)足球隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)越來(lái)越不滿(mǎn)意了。7) 沒(méi)有比較對(duì)象的比較結(jié)構(gòu)。所謂沒(méi)有比較對(duì)象的比較結(jié)構(gòu)不是指省略而言,而是指并非真正的比較。例如: The car runs faster than 110 miles. 那輛車(chē)時(shí)速為110多英里。There is more than one sol

18、ution to the problem. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題的解決辦法不止一個(gè)。The daily cost in an average hospital in the United States can run as high as $250 . 在美國(guó)普通醫(yī)院的每天的費(fèi)用可高達(dá)250美元。8) 用比較級(jí)的形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思。在這種情況下,往往是將一個(gè)人或是一件事與其他所有的人或事相比較。做這種句子時(shí)有一點(diǎn)要特別注意-別忘了常在比較狀語(yǔ)中用any ,other , else類(lèi)的字眼,以將比較主體排除在比較對(duì)象以外,因?yàn)樽约翰豢梢耘c自己相比較。例如: He is taller than anyone

19、 else in our class. 他在我們班比其他任何都高。Iron is more useful than any other metals. 鐵比其他任何金屬更有作用。9) no + 比較級(jí) + than的結(jié)構(gòu)表示"A和B一樣不"。例如:She runs no faster than her sister. 她與她妹妹一樣跑不快。Tom is no wiser than John. 湯姆和約翰一樣沒(méi)有聰明才智。He is no richer than his brother. 他與他弟弟一樣不富有。10)比較和倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法:在表達(dá)一方是另一方的若干倍時(shí),常用如下

20、表達(dá)方式:(1)“倍數(shù)asadjadv(原級(jí)) as”,在兩個(gè)as之間可用many(修飾可數(shù)名詞),much(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)和其它相應(yīng)的詞。(2)“倍數(shù)adjadv(比較級(jí))than”(3)“倍數(shù)the size heightlength weight width /depthofthe名詞”。如“你們的操場(chǎng)比我們的操場(chǎng)大四倍(是我們操場(chǎng)的五倍大)”可分別譯作:(1)Your playground is five times as large as ours(2)Your playground is four times larger than ours(3)Your playground

21、is five times the size of ours第四節(jié) 形容詞與副詞的最高級(jí)【】概述最高級(jí)的一般表達(dá)方式是“最高級(jí) + 表示范圍的狀語(yǔ)”,其意義是"某人、某事在某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)最 "。使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)我們應(yīng)該注意,形容詞的最高級(jí)前面一般說(shuō)來(lái)要加用定冠詞the ,而副詞的最高級(jí)前面的定冠詞往往可以省略。例如:He is the tallest of the three boys. 那三個(gè)男孩中他最高。That is the biggest lake in our province. 那是我省最大的一條湖。Joe runs fastest in our school .橋在

22、我們學(xué)校跑得最快。【】盡管這種結(jié)構(gòu)比較單一、簡(jiǎn)單,但我們也要注意下面的情況 1)of后接名詞,用來(lái)說(shuō)明"最高級(jí)的范圍",其實(shí)也是"比較對(duì)象";而among 的后面往往是接帶有最高級(jí)的名詞詞組,說(shuō)明"主體是最之一"。例如:This novel is the most interesting of the three. 在這三部小說(shuō)中,這一部最有趣。She is the tallest of the girls in our class. 她是我們班女孩中的最高個(gè)兒。I believe Einstein is among the grea

23、test scientists. 我相信愛(ài)因斯坦是最偉大的科學(xué)家之一。Yellow River is among the longest rivers in China. 黃河是中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。2)形容詞的最高級(jí)前面不用定冠詞the的幾種情況A.形容詞的最高級(jí)作表語(yǔ)(或者說(shuō),作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)),并且又不與其他人或事相比較,通常在其前不用定冠詞the 。例如:The market in the country is busiest in winter. 鄉(xiāng)下集市冬季里最繁忙。It is best to go and ask the teacher .最好去問(wèn)老師。The well is deep

24、est at this point .這口井在此處最深。B.形容詞的最高級(jí)作"非常、極其"解時(shí),通常在其前也不用定冠詞the,但是可以用不定冠詞a 。例如:His father is a most leaned man. 他爸爸是一位極有學(xué)問(wèn)的人。She is most beautiful.她非常漂亮。When studying at college , I was in closest touch with Leon . 讀大學(xué)時(shí),我與里昂關(guān)系非常密切。C.如果形容詞的最高級(jí)前已有人稱(chēng)代詞的所有格、或是名詞的所有格形式、指示代詞等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),其前也不再用定冠詞the了。例如

25、:Her greatest wish is to be an air hostess after her graduation. 她最大的愿望是畢業(yè)后當(dāng)一名空姐。His most educational hobby is stamp-collecting.他最具教育意義的嗜好是集郵。D. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)形容詞的最高級(jí)同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),后面一個(gè)形容詞的最高級(jí)前的定冠詞the通常被省略了。例如:He is the oldest ,but most energetic of my colleagues . 在我的同事中,他是最年長(zhǎng)的,卻是最有活力的。This is the most effective a

26、nd most economic solution to the problem .這是最有效且最經(jīng)濟(jì)的解決問(wèn)題的辦法。He is the youngest and most famous athlete in the world. 他是世界上最年青、最著名的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、寫(xiě)出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)old_ _ young_ _long_ _ short_ _ strong_ _ big_ _ small_ _fat_ _ thin_ _ heavy_ _ nice_ _ good_ _ beautiful_ _ low_ _ high_ _ slow_ _ fast_ _li

27、tte_ _ early_ _ far_ _ well_ _二、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式:1. My brother is two years _(old)than me. 2. Tom is _(fat) than Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you Yes, she is.4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers Hers is.6. Marys hair is _(long) than Lucys. _ (jump)

28、_ (high) than some of the boys in his class. Nncy sing _ (well) than Helen Yes, she _. is not _ (tall)than the other girls. eyes are _(big) than _ (she). is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig gets up _(early),Tim or Tom girls get up_(early) than the boys No,they_.14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(s

29、low). 德語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí) child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.三、翻譯句子:1、誰(shuí)比Jim年紀(jì)大?是你。_ is _than Jim _ are2、誰(shuí)比Dvid更強(qiáng)壯_ _ than Dvid 3、誰(shuí)的鉛筆更長(zhǎng),他的還是她的?我想是她的。_pencil is _,_or_is,I think.4、你和你的叔叔一樣高嗎?是的。_ _as _as your uncle?Yes,I m.5、他和他的朋友Jim一樣年輕。He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.6、Yng ng每天睡得比SuYng晚。 Yang ang goes to bed _

30、 than Su Ying every dy. 7、我跳得和Mike一樣遠(yuǎn)。 I jump as _ as Mike. 8、Tom比你跑得快嗎?不是的,他和我跑得一樣快。 _ Tom _ _ thn you?No,he _. He_ as_ as_.9、多做運(yùn)動(dòng),你會(huì)更強(qiáng)壯。 Do more exercise, youll _ _ soon. 10、我的科學(xué)很好,但是語(yǔ)文不好。 I _ _ at I dont _ well in Chinese. 11、我喜歡游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I my_ _ _than me.12、你足球踢得比你的同班同學(xué)好嗎?不,他們踢得和我一樣好。_ you

31、 _football _than your classmates No,they_as_as me.13、我母親比我父親年紀(jì)小。My_ _ _than my _.14、她的毛衣和我的一樣重。_sweater_ as_as_.15、I'm taller than Mike .(該成用原級(jí)的比較)I'm _ as _ as Mike .四、選擇最佳答案填空:1 Don't worry, sir. I'm sure I can run _ to catch up with them. A. slowly enough  B. enough slowly

32、60; C. fast enough  D. enough fast2. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it.   A. a few  B. a little  C. few  D. little3. It's such an _ film that all the students are _ in it.   A. interesting; interested  B. interested; interesti

33、ng  C. interesting; interesting  D. interested; interested; interested4. Mingming got up very _,so he came to school half an hour _.   A. late; lately  B. lately; late  C. lately; lately  D. late; late5. I am _ worried about y parents' healthy conditions. 

34、  A. some times  B. sometime  C. sometimes  D. some times6. We don't have _ every day.   A. a lot of school works  B. many school work  C. any school works  D. much school work7. -Look! How fast the two horses are running!  -Oh, yes! They are nea

35、rly _.   A. up and down  B. slower and slower  C. more or less  D. neck and neck8. _ children there are in family,_ their life will be.   A. The less; the better  B. The fewer; the better  C. Fewer; richer  D. More; poorer9. Most of the people in Gua

36、ngdong are getting _.   A. more and more rich  B. more rich and more rich  C. richer and richer  D. richer and richest10. Which lesson is _, this one or that one?   A. difficult  B. much difficult  C. more difficult  D. the most difficult11. "A

37、_ accident happened at 7:30 ." said the policeman _.   A. serious, serious  B. seriously, seriously  C. seriously, serious  D. serious, seriously12. _ is it from our school to Lupu Bridge?   A. How long  B. How often  C. How far  D. How much13.

38、In our city, it is _ in July, but it is even _ in August.   A. hotter; hottest  B. hot; hot  C. hotter; hot  D. hot; hotter14. This pencil is _ that one.   A. so long as  B. as longer as  C. longer than  D. not as longest as15. The station is two kil

39、ometers _ the hospital.   A. away to  B. far away  C. far from  D. away from16. Beijing has _ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours.   A. so  B. very  C. too  D. much17. This box is _ heavy _ I can't carry it.   A.

40、too, to  B. so, that  C. very, that  D. too, that18. India has the second _ population in the world.   A. larger  B. most  C. smallest  D. largest19. Mary received _ many postcards at Christmas.   A. so  B. such  C. too  D. even20. The

41、 cake smells _. Please throw it away.   A. good  B. badly  C. bad  D. well21. - What was the weather like yesterday?   - It was terrible. It rained so _ that people could _ go out.   A. hardlyhard    B. hardly hardly    

42、 C. hard hardly   D. hard hard22. The meeting will be held in half an hour, but they haven't got everything ready_.   A. ever       B. already      C. yet       D. still23. - What about the E

43、nglish novel?   - It's not very difficult. There are only _ new words in it.   A. few      B. a few     C. many     D. a little24. How beautiful she sings! I've never heard _.   A. the better voice     B. a good voice    C. the best voice     D. a better voice25.  Mr Smith always has  _ to tell us.

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