簡單句的五種結(jié)構(gòu)

1、初中英語簡單句的五種基本句型一、主語不及物動(dòng)詞(SV)例句1. The man cooks. 男人做飯。2. The sun is shining brightly. 太陽在明亮地照耀著。3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我們呼吸、吃和喝。4. They talked for half an hour. 他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。5. They were singing when we arrived. 我們到的時(shí)候他們正在唱歌。分析這些句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思，不需加賓語。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。二、主

2、語及物動(dòng)詞賓語(SVDO)例句1. Who knows the answer?誰知道答案?2. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。3. They ate what was left over. 他們吃了剩飯。4. He said “Good morning.” 他說：“早上好！”5. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。分析這些句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。三、主語系動(dòng)詞表語(SVP)例句1. This is an Engl

3、ish-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。3. Everything looks different. 一切看來都不同了。4. He is growing tall and strong. 他長得又高又壯。5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。6. Our well has gone dry. 我們的井干枯了。7. His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。分析這些句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，

4、必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be, look, keep, seem等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。四、主語及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語(SVIODO)例句1. He brought you a dictionary. 他給你帶來了一本字典。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她給丈夫做了一頓美餐。3. I showed him my p

5、ictures.我給他看我的照片。4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽車。5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了。6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我開機(jī)器。分析這些句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思，故這類動(dòng)詞被稱作雙賓語動(dòng)詞。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。一般來說指人的賓語叫間接賓語，指物的賓語叫直接賓語。通常情況下間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后；有時(shí)也可把間接賓語置于直接賓語后，此時(shí)間接賓語前需加介詞for或

6、to。間接賓語后置與for連用的動(dòng)詞有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如：Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.= Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me. 李叔叔給我買了一件生日禮物。間接賓語后置與to連用的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等。例如：Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.請遞給他一杯茶。注意：若直

7、接賓語是人稱代詞，通常情況下將其置于間接賓語之前。例如：誤：Please give me them. 正：Please give them to me.五、主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語(SVDOOC)例句1. They called him James .他們叫他詹姆斯。2.We will keep the table clean .我們將保持桌面干凈。3. They painted the door green. 他們把門漆成綠色。4. What makes him think so？他怎么會(huì)這樣想?5. We saw him out. 我們送他出去。6. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早點(diǎn)回來。7. I saw them getting on the bus. 我看見他們上了那輛公共汽車。分析這些句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語的作用是說明賓語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。賓語和它的補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。賓語補(bǔ)足語可以由名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語等充當(dāng)。注意：在使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have等引起的復(fù)合賓語中，若