水產(chǎn)動物遺傳育種方案課件

1、 1054211112Atlantic salmonRainbow troutCoho salmonNile tilapiaRohu carpTurbotSea bassSea breamShrimp# ProgramsSpecies1054211112Atlantic salmonRainbow troutCoho salmonNile tilapiaRohu carpTurbotSea bassSea breamShrimp# ProgramsSpecies+ 2+ 1+Atlantic cod, +Atlantic halibut19401950196019701980199020001

2、00200300雞牛豬挪威大西洋鮭羅非魚(依據(jù) Eknath ) -25-20-15-10-50510152025-3-2-10123Breeding value - body weightBreeding value - WSSV resistance2314 選育選育5代的大西洋鮭的遺傳進展代的大西洋鮭的遺傳進展進展進展%生長速度生長速度+113餌料轉(zhuǎn)換餌料轉(zhuǎn)換+40蛋白轉(zhuǎn)換蛋白轉(zhuǎn)換+9能量轉(zhuǎn)換能量轉(zhuǎn)換+14餌料系數(shù)餌料系數(shù)-20Thodesen et. al., 1999 尼羅羅非魚的遺傳進展尼羅羅非魚的遺傳進展10012314517017720002040608010012014016

3、0180200基礎(chǔ)群體G1G2G3G4G5生長的相對響應(yīng)量 -25-20-15-10-50510152025-3-2-10123Breeding value - body weightBreeding value - WSSV resistance2314G0G1G2G3G0G1G2G3 XXXP1P2P3 XXXP1 x P2 P1 x P3 P2 x P3 建立侯選物種最多化的有利基因的群體-基礎(chǔ)群體（base population) 。 可以同時選擇多個目的性狀。 與純系選育是完全不同的概念，其效率也是純系選育不可比擬的。成千上萬的有利基因也是遺傳標(biāo)記輔助育種最大問題。青島青島海州灣海州

4、灣MFRH(106)QD(5) SKC(0)SKF12SK(?)HH1(?)JK98(4)HY(?)RH(51)541052QD181SKC(13)2313SKF(12)22SK(?)5HH1(5)101JK98(1)HY(?)115鯉魚的選育鯉魚的選育Year700?170019691972197319831985Purse Red Common carp- body shape- body colour- fins and scalesPurse RedXingguo Red - body shape- body weight- disease resistance- protein an

5、d fat Xinguo Red Wanan Glass-red- body colour Wanan Glass-redn Photos: Li & Wang, 2001010203040506070累積遺傳獲得%基礎(chǔ)群體1234世代1%10%20%46701235Li, 2000 建鯉建鯉 P F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6(W1 x Y1)(W2 x Y2)(W3 x Y3)(W4 x Y4)G1G2建鯉品種xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxX性狀性狀Y性狀性狀xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

6、xxxxxxxxx順序選育順序選育(Tandemselection)xxxxxxoxxxxxxxxooxooxooooxxx指數(shù)選育指數(shù)選育(Indexselection) 準確估計育種值準確估計育種值利用各種信息，準確估計育種值。利用各種信息，準確估計育種值。選擇的精確度遠遠高于群體（個體）選育。選擇的精確度遠遠高于群體（個體）選育。后代后代BLUP 法估計育種值法估計育種值ddddssdddddsddddssssssdsssssdddssddd22ds122ddsssssd21ss11121AAAA0AAAA0AAAZZAZZXZAAAZZAZZXZ00ZXZXXX,kkkkkkkkkkk

7、kkkkkddssdsuuuub= 00yZyZyX21Cages 1 c 5.2334 2 c 7.6642 Sex 1 s 0.0000 2 s - 0.1025 Grandparents 1 u 0.0390 2 u - 0.0045 3 u - 0.0345 4 u 0.0209 5 u - 0.0045 6 u 0.0045 7 u 0.0181 8 u - 0.0390 Sires 11 u 0.0509 12 u - 0.0254 Dams 13 u 0.0119 14 u - 0.0105 15 u 0.0467 16 u - 0.0758 個體個體父本父本母本母本體重體重抗抗

8、WSSVWSSV存活率存活率指數(shù)指數(shù)10611990414990440-1.8012.4-2.9106.710607990456990447-0.698.8-6.1105.2106159904519904461.221.84.0104.7106019904169904461.29-3.68.3100.9106029904149904600.091.4-3.6100.8106129904169904461.34-4.29.3100.6106039904569904480.25-0.61.0100.110609990453990449-0.220.5-2.399.61061099032099040

9、90.71-1.8-3.699.210606990453990457-1.38-0.37.898.310613990453990447-0.95-0.32.798.3106059904569904460.45-5.11.396.6106049904149904160.67-9.91.993.010614990417990452-0.32-8.3-5.191.2106089904149904560.89-18.8-7.284.1 苗、種 核心育種中心國家各漁業(yè) 部 門與漁業(yè)相關(guān) 部 門 養(yǎng) 殖 場養(yǎng)殖公司卵、苗、種市 場-25-20-15-10-50510152025-3-2-10123Bree

10、ding value - body weightBreeding value - WSSV resistance2314 EFAAEAFBBEBFCCECFDDEDFAEBECEDE AFBF CFDFAEBECEDEAFBFCFDF兄妹交：8孫女交：36雜交：10(-)0.6-2.6%0%(-)1.6%(-)1.6-5.0% (-)2.3%(-)3.9-5.8%RyeMao, 1998Gallardo et al., 2004Gallardo et al., 2004Pante et al., 2001abSu et al., 1996Su et al., 1996(-)2.4%(-)4.5

11、%(-)11.1-13.8%(-)10.0%(-)10.0%(-)10.7%(-)3.3%(-)5.0%(-)4.5-6.1%(-)4.7%LiCai, 2003Cooper, 1961HardHershberger, in pressMyers et al., 2001Naciri-Graven et al., 2000Keys et al., 2004Langdon et al., 2003Gjerde et al., 1983 Kincaid, 1976ab, 1983(-)7.3% -100%+100%- 50%+ 50%0%自然群體 第一代 第二代 第三代 雜交 雜交優(yōu)勢=近交衰退雜交鮑品種是近交衰退的補償。SKWKHB群體LDBHHZRSKCKNLD0.000 BH0.069 0.000 HZ0.098 0.094 0.000 RS0.122 0.114 0.025 0.000 KC0.161 0.253 0.181 0.173 0.000 KN0.250 0.252 0.234 0.198 0.160 0.000 GrandparentsParentsF1F2030030301903014030340302703157G02007(, )P03003P03019P03014P03034