英語簡單句并列句復合句及練習

1、.英語簡單句、并列句、復合句及練習一、簡單句1、概述只有一個主語和一個謂語動詞的句子稱為簡單句。I am a student.我是一個學生。She likes English very much.她非常喜歡英語。He usually does morning exercises on the playground.他常常在操場上做早操。2、簡單句的基本句型英語簡單句可分為五種基本句型，其它的句子可看成是這幾種基本句型的擴展、組合、倒裝、省略。這五個基本句式：主謂結構（S + V）；主系表結構（S + V + P ）；主謂賓結構（S + V + O ）；主謂雙賓結構（S + V + IO + D

2、O）；主謂賓補結構（S + V + O + C） 說明：S=主語；V=謂語；P=表語；O=賓語；IO=間接賓語；DO=直接賓語；C=賓語補足語（1）主謂結構（S + V）在此句式中，V是不及物動詞，又叫自動詞(vi)。He runs quickly他跑得快。They listened carefully他們聽得很仔細。He suffered from cold and hunger他挨凍受餓。China belongs to the third world country中國屬于第三世界國家。The gas has given out煤氣用完了。My ink has run out我的鋼筆水用

3、完了。Plants grow well all the year round.一年四季植物生長良好。（2）主系表結構（S + V + P ）在此句式中，V是系動詞(link v)，常見的系動詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。He is older than he looks他比看上去要老。He seems interested in the book他似乎對這本書感興趣。The story sounds interesting這個故事聽

4、起來有趣。The desk feels hard書桌摸起來很硬。The cake tastes nice餅嘗起來很香。The flowers smell sweet and nice花聞起來香甜。You have grown taller than before你長得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill他突然病倒了。He stood quite still他靜靜地站著。He becomes a teacher when he grew up他長大后當了教師。He could never turn traitor to his country他永遠不會背叛他的祖國。注

5、意：有些動詞同時也是及物動詞，可構成SVO句式。He looked me up and down他上下打量我。He reached his hand to feel the elephant他伸出手來摸象。They are tasting the fish他們在品嘗魚。They grow rice in their hometown他們在家鄉(xiāng)種水稻。He's got a chair to sit on他有椅子坐。Please turn the sentence into English請把這個句于譯成英語。（3）主謂賓結構（S + V + O ）在此句式中，V是及物動詞(vt)，因此有

6、賓語。I saw a film yesterday我昨天看了一部電影。 Have you read the story"你讀過這個故事嗎"They found their home easily他們很容易地找到他們的家。They built a house last year他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔?。They've put up a factory in the village他們在村里建了一座工廠。They have taken good care of the children他們把這些孩子照看得很好。You should look after your child

7、ren well你應該好好照看你的孩子。（4）主謂雙賓結構（S + V + IO + DO）在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語的及物動詞。常見的須帶雙賓語的動詞有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。簡接賓語可以緊接動詞之后，也可以用to后置。He gave me a book/a book to me他給了我一本書。He brought me a pen/a pen to me他帶給我一枝鋼筆。He offered me his seat/his seat to me他把座位讓給我。 簡接賓語可以緊接動詞之后，也

8、可以用for后置Mother bought me a book/a book for me.媽媽給我買了一本書。He got me a chair/a chair for me他給我弄了一把椅子。Please do me a favor/a favor for me請幫我一下。He asked me a question/a question of me他問我個問題。簡接賓語不能緊接動詞之后，要用介詞后置They robbed the old man of his money他們搶了老人的錢。He's warned me of the danger.他警告我注意危險。The docto

9、r has cured him of his disease醫(yī)生治好了他的病。We must rid the house of the rats我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠。They deprived him of his right to speak他們剝奪了他說話的權利。（5）主謂賓補結構（S + V + O + C）在此句式中，V是有賓語補足語的及物動詞。常帶賓語補足語的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞。常見的可接賓語補足語的動詞很多，哪些動詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補，須根據(jù)動詞的慣用法而定，不能統(tǒng)而概論。請看下面的例子。They made the girl angry

10、他們使這個女孩生氣了。They found her happy that day他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。I found him out我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。I saw him in我見他在家。They saw a foot mark in the sand他們在沙地上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個腳印。They named the boy Charlie他們給這個男孩起名為查理。I saw him come in and go out我見他進來又出去。They felt the car moving fast他們感到汽車行駛得很快。I heard the glass broken just now我剛才聽到玻璃碎了。He

11、 found the door of study closed to him他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究所的大門對他關閉了。3、There be 句型（詳參There be 結構一章）There be 結構是一個重要的基本句型，它由 “There + be + 主語+ 壯語“構成。There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本書。There is a desk and two chairs in the room.屋子里有一張桌子兩把椅子。二、并列句1、概述由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句并列連接起來的句子稱為并列句(compound sentence)。并列句中的各個簡單句彼此獨立，互不依從，但

12、它們表達的意思之間有一定的關系。并列句中的各個簡單句通常用并列連詞連接起來。并列連詞之前可用逗號，也可不用逗號（但however、therefore、otherwise等并列連詞前后都常有逗號）。常見的并列句結構是：簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句。這種簡單句常被叫做分句。I help him and he helps me.我?guī)椭?，他幫助我。（并列連詞是and）This is our first lesson, so I don't know all your names. 這是我們的第一堂課，因此我不知道大家的名字。(并列連詞so前有逗號）She likes bread and milk

13、, but she doesn't like eggs at all. 她喜歡面包和牛奶，但她一點也不喜歡雞蛋。（并列連詞是but）You can draw a good horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year.你能在五分鐘之內(nèi)畫好一匹馬，然而你卻讓我等了一年。（并列連詞是yet）Hurry up, or you'll be late. 快點，否則你就會遲到。（并列連詞是or）One was filled with kerosene, one with castor oil and one with v

14、inegar.一個（瓶子）裝滿煤油，一個（瓶子）裝滿蓖麻油，還有一個（瓶子）裝滿醋。（此句由3個分句組成，并列連詞是and）2、并列連詞并列連詞（或連接副詞）根據(jù)不同含義，分為如下幾類：（1）表示連接，常用的有and、not only.but also、neither.nor等。Right now it's the summer vacation and I'm helping my dad on the farm.眼下正是暑假期間，我?guī)椭职衷谵r(nóng)場里干活。Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend. 他不僅是我們

15、的老師，而且是我們的朋友。Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him. 這調(diào)皮的男孩既不回家，他的父母也不尋找他。（2）表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的有but、yet、sill、however、while等。We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.在美國的南方，我們種植稻谷，而在較冷的北方，人們種植小麥。The worker hunted for jo

16、bs in New York for months, yet he couldn't find any work. 這個工人在紐約找工作己有幾個月之久，但是仍然沒有找到。Certainly he apologized, however, I won't forgive him. 他的確道歉了，然而我不會原諒他。Instead, he asked his father why he was not able to hatch chickens while hens could. 他反問他父親，為什么他不能孵出小雞，而母雞卻能。（3）表示選擇，常用的有or、or else、othe

17、rwise、otherwise、either.or等。They must be taken away from the heat of the fire, or they might get burnt. 他們必須從爐火邊拿走，不然就有可能烤糊的。Take this bus or else you won't get there in time.搭這輛公共汽車吧，否則你將無法及時到達那里。Work hard, otherwise you'll be sorry. 努力用功，否則你會后悔。Either you are mad or I am. 不是你瘋了，就是我瘋了。（4）表示原

18、因，只有for一個詞。They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one , for being blind, how could they" 他們常常聽說過大象，但從來沒看到過，因為他們是瞎子，怎么能看到呢.（5）表示結果，常用的有so、therefore。It's time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 這是一年中收割稻谷的時期，因此，我每天都從早到晚的勞動。He worked day

19、and night, therefore, he was able to buy the sports car. 他日夜工作，所以有能力買那輛跑車。（6）并列復合句除以上簡單的并列句之外，還有一種較復雜的并列句，叫做并列復合句(compound complex sentence)，即其中的一個分句可包含一個以上從句。I sucked a finger, but the finger I put into my mouth was not the one I had dipped into the cup. 我吮吸了手指，但是我放進嘴里的指頭不是我在杯子里蘸了一下的那個指頭。這句話中的第二個分句

20、即含有定語從句I put into my mouth及I had dipped into the cup。在語言的實際運用中，可能會有更加復雜的并列句，如并列句可有更多的分句，分句里可能有一個以上的從句，從句里可能又有從句。但讀者只要掌握了各種句子的結構，不管句子多么復雜，自會迎刃而解。三、復合句1、概述復合句(complex sentence)由一個主句(main clause)和一個或一個以上的從句(subordinate clause)構成。主句是全句的主體，通常可以獨立存在；從句則只用作句子的一個成分，不能獨立。After the students were all in the ch

21、emistry lab, the teacher brought out three bottles.在學生全都進入化學實驗室后，老師拿出三個瓶子來。（主句是“the teacher brought out three bottles”，從句是“After the students were all in the chemistry lab”。）Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways.玉米是一種非常有用的作物，可用許多不同的方法制作成食物。（主句是“Corn is a very useful

22、 plant”，從句是“that can be prepared in many different ways”。）We also believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air.我們還認為會有更多的人愿意乘飛機旅行。（主句是“We also believe”但意義不完整，從句是“that many more people will prefer to travel by air”。）2、從句的基本概念及其結構從句不能獨立成為一個句子，雖然它也有主語部分和謂語部分。從句通常由關聯(lián)詞引導，并由關聯(lián)詞將從句和主句聯(lián)系在一起。從句

23、的結構通常是：關聯(lián)詞+主語+謂語。When I came home， my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家時，妻子在做晚飯。He said that he would come. 他說他要來Did you see the letter that I sent him" 你看到我寄給他的信了嗎.Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.足球比賽是否舉行將視天氣而定。3、關聯(lián)詞（connective)引導從句的關聯(lián)詞共有下列5類：（1）從屬連詞：that（無詞義），before

24、（在前），whether（是否），after（在之后），if（假如、是否），since（既然、自從）, because（因為），as/so long as（只要），when（當時候），so that（結果）（2）疑問代詞：who, which, whom, what, whose等。（3）疑問副詞：when, why, where, how（4）關系代詞：who, which, whom, that, whose（5）關系副詞：when, why, where4、關聯(lián)詞在從句中的功用舉例We can't travel through the forest by road because

25、 there aren't any roads! 我們不能從陸路穿過森林，因為這兒根本沒有路可走！（關聯(lián)詞是從屬連詞because，引導狀語從句）I think that it's wrong to eat monkeys, so I don't.我認為吃猴子是不對的，所以我不吃。（關聯(lián)詞是從屬連詞that，引導賓語從句，在從句中不作成分）Anybody who breaks the rule is punished. 誰要是破壞了這條規(guī)則，誰就要受到懲罰。（關聯(lián)詞是關系代詞who，引導定語從句，在從句中作主語）Although it was expensive, we

26、 decided to buy the computer.雖然價錢昂貴，我們還是決定把計算機買下來。（關聯(lián)詞是從屬連詞although，引導狀語從句）Would you please let me know when you have a match"你們有比賽的時候，請告訴我好嗎.（關聯(lián)詞是疑問副詞when，引導賓語從句，在從句中作狀語）What we need is more time.我們需要的是更多的時間。（關聯(lián)詞是疑問代詞what，引導主語從句，在從句中作賓語）5、從句的功用和種類從句在復合句中，可作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語、狀語等，因此，可分為六類：即主語從句、表語

27、從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句。The dam, which is the biggest in the world , is 3,830 metres long.這座水壩是世界上最大的一座，長3830米。（含有which引導的定語從句）Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the llth floor.當11層樓起火的時候，大樓內(nèi)有500人在工作。（含有when引導的時間狀語從句）The chief editor decides which will be the mos

28、t important story on the front page. 由主編決定哪篇報導最重要，應安排在頭版。（含有which引導的賓語從句）Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否會來仍是一個問題。（含有whether引導的主語從句）That is where he was born. 這就是他出生的地方。（含有where引導的表語從句）We heard the news that our team had won. 我們聽到了我們球隊己經(jīng)獲勝的消息。（含有that引導的同位語從句）四、點擊考點1.It's a f

29、ine day.Let's go fishing, "A.won't we B.will we C.don't we D.shall we 2.Don't smoke in the classroom, "A.do you B.will you C.can you D.could you3.He seldom has lunch at school,"A.hasn't he B.has he C.doesn't he D.does he4.We had to read the first lesson, we&quo

30、t;A.didn't B.shouldn't C.don't D.weren't5.You have John do the work, "A.do you B.don't you C.haven't you D.have you6.Let us have a look, "A.will you B.would you C.won't you D.wouldn't you7.Nobody came, "A.did he B.didn't he C.didn't they D.did t

31、hey8.You ought to wait for Joan,"A.oughtn't you B.shouldn't you C.don't you D.won't you9.We had better wait for your girl friend Juliet, "A.hadn't we B.don't we C.didn't we D.shan't we10.There is someone at the door, "A. isn't there B.is there C.isn

32、't he D.is it 11.-I'm hungry.-I'd like a sandwich, "A.would you B.do you C.couldn't you D.don't you12.-Frank is up late working again.-This is the third time this week he's had to study late, "A.isn't it B.hasn't he C.isn't he D.hasn't it13.You and I

33、 did it together,"A.didn't you B.didn't I C.didn't we D.did you 14.They should have finished it already, "A.shouldn't they B.haven't they C.have they D.should they15.She may do it if she wants to , "A.mayn't she B.doesn't she C.shan't she D.won't sh

34、e16.You must have told Mr.A the secret , "A.haven't you B.have you C.mustn't you D.must you17.She dislikes this skirt,"A.doesn't she B.does she C.isn't she D.is she18.Wang said that he was not there then, "A.did he B.didn't he C.was he D.wasn't he19.I suppose h

35、e is serious, "A.do I B.don't I C.is he D.isn't he20.He's finished the work,"A.isn't he B.doesn't he C.hasn' the D.wasn't he 21.-You aren't an actress, are you"-.A.Yes, I am not B.No, I am C.Yes, I wasnt D.No, but I was22.-How are your parents" -.A

36、.They are drivers B.They like watching TVC.They are fifty D.They are fine. Thank you23.- is your brother"-He is a teacher in a middle school.A.What B.Who C.Which D.Where24.- will you get married to him" -In two weeks.A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How many25.Have you ever seen as clever as he"A.a person B.such perso