高考英語基礎(chǔ)知識訓(xùn)練課件聽力單選完形

1、高考基礎(chǔ)知識訓(xùn)練高考基礎(chǔ)知識訓(xùn)練聽力、單選、完形聽力、單選、完形n聽力聽力n單選單選n完形完形n設(shè)題方向設(shè)題方向n解題技巧解題技巧n復(fù)習(xí)建議復(fù)習(xí)建議聽力復(fù)習(xí)聽力復(fù)習(xí)高考英語聽力要求考生高考英語聽力要求考生n能夠聽懂日常生活中簡短的英語會話和獨白（故事或新聞），n理解說話者的意圖和觀點，n獲取事實性的具體信息，n并能對會話的背景以及說話者之間的關(guān)系做出正確的推斷。設(shè)題方向設(shè)題方向1.時間、數(shù)字及計算。時間、數(shù)字及計算。 2.地點、方向。地點、方向。 3.職業(yè)、身份與人物關(guān)系。職業(yè)、身份與人物關(guān)系。 4.請求、建議、行動、計劃。請求、建議、行動、計劃。 5.目的、原因、結(jié)果。目的、原因、結(jié)果。 6

2、.隱含意思、推理判斷。隱含意思、推理判斷。 1.時間、數(shù)字及計算時間、數(shù)字及計算提問方式一般是：When.? At what time.?On which day.? How many hours.? What is sbs house number? What is sbs telephone number? How long.?等。 策略：策略：n讀題預(yù)測明確此類試題后要特別注意錄音中的時間和數(shù)字，及時作筆記，如涉及計算，則須把相關(guān)數(shù)字都記下，以防出錯。n平時訓(xùn)練中，可對英語數(shù)字、日期,尤其是讀音相近的數(shù)字(如fifty和fifteen等)和復(fù)雜的數(shù)字反復(fù)練習(xí)聽，達到熟練程度。2.地點、方

3、向。地點、方向。1.對話中涉及到幾個地點，試題就某一個地點提問；2.對話發(fā)生在未明說的某一特定地點，要求考生根據(jù)話題、對話內(nèi)容判斷其地點。方向題的考點是某一說話人問路或說話者準備去哪兒。提問方式是: Where.?策略：策略：n根據(jù)預(yù)測，明確了地點、方向題后，聽錄音時應(yīng)特別注意地點，也可適當(dāng)作記錄。n同時要注意對話話題，據(jù)此可做出說話人所在地點或去向的判斷，如談看電影則去電影院等。例例Where does the woman want to go?A. An office. B. A fruit shop. C. A police station.分析：這個較長對話中雖然也提到police s

4、tation和fruit shop，但女士開頭說：I think Im close to your office，然后男士在電話中告訴她怎么走，最后說：And our office building is right across the road.由此可知，女士要去一個辦公室。答案是A。3.職業(yè)、身份與人物關(guān)系。職業(yè)、身份與人物關(guān)系。n設(shè)題方式有：Who are the speakers? nWhat is the (possible/probable) relationship between the speakers?策略：策略：考生在聽錄音時n一要注意對話雙方說話的口氣，n二要注意對話

5、的地方，n三要注意所做的工作(由此可判斷其職業(yè))。如雙方口氣熱情、隨和，則一般為朋友、同學(xué)等關(guān)系。如一方直言，另一方小心謹慎，則很可能為上下級關(guān)系。4. 建議、行動、計劃。建議、行動、計劃。n提問方式常見的有：What did.do?nWhat are/is.doing? nWhat will.be doing? nWhat is sbs plan for? 等。策略：策略：n答案可能從錄音中直接得出，也可能要從對話的話題、具體內(nèi)容中分析、判斷出來，故要靜心細聽，捕捉相關(guān)的具體信息，善于思考。What are the two speakers doing?A. Enjoying meeting

6、 each other. B. Saying good-bye to each other.C. Planning to see each other.錄音：M: Well, Id better go home now. Its been great seeing you again. W: Oh, it was nice seeing you too.分析：男士講到要回家了，雙方的其它話語是告別用語，故答案為B。5.目的、原因、結(jié)果。目的、原因、結(jié)果。n此類試題要求考生就錄音內(nèi)容對某人做某事的目的、產(chǎn)生某結(jié)果的原因、某事可能導(dǎo)致什么結(jié)果做出判斷。n常見提問方式有：What is the pu

7、rpose/aim of.? Why.?等。策略：策略：要善于分析，注意事件與事件間的聯(lián)系。nWhy did the speaker get a parking ticket?nA. His car was parked for too long. nB. His car took up too much space.nC. He left his car in a wrong place.n分析：獨白前半部分講到So I had to park on the grass, and hoped that I would not get a parking ticket.由此可見是因為車子停錯了

8、地方才得到parking ticket的。答案是C。6.隱含意思、推理判斷。隱含意思、推理判斷。n提問方式一般有：What do we know about.?nWhat can we learn about.?nWhat is.?nWhat does sbs think about.?nWhat is sbs problem?等。 策略：策略：n聽錄音時要注意說話人的語氣和措辭，由此可判斷其情緒或態(tài)度傾向。n要體味相關(guān)話語的實質(zhì)內(nèi)涵或它所反映出的事實的另一側(cè)面，或把相關(guān)事件聯(lián)系起來做出符合邏輯的推理。例如nWhat do we know about the mother and son?nA

9、. She wants to tell him the result of the game. nB. She doesnt like him to watch TV.nC. She knows which team he supports.n分析：兒子說要通過錄像帶(tape)看足球賽，叫母親別告訴他結(jié)果，母親說：OK. But youre not going to like it.不喜歡它暗示兒子支持的隊沒有贏，這說明母親知道兒子是哪個隊的球迷，故選C。復(fù)習(xí)建議復(fù)習(xí)建議nPart 1 conversational listening 經(jīng)常聽一點全班性的聽力訓(xùn)練與重復(fù)聽時的個別提問nPart

10、 2 informational listening 聽前預(yù)測-學(xué)會預(yù)測就是在為自己降低難度。 多練習(xí)聽長段對話或獨白， 單選復(fù)習(xí)單選復(fù)習(xí)命題原則命題原則 “突出語境，強化語意，強調(diào)運用突出語境，強化語意，強調(diào)運用” 學(xué)生要學(xué)生要- 有一定的英語語法知識和詞匯知識的記憶、理有一定的英語語法知識和詞匯知識的記憶、理解、掌握和運用的能力，解、掌握和運用的能力， 能根據(jù)題干所給的語境條件，進行分析、對比能根據(jù)題干所給的語境條件，進行分析、對比并能靈活地運用各項英語基礎(chǔ)知識。并能靈活地運用各項英語基礎(chǔ)知識。設(shè)題方向設(shè)題方向1 創(chuàng)設(shè)語境2 設(shè)置干擾3 思維定勢4 漢英差異 1 創(chuàng)設(shè)語境法創(chuàng)設(shè)語境法-Do

11、 you have anything _ .? -Oh, thank you, I can manage it myself.A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. do解題技巧解題技巧1）身臨其境，揣摩意圖 2） 認真分析題干里所隱藏的信息 如前后動詞的時態(tài)以及那些貌似與題目無關(guān)的信息。例如例如Robert is said _abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study Cto be studying Dto have been studyin

12、g此題的關(guān)鍵詞是studied，由于這個動詞用的是過去時，說明Robert先前在國外學(xué)習(xí)過而現(xiàn)在不再在國外學(xué)習(xí)了。故答案是：A2 設(shè)置干擾設(shè)置干擾 -打亂句式打亂句式The officer gave orders that anyone _a gun should be reported to the police station.A saw take B. seen taking C. seeing take D. seen taken2 設(shè)置干擾設(shè)置干擾 -加入插入語加入插入語We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you su

13、ppose _ to her ?A was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened解題技巧解題技巧：補充還原、簡化補充還原、簡化法法 Was it _ she heard with her ears _ really made her frightened？ Awhat；that Bit；that Cthat；which Dwhat； 將題目還原-強調(diào)句型：It was what she heard with her ears that really made her frightened. Who do you th

14、ink _us a talk this afternoon?A. to give B. gave C. will give D. giving 分析分析: you think是一個插入語。如果是一個插入語。如果把它去掉，那么答案把它去掉，那么答案C也就變得十分清也就變得十分清楚了。楚了。 2 設(shè)置干擾設(shè)置干擾 -利用形近義近利用形近義近 Id like to buy a house-modern ,comfortable, and _ in a quiet neighborhood. Ain all Babove all Cafter all Dat all解題技巧：解題技巧： n1）明確詞意

15、）明確詞意 所選答案要符合句子意思；所選答案要符合句子意思；2）歸納比較歸納比較 平時要特別重視收集歸納比較同平時要特別重視收集歸納比較同義詞、近義詞和相似詞的異同，牢記它們義詞、近義詞和相似詞的異同，牢記它們的用法的用法.3 思維定勢思維定勢Not far from the club there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon.A. whose B. its C. which D. that3 思維定勢思維定勢Wang ling was elected _

16、all he is the tallest. A. because B. because of C. for D. as 解題技巧：解題技巧：n 單項填空像完型填空一樣也要以句意通順、合符邏輯、合符情理為主要選答依據(jù)，切勿在未弄清句意的情況下就因為某些固定搭配而上當(dāng)誤選。The day we had been looking forward to _ at last. n A. come B. came C. coming D. to come 4 漢英差異漢英差異When we got to the top of the mountain the sun was rising _ the e

17、ast. A. to B. from C. in D. at 解題技巧：解題技巧：n留心英漢表達差異留心英漢表達差異 平時要多讀多比較多歸納，盡平時要多讀多比較多歸納，盡量避免量避免Chinglish。Mr. Smith used to smoke but he has given it up . A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly(按照漢語習(xí)慣，同學(xué)們可能要選A或，而正確選項是：B )復(fù)習(xí)建議：復(fù)習(xí)建議：n 1. 控制難度，精選習(xí)題 2. 專項練習(xí)和綜合練習(xí) 3. 練在講之前，講在關(guān)鍵處 4. 常考點多練，增加答對率 5. 在各題型訓(xùn)練中注意

18、語言知識點的歸納完形復(fù)習(xí)完形復(fù)習(xí)考查技能考查技能n1. 閱讀理解的能力，尤其是跳讀能力； n2. 歸納、判斷、分析和推理的能力，找準主題、話題以及了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的能力； n3. 熟練扎實的詞匯和語法知識。注重在語境中考查詞義的這一試題特點，反映了“強調(diào)應(yīng)用，注重交際”的命題原則。設(shè)題方向設(shè)題方向1. 利用詞語的固定搭配設(shè)題利用詞語的固定搭配設(shè)題n詞語的搭配種類繁多，包括各種固定詞組、習(xí)慣用法。如：nI started surfing about five years ago and 38 in love with the sport on the very first day. A. staye

19、dB. came C. dropped D. fell設(shè)題方向設(shè)題方向2. 利用詞語辨析設(shè)計利用詞語辨析設(shè)計n選項與選項之間構(gòu)成同義詞、反義詞、形近詞的關(guān)系（查工具語言近/反義詞），考察考生對某些單詞詞義的精確理解。 n She had no money for her 54 and had to sleep in her car. Then she had to sell her car. （2005北京春）nA. block B. cottage C. building D. flatn四個詞均為名詞，只有聯(lián)系上下文，并且真正知道這4個詞的區(qū)別，才能確定為D。n語法知識包括各種從句、主謂一

20、致、名詞/代詞的數(shù)和格、非謂語動詞、倒裝虛擬、強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、情態(tài)動詞、動詞搭配等等。從近年來考試情況來看，單純考語法的試題減少，依賴于語境的語法題增加了。設(shè)題方向設(shè)題方向3. 利用語法知識設(shè)計利用語法知識設(shè)計例如nWhen Ed first phoned and _ we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an easy victory. (NMET 2003)nA. declared B. mentioned nC. persuaded D. suggested n從“we play”可知道本題考查的是虛擬語氣的用法，故正確答案應(yīng)選D。這是依賴于語境的語法

21、題設(shè)題方向設(shè)題方向4. 利用上下文設(shè)計利用上下文設(shè)計n這種設(shè)計手法，主要考查學(xué)生結(jié)合全文結(jié)構(gòu)和中心意思，根據(jù)常識或上下文提供的信息進行理解、分析以及推理的能力。這種設(shè)計手法在高考完形填空中比例最大。 nWell, then, suppose my auto-repair man 41 designed questions for some intelligence tests. By every one of them Id prove myself a 42 fool . In a world where I have to work with my 43 , I d do poorly. (NMET 2002)nA. brains B. effort nC. hands D. attentionn根據(jù)前文作者自述在智力測試中的