高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句

1、標(biāo)題名稱按題庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)中考綱知識(shí)點(diǎn)設(shè)定適用學(xué)科高中英語(yǔ)適用年級(jí)高中三年級(jí)適用區(qū)域全國(guó)使用人教版教材地區(qū)課時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)（分鐘）240分鐘知識(shí)點(diǎn)1、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的基本用法；2、as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句用法；3、關(guān)系代詞that與which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別；4、as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別；5、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；6、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、掌握定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞的用法；2、能區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法；3、掌握as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的用法；4、能區(qū)分as與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別；5、能區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句與名詞性從句的區(qū)別。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1、關(guān)系代詞

2、、關(guān)系副詞的基本用法；2、as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句用法；3、關(guān)系代詞that與which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別；4、as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別；5、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；6、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)難點(diǎn)1、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的基本用法；2、as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句用法；3、關(guān)系代詞that與which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別；4、as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別；5、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；6、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)過程一、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)1、對(duì)上節(jié)課課后作業(yè)中的問題進(jìn)行查漏補(bǔ)缺；2、導(dǎo)入： e.g. She is a beautiful girl.She is a beautif

3、ul girl who drives me crazy.二、知識(shí)講解（一）定語(yǔ)從句定義1、定語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞的句子（做這個(gè)名詞或代詞的定語(yǔ)）叫定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后面。2、先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。3、關(guān)系詞：用來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系代詞的種類：關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose, as關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why 4、定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語(yǔ)從句。a、There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advanc

4、ing towards her.b、 In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.c、Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.d、Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an ins

5、piring story.（二）定語(yǔ)從句分類限定性定語(yǔ)從句：從句對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行必要的描述或說明，對(duì)先行詞起修飾限定作用，從句與先行詞緊密相連，缺少它則句義顯得不完整，一般不用逗號(hào)隔開。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，解釋，它與先行詞關(guān)系松散，用逗號(hào)隔開。1、The man who gave me this book is Tom .(限定性)2、Tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性)（三）關(guān)系代詞1、who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree is a G

6、erman .2、Whom指人，在句中做賓語(yǔ)，可省略，但在做介詞的賓語(yǔ)是只能用whom,不能用who。關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)不能省略。e.g. I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to . I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking .3、whose, 作定語(yǔ)，可指人或物 e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead.They are the lazy students whose homework wasnt handed i

7、n .4、that 指人或物，多指物，作主語(yǔ)（不能省略）或賓語(yǔ)（可省略） e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us . This is a plant that grows in the north .5、which ,指物，在句中做主語(yǔ)（不能省略），或賓語(yǔ)（可省略）。e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north .常用that不用which的情況1、當(dāng)先行詞是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代詞時(shí)，只

8、用that。歌訣助記：不定代詞這路貨，全用that準(zhǔn)沒錯(cuò)。 Pay attention to everything that I do.2、當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只用that。歌訣助記：先行詞前被限定，千萬(wàn)不要用which。 This is the best novel (that)I have read.3、如果出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的先行詞，并同時(shí)兼指人和物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that。歌訣助記：兩項(xiàng)并列人與物，引導(dǎo)定從用that。They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school.

9、4、當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the last, the way, the same等修飾時(shí)。 This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.5、在疑問詞which開頭的特殊疑問句中，為了避免重復(fù)只用that。 Which of the students that knows something about history.6、當(dāng)被修飾的成分是數(shù)詞時(shí)，（被修飾成分是代名詞one，指人時(shí)除外）只用that. Ive got one that you might be interested in.常用which，不用that的情況1、

10、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一項(xiàng)有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)。2、直接放在介詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)（介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中）。Language is the most important tool without which people can't communicate with each other.語(yǔ)言是最重要的工具，沒有它，人們便無(wú)法交流。（四）關(guān)系副詞1、when 指時(shí)間（1）在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，先行詞主要為一些時(shí)間名詞（year ,day ,time,

11、week等）,但時(shí)間名詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用that，which，不能用when e.g. Ill never forget the time when (during which ) we worked on the farm.作狀語(yǔ) I still remember the day that/which is his birthay.做主語(yǔ) He regretted the days that /which he spent on play . 做賓語(yǔ)（2）It is the first time that 句型中，that是習(xí)慣用法，不用when。 e.g. It is the

12、first time that I have been to the Great Wall .2、where 指地點(diǎn) （1）指前面的地點(diǎn)，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。e.g. I know the factory where I worked twenty years ago . （2）指地點(diǎn)，在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能用where，須用that/which .e.g. This is the house where he has lived for 20 years （作狀語(yǔ)）.This is the house that he has lived in for 20 years .（作賓語(yǔ)）e.g. T

13、his is the shool in which /where we study every year.（作狀語(yǔ)） This is the shool that /which we visited yesterday. （作賓語(yǔ)）. （3）當(dāng)先行詞為某個(gè)方面、情況、階段、位置等的詞時(shí)使用關(guān)系副詞3、why 表示原因“the reason why .that. ”中，不能用because 代替that .e.g. Thats the reason why (for which ) he didnt come to school .The reason why he didnt attend t

14、he meeting is that he was ill .但reason 在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that/which ,可省略e.g. I dont believe the reason (which/that) he gave me .（五）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往可以把介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（whom/which）”結(jié)構(gòu)。但一些短語(yǔ)如look after 等中的介詞不能與動(dòng)詞分開，故不能放在關(guān)心代詞之前。確定介詞時(shí)： 一是，依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞所需要的某種習(xí)慣搭配； 二是，依據(jù)先行詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配； 三是，根據(jù)所

15、要表達(dá)的意思來確定。e.g. Thats the reason why (for which ) he didnt come to school .（六）非限定性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中的用法。指人做主語(yǔ)用who,作賓語(yǔ)用whom ，指地點(diǎn)用where，指時(shí)間when，指物只用which，不能用that，作定語(yǔ)用whose。e.g. He didnt see the film, which was very interesting .(不用that)（七）as 引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句A . such .as 和 the sameas 的用法such .as： 像.一樣的，像.之類；t

16、he sameas： 和.同樣的 在這兩個(gè)句型中，as是關(guān)系代詞，such和same 作定語(yǔ)，修飾主語(yǔ)里的某個(gè)名詞（或代詞），這個(gè)名詞是由as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，as在從句中可擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。Eg： We have found such materials as are used in their factory.( 在從句中作主語(yǔ)) I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work out.（在從句中作賓語(yǔ)） The result is not the same as they had ex

17、pected.( 在從句中作賓語(yǔ))重點(diǎn)比較 :the same as和 the same thatthe sameas:和.相同（代指同類事物）；the same that：和.相同（代指同一事物）兩者都引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。as 從句中說明的名詞與the same 修飾的名詞是同一類，而非同一個(gè)。that從句中說明的名詞與the same 修飾的名詞是同一個(gè)。Eg：He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.This is the s

18、ame pen that I lost. =This is the pen that I lost.(指同一支筆)This is the same (kind/type/sort) of pen as I lost.（指同類型的筆，但并不是我丟失的那一支）B. .such as 的用法.such as 中的such為代詞，意思是“這樣的人或物”，as 在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞such。Eg： This book is not such as I expect.He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.相關(guān)鏈接：su

19、ch as 還有“諸如，例如，像那樣的”的意思，此時(shí)后面跟名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)等。Eg：They bought a lot of fruit, such as apples,oranges,etc.（八）as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句as 可以像which一樣引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用來代表整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，它的先行詞可以是名詞，也可以是不定式短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子。as 在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。此外，有些as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句已成為固定用法，如：As we know As has been said before 如上所述As is known to all As is often the case 像通常那

20、樣As is reported As was expected 正如預(yù)料的那樣Eg： She is very careful, as her work shows. As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.重點(diǎn)比較：as 和which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別1、as 和which 都可以代替整個(gè)句子，當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句置于主句之后時(shí)，as和which可以和互換。Eg：He didnt tell me any news

21、, as/which upset me.2、Which引導(dǎo)的從句，代表的前面的整個(gè)主句時(shí)，不能放在主句之前。而as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，代表整個(gè)主句時(shí)，可以放在主句之前或之后，有時(shí)也可以放在主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間。Eg：As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. = Talks between the two countries, as is reported in the newspapers, are making progress.As與that的區(qū)別 As 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從

22、句表示它的內(nèi)容與主句所講的內(nèi)容相似，即指同類事物；that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示的內(nèi)容與主句相同，即為同一事物。e.g. This is the same pen that I lost yesterday .這正是我昨天丟的鋼筆。 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday .這正像我昨天丟的鋼筆。（九）同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別1、同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)相似，通常位于某一名詞或代詞之后，但兩者存在明顯區(qū)別：同為語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞性成分加以補(bǔ)充說明，是該名詞性成分具體內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)（相當(dāng)于名詞的作用）。That 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞that不在該同位語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)成

23、分，但不能被省略，同位語(yǔ)從句還可以用whether,how等連詞引導(dǎo)（定語(yǔ)從句則不能）。定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞加以限制或修飾，說明先行詞的性質(zhì)或特征（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞的作用），定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在該定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)成分（that在其引導(dǎo)的限定性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)，that可以省略）注意體會(huì)一下三組例句。（1） 第一組 We cant solve the problem how we can travel faster than light .我們解決不了如何才能超過光的速度這個(gè)問題。 I cant remember the problem that they have.

24、我記不得他們的問題了。（2） 第二組 I wont believe the fact that he lied to his mother.我不愿相信他對(duì)他母親撒謊的事實(shí) I wont believe the fact (that) he told me .我不愿相信他告訴我的事實(shí)。（3） 第三組 The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的。The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告訴我的消息是湯姆來年將出國(guó)。三、例題精析例題

25、1.【2011全國(guó)卷I】The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what【解析】C。句意為“獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)將會(huì)頒發(fā)給故事展示了豐富想象力的作者。” 根據(jù)從句不缺成分和它與先行詞的關(guān)系可判斷前后為所屬關(guān)系，選whose作定語(yǔ)。例題2.10全國(guó)I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what【解析】B。從句缺主語(yǔ)

26、，先行詞為物。例題3.【2011江蘇卷】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which 【解析】A。從句不缺任何成分，且先行詞為時(shí)間。例題4.08浙江Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago.A. when B. where C. that D. which【解析】D。從句缺賓語(yǔ)，且為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例題5. (2013陜西)_ i

27、s often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A. It        B. That        C. What        D. As【解析】D。固定搭配“as is often the case”，像通常一樣。例題6. (2012浙江卷)Ellen was a pain

28、ter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A. which B. who C. where D. whom【解析】B。從句缺主語(yǔ)且先行詞為人。四、課堂運(yùn)用【基礎(chǔ)】1.The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which    B. where    C. what    D. in which

29、2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke    B. to who spoke    C. I spoke to      D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed         B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed a

30、t        D. where they stayed 【鞏固】4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which      B. that    C. when    D. on which 5.That is the day _I'll never forget. A. which   

31、  B. on which    C. in which    D. when 6.The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where    B. to which    C. which    D. in which 【拔高】7.Great changes have taken place in the factory _we are w

32、orking since then. A. where    B. that     C. which    D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year    B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year    D. that you talked 9.Can you

33、lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked      B. which you talked C. about that you talked       D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A.with which   B.in which   C.on which  D.by which課

34、程小結(jié)本節(jié)課的知識(shí)點(diǎn)相對(duì)比較多但難度系數(shù)不大，主要是講定語(yǔ)從句的各個(gè)關(guān)系詞具體用法。主要從九個(gè)方面進(jìn)行講解，詳細(xì)講解了定語(yǔ)從句中各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的用法和區(qū)別。本部分的學(xué)習(xí)還是要求學(xué)生掌握關(guān)鍵詞，具體什么時(shí)候需要使用關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞，什么叫做定語(yǔ)從句，希望學(xué)生能夠保持思路清晰，做題的時(shí)候十拿九穩(wěn)。課后作業(yè)【基礎(chǔ)】1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, _ from east to west. Those  _ run from north to south are called avenues.A. running;

35、that   B. run; who C. running; who  D. run; that2. This is the case _ hes had all his money stolen.A. when   B. where C. that    D. on which3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, _ we will enjoy  the Olympic Games in 2008.  A. where &#

36、160;  B. when    C. which    D. how【鞏固】4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything _ .A. that the little girl asks him    B. the little girl asks him toC. for the little girl to ask him    D. what the little girl asks him5. How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?Oh, that's easy.