改變世界的物理學(xué)三

1、2022-3-131改變世界的物理學(xué)改變世界的物理學(xué)( (三三) )- - 狹義相對論狹義相對論武漢大學(xué)，武漢大學(xué)，2011/11/172011/11/171.Maxwell1.Maxwell方程組方程組2.Einstein 19052.Einstein 1905年文章年文章2022-3-132Teaching should be such that what is offered is perceived as a valuable gift and not as a hard duty. A. EinsteinThe mediocre teacher tells. The good tea

2、cher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires.William Arthur WardThe ruler can exert a force on individual pieces of paper !Why ?Charges of the same sign repel one another, and charges of the opposite sign attract one another !The attraction between the glass and the s

3、ilk is a result of some physical entity being transferred from one to the other when they rub together.This physical entity is called electric charge !Model !1780s Luigi Galvani“Animal Electricity”1800 Alessandro Volta“Electromotive Force”ZnAgAgZnWhy ?Why ?1819 OerstedWhy ?NBSvNSBvII1831 FradayWhy ?

4、dVAdD0AdBSAd)tDj (sdHAdtBsdEGauss lawGauss law for magnetic fieldsFaradays law of inductionAmperes circuital lawMaxwells equations (integral and differential): D0 BtBEtDjH0 E0 BtBEt00EBMaxwells equations in vacuumt 022002 EEt001vc 022002 EEt 對任何領(lǐng)域的學(xué)生來說，閱讀相關(guān)對任何領(lǐng)域的學(xué)生來說，閱讀相關(guān)的原始文獻(xiàn)都是極有益處的，因為的原始文獻(xiàn)都是極有益處的，因為處在雛形中的科學(xué)最容易被消化。處在雛形中的科學(xué)最容易被消化。James Clark Maxwell“To understand a science it is necessary to know its history.”August Comte (1789-1857)in “Positive Philosophy”Michelson-Morley Experiment (1887)Ms M2 Ms22cltcv光程差光程差vvclclt122212ccltvMs M1 Msvv干涉儀旋轉(zhuǎn)干涉儀旋轉(zhuǎn) 90o2222clNv條紋條紋 如果存在以太