如何對(duì)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新能力進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)

1、marketingstrict internalcost control,busine ss and i nnovati on performance. -Increa singel ectricityaccess, priceincrease,el ectri city supplyi sguarantee d.In 2012,the companywith coalinvent ory,get rewar ds ofJiangsu provi ncialg overnment pow er to 266 mil lion kWh. Thr ough the"small"

2、 and bilateraltrade, a ccess to electri city 1.69 5billi onk Wh,seeki ng removalcompe nsati onw hent hepower50 million-kilowatt, 116%marketsharein Jiang su Pr ovince ranke dfirst inthe same ca pacit y,the sametype units.Company closely tracked coal li nkage policies on July1 a ndA ugust20respecti ve

3、lyincreasepri ces 2.08minutesand 2.5 points,profitabilityi ncrea sed significa ntly. 公 .Jobgrading,remunerationoflabouragreeme ntsinto long -term contractw orkerscompe nsati onsystem,stim ulating theent husia smofthe staff.-Furtherstre ngthe ning of huma nresource smanage ment.Full impleme ntation o

4、fthe performance appraisalregulations, i ncentive effect.Completethe reservecadreeval uationand sel ection, produce d 10 primaryreserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Impleme ntation ofoperati onstaff inductionga ng system,14 staff如何對(duì)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新能力進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)教育的第五種存在形態(tài)是評(píng)價(jià)（肖川語(yǔ)）。 評(píng)價(jià)有過程性評(píng)價(jià)和終結(jié)性評(píng)價(jià)之分，也有發(fā)展性評(píng)價(jià)與甄

5、別性評(píng)價(jià)之別。教育評(píng)價(jià)是一種價(jià)值判斷，帶有一定的導(dǎo)向、激勵(lì)、調(diào)節(jié)、檢查、甄別、篩選等功能。日本 現(xiàn)代教育學(xué)基礎(chǔ)一書的作者認(rèn)為：“教育評(píng)價(jià)，就是系統(tǒng)地有步驟地從數(shù)量上測(cè)量或從性質(zhì)上描述兒童的學(xué)習(xí)過程與結(jié)果，據(jù)此判定是否達(dá)到了所期望的教育目標(biāo)的一種手段?！庇纱丝梢姡u(píng)價(jià)會(huì)促進(jìn)或抑制學(xué)生創(chuàng)新品質(zhì)的形成，從而影響學(xué)生創(chuàng)新能力的發(fā)展，但評(píng)價(jià)并不能直接使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)新能力。因此，為了培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新意識(shí)，提高學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新能力，必須使教育評(píng)價(jià)科學(xué)化。一、確立科學(xué)的評(píng)價(jià)策略1. 評(píng)價(jià)目的的激勵(lì)性傳統(tǒng)的評(píng)價(jià)觀只著眼于人才的選拔與淘汰?！霸S多世紀(jì)以來，世界各地的教育強(qiáng)調(diào)了一種選拔功能，教師與行政人員的許多精力都用于確定

6、在教育計(jì)劃的每個(gè)重要階段應(yīng)淘汰的學(xué)生?！保ú剪斈?BS-Bloom,1981）。這樣，評(píng)價(jià)就演變成了選拔學(xué)生的工具，評(píng)價(jià)的主要目的在于選拔和淘汰。這種評(píng)價(jià)只重視少數(shù)能升入高一級(jí)學(xué)校的學(xué)生，“教育工作者對(duì)于在教育體系不同階段所淘汰的90%的學(xué)生興趣卑微”（布魯姆（B S- Bloom,1981）。這些被淘汰的學(xué)生帶著種種遺憾和失敗的心理體驗(yàn)走向了社會(huì)，他們很少能體會(huì)到成功的甘甜，對(duì)自己和未來缺乏充分的信心，因而他們不可能以一種積極向上的態(tài)度去對(duì)待工作和生活，這樣就直接影響了他們的創(chuàng)新欲望和創(chuàng)新能力的形成。marketingstrict internalcost control,busine ss

7、 and i nnovati on performance.-Increa singel ectricityaccess, priceincrease,el ectri city supplyi sguarantee d.In 2012,the companywith coalinvent ory,get rewar ds ofJiangsu provi ncialg overnment pow er to 266 mil lion kWh. Thr ough the"small" and bilateraltrade, a ccess to electri city 1.

8、695 billi onk Wh,seeki ng removalcompe nsati onw hent hepower50 million-kilowatt, 116%marketsharein Jiang su Pr ovince ranke dfirst inthe same ca pacit y,the sametype units.Company closely tracked coal li nkage policies on July1 a ndA ugust20respecti velyincreasepri ces 2.08minutesand 2.5 points,pro

9、fitabilityi ncrea sed significa ntly. 公 .Jobgrading,remunerationoflabouragreeme ntsinto long -term contractw orkerscompe nsati onsystem,stim ulating theent husia smofthe staff.-Furtherstre ngthe ning of huma nresource smanage ment.Full impleme ntation ofthe performance appraisalregulations, i ncenti

10、ve effect.Completethe reservecadreeval uationand sel ection, produce d 10 primaryreserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Impleme ntation ofoperati onstaff inductionga ng system,14 staffposts be pr omoted.Stre ngthe ningt hecultivation ofprofessi onalte chnicall eaders,sele cted coverage 9 13

11、factory-l evelprofessionaland technicalleaders.Toenhancestaffskills training, 8stafftechni cians.Labor contra ctlawcomplia nce ,contracts of up to 100%. -Starteam -buildi ngtoadv ance furt her.E stablish a"holdi ng systemimplementation,a nd promoti ng thew hole" team-buildi ng goals,streng

12、then group management. Team buildi ng into a performancerevie w, pr omoting t he constr uction ofthe starteamdepth.Thisyear, respe ctively,1 tra ck,4teamfourstarratedfive-starbyData ng andthe team.Four, insists on "six cultural construction of" harmonious developme nt,reallygoodjob ofparty

13、construction andthe indepe nde nt Commission against corr uption,stre ngtheningthe huma nisti ccare a nd psychol ogical counse ling, theenter prise cultureconstr uctiontoa newl evel.-Buil ding ofenterpri seculturei sfruitful. Compani es adhere t o theShenhualea d ofcorporatecult ure,culture of respo

14、nsibility at thecore,to safetyculture,aculture oflearni ng,ethical culture,cost culture cultur esystem-assisted,through various culturalintegration, has boostedbusi ness centre, t hisyearha swon the"Chinese culturalmanagement advanced unit","NationalAdva nce d Unit i nthe buil dingof

15、enter prise cultureof reform andopening up30" a nd ot herhonorarytitles.The liabilityofthe com panyculture :solving manageme ntproblem sof cor porate culture pr oje ct was awarde dthe CECnati onal electri cpowerenter prise culture achievementawardofexcellence.The accident earlywarning andpreven

16、tionsystem wasratedasChina's powerofinnovationmanag ement,innovati on manageme ntofelectri cpower enter prisei nJiangsu Provi nce.-Partyand theindependent Commissi on agai nst corrupti on continues to stre ngthen.Was carried out to "maintain現(xiàn)代教育評(píng)價(jià)更注重學(xué)生的發(fā)展?！敖逃幕竟δ苁鞘箓€(gè)人獲得發(fā)展，學(xué)校的中心任務(wù)是：發(fā)展能使學(xué)生在一個(gè)

17、復(fù)雜社會(huì)中有效生活的那些特性?！?（布魯姆，1981年），評(píng)價(jià)的目的就演變?yōu)榇龠M(jìn)每一個(gè)學(xué)生的全面、和諧地發(fā)展。實(shí)際上，這里有三層含義：第一，促進(jìn)每一個(gè)學(xué)生的發(fā)展。對(duì)于任何一個(gè)學(xué)生個(gè)體而言，他均存在著創(chuàng)造的潛能， 正確的評(píng)價(jià)能激勵(lì)學(xué)生發(fā)揮自己的潛能，并把這種潛能運(yùn)用到創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)中去，創(chuàng)造出有個(gè)人價(jià)值的創(chuàng)造性產(chǎn)品，從而使創(chuàng)造能力由隱性轉(zhuǎn)化為顯性；學(xué)生時(shí)代的創(chuàng)造將對(duì)他一生均會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極的影響，而一個(gè)由充滿創(chuàng)造力個(gè)體所組成的社會(huì)無疑將具有更強(qiáng)大的創(chuàng)造力，這是顯而易見的事實(shí)。第二，促進(jìn)學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展。就是學(xué)生的德、智、體、美、勞等諸方面都要發(fā)展，不要偏廢。在一個(gè)復(fù)雜社會(huì)中有效地生活，僅有“智”是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的

18、，僅有“智”里面單純的對(duì)知識(shí)的記憶、背誦、訓(xùn)練與復(fù)現(xiàn)更是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。它需要有一個(gè)完整、全面、系統(tǒng)的素質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)。這種素質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)有利于學(xué)生長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)創(chuàng)新能力的形成。而正確的評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)這種理想素質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的形成不僅會(huì)有極大的激勵(lì)作用，更會(huì)有強(qiáng)大的導(dǎo)向作用。第三，促進(jìn)學(xué)生的和諧發(fā)展。所謂和諧發(fā)展，實(shí)際包含兩個(gè)方面。一是學(xué)生自身各個(gè)方面的和諧發(fā)展，全面發(fā)展不等于平均發(fā)展，樣樣都好，每個(gè)學(xué)生的先天因素和后天生長(zhǎng)條件均有一定的差異，因此，不存在兩個(gè)所有特點(diǎn)都一致的學(xué)生個(gè)體，我們不僅要承認(rèn)這種差異，而且還應(yīng)歡迎這種差異，因?yàn)檫@正是社會(huì)豐富多彩的表現(xiàn)（愛因斯坦語(yǔ)）。正確的評(píng)價(jià)應(yīng)讓每個(gè)學(xué)生充分利用各種因素，大力挖掘自身的潛能，形成

19、有個(gè)人特色的興趣、愛好和特長(zhǎng)。二是學(xué)生自身發(fā)展與教育環(huán)境（家庭環(huán)境、學(xué)校環(huán)境和社會(huì)環(huán)境）的和諧發(fā)展，通過評(píng)價(jià)的導(dǎo)向作用和調(diào)控作用，實(shí)現(xiàn)各種教育力量的有機(jī)結(jié)合，真正“創(chuàng)造適合于兒童的教育”。一個(gè)和諧發(fā)展的學(xué)生可能學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)不marketingstrict internalcostcontrol, busine ss and i nnovati on performance. -Increa singel ectricityaccess, priceincrease,el ectri city supplyi sguarantee d.In 2012,the companywith coalinve

20、nt ory,get rewar ds ofJiangsu provi ncialg overnment pow er to 266 mil lion kWh. Thr ough the"small" and bilateraltrade, a ccess to electri city 1.695 billi onk Wh,seeki ng removalcompe nsati onw hent hepower50 million-kilowatt, 116%marketsharein Jiang su Pr ovince ranke dfirst inthe same

21、ca pacit y,the sametype units.Company closely tracked coal li nkage policies on July1 a ndA ugust20respecti velyincreasepri ces 2.08minutesand 2.5 points,profitabilityi ncrea sed significa ntly. 公 .Jobgrading,remunerationoflabouragreeme ntsinto long -term contractw orkerscompe nsati onsystem,stim ul

22、ating theent husia smofthe staff.-Furtherstre ngthe ning of huma nresource smanage ment.Full impleme ntation ofthe performance appraisalregulations, i ncentive effect.Completethe reservecadreeval uationand sel ection, produce d 10 primaryreserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Impleme ntatio

23、n ofoperati onstaff inductionga ng system,14 staffposts be pr omoted.Stre ngthe ningt hecultivation ofprofessi onalte chnicall eaders,sele cted coverage 9 13factory-l evelprofessionaland technicalleaders.Toenhancestaffskills training, 8stafftechni cians.Labor contra ctlawcomplia nce ,contracts of up

24、 to 100%.-Starteam-buildi ngtoadv ance furt her.E stablish a"holdi ng systemimplementation,a nd promoti ng thew hole" team -buildi ng goals,strengthen group management. Team buildi ng into a performancerevie w, pr omoting t he constr uction ofthe starteamdepth.Thisyear, respe ctively,1 tra

25、 ck,4teamfourstarratedfive-starbyData ng andthe team.Four, insists on "six cultural construction of" harmonious developme nt,reallygoodjob ofpartyconstruction andthe indepe nde nt Commission against corruption,stre ngtheningthe huma nisti ccare a nd psychol ogical counse ling, theenter pri

26、se cultureconstr uctiont oa newlevel.-Building ofenterpri seculturei sfruitful. Compani es adhere t o theShenhualea d ofcorporatecult ure,culture of responsibility at thecore,to safetyculture,aculture oflearni ng,ethical culture,cost culture cultur esystem-assisted,through various culturalintegratio

27、n, has boostedbusi ness centre,t hisyearha swon the"Chinese culturalmanagement advanced unit","NationalAdva nce d Unit i n the buil dingof enter prise cultureof reform andopening up30" a nd ot herhonorarytitles.The liabilityofthe com panyculture :solving manageme ntproblem sof co

28、r porate culture pr oje ct was awarde dthe CECnati onal electri cpowerenter prise culture achievementawardofexcellence.The accident earlywarning andpreventionsystem wasratedasChina's powerofinnovationmanag ement,innovati on manageme ntofelectri cpower enter prisei nJiangsu Provi nce.-Partyand th

29、eindependent Commissi on agai nst corrupti on continues to stre ngthen.Was carried out to "maintain一定十分優(yōu)秀，但他自己總有某些值得他引以為驕傲和自豪的特質(zhì)，這些特質(zhì)最終將成為他事業(yè)成功的基礎(chǔ)，并在他熱愛的領(lǐng)域取得更多、更大的創(chuàng)造。2、評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容的全面性與系統(tǒng)性評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容的全面性是全面教育質(zhì)量觀決定的，要改變受片面教育質(zhì)量觀影響及短期利益驅(qū)動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生的只重視學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的評(píng)價(jià)，忽略德、體、美、勞等方面評(píng)價(jià)，在學(xué)習(xí)水平評(píng)價(jià)中只重視考試分?jǐn)?shù)，而忽略全面的知識(shí)、技能和能力評(píng)價(jià)的局面。評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容的系統(tǒng)性是

30、建立在評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容的全面性基礎(chǔ)之上的。沒有全面性就談不上系統(tǒng)性，但全面性不等同于系統(tǒng)性。評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容的全面性和系統(tǒng)性有助于學(xué)生形成智力因素與非智力因素全面、完善、協(xié)調(diào)的素質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)，這不僅使他們學(xué)生時(shí)代的創(chuàng)造活動(dòng)成為可能，更為他將來走向社會(huì)，進(jìn)行更高水平的創(chuàng)造活動(dòng)打下了雄厚的基礎(chǔ)。評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容的全面性與系統(tǒng)性為評(píng)價(jià)方式的多樣化創(chuàng)造了條件，隨著評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容的豐富，評(píng)價(jià)方式也越來越多，從而改變了評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容單一、評(píng)價(jià)方式雷同的局面。這樣，評(píng)價(jià)就可以從多側(cè)面、多角度為學(xué)生提供進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化自己行為的信息，使學(xué)生樂于接受評(píng)價(jià)，并在此過程中不斷獲得多方面的進(jìn)步，不斷地實(shí)現(xiàn)自我，超越自我，實(shí)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新。評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容的全面性與系統(tǒng)性有助于學(xué)生

31、樹立信心，形成特長(zhǎng)。實(shí)際上，傳統(tǒng)觀念中學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)失敗的學(xué)生只是用筆答的形式考察知識(shí)記憶這種考試方式的失敗者，他們的聽說能力、動(dòng)手能力可能比筆試成績(jī)高的學(xué)生還要強(qiáng)。所以，這種全面系統(tǒng)的評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容為每一個(gè)學(xué)生提供了多次展示個(gè)人的機(jī)會(huì)，使學(xué)生在不同方面實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人的價(jià)值，獲得成功，從而使學(xué)生既發(fā)揮了他的優(yōu)勢(shì)和長(zhǎng)處，又在一定程度上彌補(bǔ)了他的不足。一個(gè)學(xué)生不可能樣樣都強(qiáng)，但也很少有人樣樣都弱，關(guān)鍵是要形成一種最佳的結(jié)構(gòu)組合，使之在將來成為各種類型的創(chuàng)造性人才。marketingstrict internalcost control,busine ss and i nnovati on performance.

32、-Increa singel ectricityaccess, priceincrease,el ectri city supplyi sguarantee d.In 2012,the companywith coalinvent ory,get rewar ds ofJiangsu provi ncialg overnment pow er to 266 mil lion kWh. Thr ough the"small" and bilateraltrade, a ccess to electri city 1.695 billi onk Wh,seeki ng remo

33、valcompe nsati onw hent hepower50 million-kilowatt, 116%marketsharein Jiang su Pr ovince ranke dfirst inthe same ca pacit y,the sametype units.Company closely tracked coal li nkage policies on July1 a ndA ugust20respecti velyincreasepri ces 2.08minutesand 2.5 points,profitabilityi ncrea sed signific

34、a ntly. 公 .Jobgrading,remunerationoflabouragreeme ntsinto long -term contractw orkerscompe nsati onsystem,stim ulating theent husia smofthe staff.-Furtherstre ngthe ning of huma nresource smanage ment.Full impleme ntation ofthe performance appraisalregulations, i ncentive effect.Completethe reservec

35、adreeval uationand sel ection, produce d 10 primaryreserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Impleme ntation ofoperati onstaff inductionga ng system,14 staffposts be pr omoted.Stre ngthe ningt hecultivation ofprofessi onalte chnicall eaders,sele cted coverage 9 13factory-l evelprofessionaland

36、technicalleaders.Toenhancestaffskills training, 8stafftechni cians.Labor contra ctlawcomplia nce ,contracts of up to 100%.-Starteam -buildi ngtoadv ance furt her.E stablish a"holdi ng systemimplementation,a nd promoti ng thew hole" team-buildi ng goals,strengthen group management. Team bui

37、ldi ng into a performancerevie w, pr omoting t he constr uction ofthe starteamdepth.Thisyear, respe ctively,1 tra ck,4teamfourstarratedfive-starbyData ng andthe team.Four, insists on "six cultural construction of" harmonious developme nt,reallygoodjob ofpartyconstruction andthe indepe nde

38、nt Commission against corr uption,stre ngtheningthe huma nisti ccare a nd psychol ogical counse ling, theenter prise cultureconstr uctiontoa newlevel.-Buil ding ofenterpri seculturei sfruitful. Compani es adhere t o theShenhualea d ofcorporatecult ure,culture of responsibility at thecore,to safetycu

39、lture,aculture oflearni ng,ethical culture,cost culture cultur esystem-assisted,through various culturalintegration, has boostedbusi ness centre, t hisyearha swon the"Chinese culturalmanagement advanced unit","NationalAdva nce d Unit i nthe buil dingof enter prise cultureof reform and

40、opening up30" a nd ot herhonorarytitles.The liabilityofthe com panyculture :solving manageme ntproblem sof cor porate culture pr oje ct was awarde dthe CECnati onal electri cpowerenter prise culture achievementawardofexcellence.The accident earlywarning andpreventionsystem wasratedasChina's

41、 powerofinnovationmanag ement,innovati on manageme ntofelectri cpower enter prisei nJiangsu Provi nce.-Partyand theindependent Commissi on agai nst corrupti on continues to stre ngthen.Was carried out to "maintain3. 評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的科學(xué)化教育評(píng)價(jià)按照評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可分為絕對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)、相對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)和個(gè)體內(nèi)差異評(píng)價(jià)。很顯然，評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)采用不同的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)學(xué)生創(chuàng)造能力的形成會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的效果。首先，應(yīng)

42、大力倡導(dǎo)個(gè)體內(nèi)差異評(píng)價(jià)法。個(gè)體內(nèi)差異評(píng)價(jià)法是將評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象學(xué)生自身為參照點(diǎn)的一種評(píng)價(jià)類型。它是將評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象的現(xiàn)在與過去進(jìn)行比較，或者將評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象的若干側(cè)面進(jìn)行比較。一位過去各方面表現(xiàn)較差的學(xué)生，最近有了一些進(jìn)步，我們就可以以他過去的表現(xiàn)為評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)他現(xiàn)在的表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，這個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果是跟他自己比較得來的；另一種情況是把被評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象的若干側(cè)面進(jìn)行比較。個(gè)體內(nèi)差異評(píng)價(jià)法學(xué)生創(chuàng)新能力的形成。一方面，它是以個(gè)體內(nèi)差異為基礎(chǔ)的，評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)充分考慮了評(píng)價(jià)者的個(gè)性差異，因而更符合學(xué)生的實(shí)際，這有利于學(xué)生自身潛能的發(fā)揮，有利于創(chuàng)造性思維、特別是發(fā)散思維的形成與發(fā)展，有利于求知欲、好奇心及成功感的形成。另一方面，在評(píng)價(jià)過程中

43、不會(huì)給被評(píng)價(jià)者造成過重的心理壓力，有利于學(xué)生樹立自信心和自尊心、自豪感，有利于形成豐富的想像力，有利于形成學(xué)生見機(jī)行事的心態(tài)，從而不斷地投入到新的創(chuàng)造活動(dòng)中去。個(gè)體內(nèi)差異評(píng)價(jià)法要求被評(píng)價(jià)者要有全新的教育質(zhì)量觀和教育價(jià)值觀。于永正老師在給他所教學(xué)生的習(xí)字判分時(shí)，仔細(xì)到每個(gè)字的每一筆，盡量給每個(gè)學(xué)生多一些紅圈圈，以激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣，結(jié)果他所教學(xué)生寫字水平明顯比以前提高。其次，靈活地運(yùn)用絕對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)法。絕對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)指在評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象的集合之外，以某預(yù)定目標(biāo)為客觀參照點(diǎn)（客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），在評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)，把評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象與客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行比較，評(píng)價(jià)每一個(gè)學(xué)生的到達(dá)程度，故又稱作到達(dá)度評(píng)價(jià)或客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)價(jià)。絕對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比較客觀，如果評(píng)價(jià)是準(zhǔn)確

44、的，那么評(píng)價(jià)之后，每個(gè)學(xué)生可以明確與客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的差距，若這個(gè)差距值不大，會(huì)激勵(lì)他們積極上進(jìn)，評(píng)價(jià)法最大的問題是客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)很難做到真正客觀。ecurit y, profit,maintain stabilitya nd promote harmonious deve lopme nt"as the mai nconte nt of the"threeg uarantee s" theme pra ctice a ctivitiesa nd "stressing partyspirit,toconduct, forexample"campaign,pa

45、rty andfurtherimprovement ofthe level ofwork. Staffpartici patingint he honest and clean cultureconstr ucti onseminars, staff's sense ofpr obity a nd e nhance d. Fo unded byhonest i nspect ors team composed of12empl oyeest obroa denthe channel sofsupervi sion.Adheretoesta blish "fourgood&qu

46、ot; lea dershi p a ctivities,staffsatisfaction rateof98% tothe team.-Group work dynamic. Promoti ng the openne ss offactoryAffairs, pr oposalfora l ove letterbox,to thevitalinterests ofthestaffTrade Uni on delegation leadermeetingofthe26sy stem todi scussa nd safeguardt heirdem ocratic rig hts. Im p

47、rovetheorgani zationalstructure ofthe missi on,thew orkofstre ngtheni ng. Organize mai ntena nce l abor emulationa nd "healt hCup" competiti on,e nhance thesk ills ofstaff.Organized avariety ofcultural activities, phy sicaland me ntalhealt h care staff,tocreate aharmoniousatmosphere.During

48、 the We nchua n earthquake,donate dallthemarketingstrict internalcostcontrol, busine ss and i nnovati on performance. -Increa singel ectricityaccess, priceincrease,el ectri city supplyi sguarantee d.In 2012,the companywith coalinvent ory,get rewar ds ofJiangsu provi ncialg overnment pow er to 266 mi

49、l lion kWh. Thr ough the"small" and bilateraltrade, a ccess to electri city 1.695 billi onk Wh,seeki ng removalcompe nsati onw hent hepower50 million-kilowatt, 116%marketsharein Jiang su Pr ovince ranke dfirst inthe same ca pacit y,the sametype units.Company closely tracked coal li nkage p

50、olicies on July1 a ndA ugust20respecti velyincreasepri ces 2.08minutesand 2.5 points,profitabilityi ncrea sed significa ntly. 公 .Jobgrading,remunerationoflabouragreeme ntsinto long -term contractw orkerscompe nsati onsystem,stim ulating theent husia smofthe staff.-Furtherstre ngthe ning of huma nres

51、ource smanage ment.Full impleme ntation ofthe performance appraisalregulations, i ncentive effect.Completethe reservecadreeval uationand sel ection, produce d 10 primaryreserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Impleme ntation ofoperati onstaff inductionga ng system,14 staffposts be pr omoted.

52、Stre ngthe ningt hecultivation ofprofessi onalte chnicall eaders,sele cted coverage 9 13factory-l evelprofessionaland technicalleaders.Toenhancestaffskills training, 8stafftechni cians.Labor contra ctlawcomplia nce ,contracts of up to 100%.-Starteam -buildi ngtoadv ance furt her.E stablish a"ho

53、ldi ng systemimplementation,a nd promoti ng thew hole" team -buildi ng goals,strengthen group management. Team buildi ng into a performancerevie w, pr omoting t he constr uction ofthe starteamdepth.Thisyear, respe ctively,1 tra ck,4teamfourstarratedfive-starbyData ng andthe team.Four, insists o

54、n "six cultural construction of" harmonious developme nt,reallygoodjob ofpartyconstruction andthe indepe nde nt Commission against corruption,stre ngtheningthe huma nisti ccare a nd psychol ogical counse ling, theenter prise cultureconstr uctiont oa newlevel.-Buil ding ofenterpri seculture

55、i sfruitful. Compani es adhere t o theShenhualea d ofcorporatecult ure,culture of responsibility at thecore,to safetyculture,aculture oflearni ng,ethical culture,cost culture cultur esystem-assisted,through various culturalintegration, has boostedbusi ness centre,t hisyearha swon the"Chinese cu

56、lturalmanagement advanced unit","NationalAdva nce d Unit i n the buil dingof enter prise cultureof reform andopening up30" a nd ot herhonorarytitles.The liabilityofthe com panyculture :solving manageme ntproblem sof cor porate culture pr oje ct was awarde dthe CECnati onal electri cpo

57、werenter prise culture achievementawardofexcellence.The accident earlywarning andpreventionsystem wasratedasChina's powerofinnovationmanag ement,innovati on manageme ntofelectri cpower enter prisei nJiangsu Provi nce.-Partyand theindependent Commissi on agai nst corrupti on continues to stre ngt

58、hen.Was carried out to "maintain再次， 慎重應(yīng)用相對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)法。相對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)指在某一集合中（如班集、學(xué)校、 地區(qū)等） ，以這個(gè)集合的平均狀況為基準(zhǔn)，然后把各個(gè)平均對(duì)象與評(píng)價(jià)進(jìn)行比較，評(píng)價(jià)每一個(gè)學(xué)生在這個(gè)集合中所處的相對(duì)位置，因而又稱作相互參照評(píng)價(jià)。相對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)具有適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、應(yīng)用面廣大亨優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但也有。一方面，它只表示學(xué)生在集合中所處的相對(duì)位置，無法真正表示其實(shí)際水平；另一方面，它以正態(tài)理論為基礎(chǔ)，評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果必然要有尖子生和后進(jìn)生，易造成學(xué)生間激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，對(duì)后進(jìn)生的發(fā)展更為不利。相對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)促進(jìn)了少數(shù)成績(jī)好學(xué)生的提高，但也使他們承受著過重的心理壓力，總有一種想贏怕輸?shù)乃枷耄?/p>

59、他們的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展及創(chuàng)新能力的培養(yǎng)，相對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)造成了大批的失敗者，因?yàn)槊看慰荚?，即便某位同學(xué)考了95 分，與客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求相當(dāng)小，但他可能是最后一名。這“倒數(shù)第一”對(duì)學(xué)生心態(tài)的影響是巨大的，并可能持續(xù)相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間，這會(huì)對(duì)創(chuàng)新能力的培養(yǎng)產(chǎn)生不小的負(fù)面影響。所以，在中小學(xué)階段，相對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)法要謹(jǐn)慎使用。二、設(shè)計(jì)科學(xué)的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（一）體現(xiàn)學(xué)生主體地位的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1. 在課堂教學(xué)中學(xué)生的主體地位，首先應(yīng)當(dāng)體現(xiàn)為每個(gè)學(xué)生都能根據(jù)自己發(fā)展的需要得到充分的學(xué)習(xí)；為此，教師在課堂教學(xué)中要體現(xiàn)學(xué)生的主體地位，就要根據(jù)學(xué)生關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)要求的信息，及時(shí)調(diào)整自己的教學(xué)，以滿足每個(gè)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)需要；這是體現(xiàn)學(xué)生在課堂教學(xué)中主體地位的實(shí)質(zhì)問題。2. 評(píng)價(jià)教師在課堂教學(xué)中體現(xiàn)學(xué)生主體地位這項(xiàng)指標(biāo)，新課標(biāo)中設(shè)計(jì)了兩方面的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。一是，教師教學(xué)滿足學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的要求。這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的評(píng)價(jià)，通過學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)要求的反饋系統(tǒng)（中小學(xué)教育評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)部分）實(shí)現(xiàn)。在教學(xué)過程中，每個(gè)學(xué)生都隨時(shí)把自己學(xué)習(xí)的要求，通過反饋系統(tǒng)反饋給教師，教師根據(jù)