定語(yǔ)從句講解PPT最全

1、 定語(yǔ)從句高考考點(diǎn)例析定語(yǔ)從句高考考點(diǎn)例析The best way you can get 2021/3/92Complex sentence 復(fù)合句：復(fù)合句：由由連詞連詞連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，其中一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的句子，其中一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的的主要部分（主句）主要部分（主句），另一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只在句子中作，另一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只在句子中作某個(gè)成分某個(gè)成分（如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、（如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)）。、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)）。復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 = =主句主句+定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的的主要部分（主句）主

2、要部分（主句）另一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)另一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只在句子中作只在句子中作某個(gè)成分（定語(yǔ)）某個(gè)成分（定語(yǔ)）The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.主句主語(yǔ)主句主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)從句謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)主句謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)主句謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)2021/3/93在句子中作在句子中作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)，修飾，修飾名詞名詞或或代詞代詞的從句。這種從句由的從句。這種從句由關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞或或關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，并作句子成分。引導(dǎo)，并作句子成分。 定語(yǔ)從句還叫做定語(yǔ)從句還叫做嵌入句嵌入句，因形容詞定語(yǔ)，所以又稱(chēng)之為因形容詞定語(yǔ)，所以

3、又稱(chēng)之為形容詞性從句形容詞性從句。Attributive clause:定語(yǔ)從句的位置：通常在先行詞（在主句中）后。定語(yǔ)從句的位置：通常在先行詞（在主句中）后。2021/3/94語(yǔ)法講解語(yǔ)法講解 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句（the attributive clause） 被定語(yǔ)從句限定的詞是被定語(yǔ)從句限定的詞是_ ，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做從句的詞叫做 _ 或或 _。 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有三大作用，即關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有三大作用，即連接連接（連接定語(yǔ)從句和主句）、（連接定語(yǔ)從句和主句）、替代替代（替代前面的（替代前面的 先行詞）、先行詞）、成分成分（在定語(yǔ)從句中要充當(dāng)一定的（在定語(yǔ)從句中要充當(dāng)一定

4、的句子成分）。句子成分）。在復(fù)合句中，充當(dāng)在復(fù)合句中，充當(dāng)_ 用的從句是定語(yǔ)從句用的從句是定語(yǔ)從句“先行詞先行詞”“關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”“關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞”形容詞形容詞2021/3/95The boy who is reading is Tom.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞2021/3/96先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called To

5、m.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whosein the school = where關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞先行詞2021/3/97Join the following sen

6、tences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)the machinea machinethat /which2021/3/98Revision1 relative pronoun 關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞指代指代在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)脑诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞殖煞秩巳宋镂锞渥泳渥又髡Z(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)whowhomwhichthatwhose2021/3/99relative adverb關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞指代指代所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞炙洚?dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謜henwherewhytimeplacer

7、eason時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)2021/3/910一一. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法和注意點(diǎn)關(guān)系代詞的基本用法和注意點(diǎn)1. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 指代的先指代的先行詞行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分充當(dāng)從句的成分who人人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whom人人賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)which物物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)that人或物人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whose人或物人或物定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)2021/3/911 who指人指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。The man (who) I talked with i

8、s our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.whom指人指人, ,在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略略。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.2021/3/912 which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder （which） he is using ismade in Japa

9、n. 2021/3/913He is the man (that) I told you about.that 指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.2021/3/914whose指人或物指人或物, 在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ) 。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the

10、great earthquake.2021/3/9152. 關(guān)系代詞的用法注意點(diǎn)關(guān)系代詞的用法注意點(diǎn) (1) that (1) that指物時(shí)一般可以與指物時(shí)一般可以與whichwhich互換，但在下列情況互換，但在下列情況引導(dǎo)詞只用引導(dǎo)詞只用thatthat，不用，不用whichwhich。 當(dāng)先行詞為當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，如：等不定代詞時(shí)，如： a. All that can be done has been done. b. I am sure s

11、he has something (that) you can borrow. c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender. 先行詞被先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí)： Ive read all the books (that) you gave me.2021/3/916先行詞是先行詞是序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞或或形容詞最高級(jí)形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。修飾時(shí)。This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.This is the

12、first composition (that) he has written in English.先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the last the only, the very, the last 修飾時(shí)。修飾時(shí)。That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.This is the very book (that) I want to find. 當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物人和物的先行詞時(shí)，這個(gè)定的先行詞時(shí)，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句要用語(yǔ)從句要用thatthat而不用而不用w

13、ho (whom)who (whom)和和whichwhich引導(dǎo)。如：引導(dǎo)。如：He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.2021/3/917先行詞是疑問(wèn)詞先行詞是疑問(wèn)詞who, which, what 時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用that而不用而不用who, (whom)和和which引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Which of us that knows something about physics does not know

14、 this?What that is on the table belongs to me? 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)： Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. 2021/3/918WhichWhich可以引導(dǎo)可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，可用于，可用于介詞介詞后，其后，其先行詞可是一個(gè)詞先行詞可是一個(gè)詞, ,也可是整個(gè)也可是整個(gè)主句或主句的某一部分主句或主句的某一部分。 1 She hear

15、d a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it B B 2021/3/919(3) whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句注意點(diǎn)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句注意點(diǎn)whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)。詞短語(yǔ)。 whose與它所修飾的名詞一起可以作

16、介詞的賓語(yǔ)。與它所修飾的名詞一起可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部門(mén)的老板已經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)他工作所在部門(mén)的老板已經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)了這個(gè)消息。了這個(gè)消息。2021/3/920whose的先行詞指物時(shí)，可用的先行詞指物時(shí)，可用of which代替，但語(yǔ)代替，但語(yǔ)序不同，即序不同，即whose+名詞名詞 = the+名詞名詞+of which，或，或= of which + the + 名詞。如：名詞。如：The novel whose title (= the title of which或或of

17、 which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting. whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞既可以指人引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞既可以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。2021/3/921whose的先行詞指人時(shí)，可用的先行詞指人時(shí)，可用of whom代替，代替，但語(yǔ)序不同，即但語(yǔ)序不同，即whose+名詞名詞 = the+名詞名詞+of whom，或，或= of whom + the + 名詞。如：名詞。如：The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或或of whom the mother) is a d

18、octor is my friend.2021/3/922二二. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where和和why的用法的用法關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞指代的先行詞指代的先行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分充當(dāng)從句的成分when表時(shí)間的名詞表時(shí)間的名詞/名詞詞組名詞詞組時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where表地點(diǎn)的名詞表地點(diǎn)的名詞/名詞詞組名詞詞組地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why表原因的名詞表原因的名詞原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)2021/3/923用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)，先行詞指時(shí)間，時(shí)，先行詞指時(shí)間，when在定在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，when可換成可換成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞”。如：。如：I still reme

19、mber the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.1. when2021/3/924用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞where時(shí)，先行詞指地點(diǎn)，時(shí)，先行詞指地點(diǎn)，where在定在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，where可換成可換成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞”。如：。如：This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.

20、The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2. where2021/3/925用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞why時(shí)，先行詞指原因，時(shí)，先行詞指原因，why在定語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，why可換成可換成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代關(guān)系代詞詞”。如：。如：There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (=

21、 for which) he was late for school.3. why2021/3/9264. 關(guān)系副詞的用法注意點(diǎn)關(guān)系副詞的用法注意點(diǎn)(1)當(dāng)先行詞為當(dāng)先行詞為time，表示，表示“次數(shù)次數(shù)”時(shí)，應(yīng)用時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞that 或省略。如：或省略。如：This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.(2)當(dāng)當(dāng)point, situation, position, case,stage等詞等詞作先行詞表示作先行詞表示“情況，境地，場(chǎng)合情況，境地，場(chǎng)合”等意思時(shí)，等意思時(shí)，其后常由其后常由whe

22、re引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，where在句中作在句中作狀語(yǔ)。如：狀語(yǔ)。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?2021/3/927鞏固練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空鞏固練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place _ (_ _) I came. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?whenon which

23、wherefrom whichwhyfor which2021/3/928 4) Is this the room _(_ _) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _ (_ _) we used “foreign oil”. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many problems.wherein whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere2021/3/929對(duì)比練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空對(duì)比練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. The ro

24、om _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)2021/3/9302. I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.when/on which(that/which)2021/3/931 The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(th

25、at/which)why/for which3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.2021/3/932如何判定用如何判定用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞還是用還是用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞1 1、找出定語(yǔ)從句中是否、找出定語(yǔ)從句中是否主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都齊全主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都齊全。如齊全。如齊全用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞。 用什么關(guān)系副詞看先行詞。用什么關(guān)系副詞看先行詞。I will never forget the days (_ I stayed with you).when_Jurassic Park is about

26、 a park _ (a very rich man keeps differentKinds of dinosaurs)._where1958 was the year _ (Spielberg made his first real film)._Please give me the reason _ (you made such a great success)._whenwhyMorning is the best time _ (you practise reading aloud)._whenDo you remember the lake _ (you first met you

27、r girlfriend.）_where2021/3/9332 2、如定語(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ)，確定定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不是及物、如定語(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ)，確定定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不是及物 動(dòng)詞，如是，用動(dòng)詞，如是，用關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系代詞，如不是，用如不是，用關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞。如何判定用如何判定用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞還是用還是用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 Yesterday we went to visit the house _ (the great writer used to live)._wherein whichThe house _ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the

28、earthquake.which that /_ _Luckily none of the people _ ( I know) were killed in the earthquake. whowhom that /_ _My father was born in the year _(the Second World War broke out)._in whichwhen2021/3/9343 3、如定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，有主語(yǔ)，則用、如定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，有主語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞。Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers

29、 are seen all the year round).whereOctober 1st is the day _ ( new China was founded).whenThe window ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.Which thatThe meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important.Which that如何判定用如何判定用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞還是用還是用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞2021/3/935考點(diǎn)二：考點(diǎn)二：as與與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)這兩個(gè)

30、詞作如下歸納：對(duì)這兩個(gè)詞作如下歸納： 1、如果定語(yǔ)放主句后，即引用、如果定語(yǔ)放主句后，即引用as也可以用也可以用which. He failed to the exam, as (=which) is natural. She seems a scientist, as (=which) in fact she is. Grammar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before. 2 2、如果從句在主句前，這時(shí)要用、如果從句在主句前，這時(shí)要用asas而不用而不用whichwhich引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) 定語(yǔ)從句。如：定語(yǔ)從句。如： As we al

31、l know, his parents were killed in the war.As we all know, the earth is round.2021/3/9363.用于用于the sameas,suchas，asas, soas中，中，一般用一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思時(shí)，有代表前面主句意思時(shí)，有“正如正如”之意，而之意，而which沒(méi)有沒(méi)有此意思，從句中的動(dòng)詞常是此意思，從句中的動(dòng)詞常

32、是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。等。 He won the match, as we had expected. He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected. The police were looking for him, as he thought.考點(diǎn)二：考點(diǎn)二：as與與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.2021/3/9375. as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面常接

33、行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為等，如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般要用動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般要用which作主語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.6.如果從句的內(nèi)容對(duì)主句內(nèi)容起著消極作用，或者說(shuō)導(dǎo)致如果從句的內(nèi)容對(duì)主句內(nèi)容起著消極作用，或者說(shuō)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，則用的結(jié)果，則用which.a. He cheated his friend of mach money, whi

34、ch was very disgraceful.b. He came back late, which made his mother worried.考點(diǎn)二：考點(diǎn)二：as與與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句2021/3/938考點(diǎn)三：關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定如何選定介詞如何選定介詞:1.根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如

35、：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.2021/3/9394.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可用用“數(shù)詞數(shù)詞/代詞代詞 + of + 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our c

36、lass, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.5. Whose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”型，如：型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.考點(diǎn)三：關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定2021/3/9

37、40 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)目梢杂眠m當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~介詞+which來(lái)替代。來(lái)替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 介詞的位置非常靈活，有時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時(shí)放在動(dòng)介詞的位置非常靈活，有時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。詞之后。 eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the roo

38、m which I lived in. 3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 考點(diǎn)三：關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定2021/3/941思考？思考？是否所有的介詞是否所有的介詞+關(guān)系代詞都能用關(guān)系副詞代替關(guān)系代詞都能用關(guān)系副詞代替?The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me.at whichThe book (_

39、 I heard) was written twenty years ago.about whichThe pen (_ she wrote that book) can now be seen ina museum.with whichKunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).where/in whichI will never forgot the day _ I first met you on the ship.on which/whenduring whichThe film (_I f

40、ell asleep) was very boring.結(jié)論：結(jié)論：只有當(dāng)介詞只有當(dāng)介詞+關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，才能用關(guān)系副詞代替。時(shí)，才能用關(guān)系副詞代替。2021/3/942六六. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的定義非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的定義非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)被修飾部分進(jìn)行附加說(shuō)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)被修飾部分進(jìn)行附加說(shuō)明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之間的關(guān)系比較松散，因此常用逗號(hào)它和主句之間的關(guān)系比較松散，因此常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。不用隔開(kāi)。不用that 引

41、導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)My watch, which is very old, stopped again.2021/3/9432.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別(1)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明確。主從句之間若省去，主句的意思就不明確。主從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則不然。不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則不然。試比較：試比較：This is the best book that I have read.This is a good book, which is easy to un

42、derstand.2021/3/944(2)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞總是一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞總是一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)代詞，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)代詞，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，也可以是部分或整個(gè)主句的意思。此時(shí)，一詞，也可以是部分或整個(gè)主句的意思。此時(shí)，一般用關(guān)系代詞般用關(guān)系代詞as或或which引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。(4)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能省略關(guān)系代在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能省略關(guān)系代詞，而在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中則可以。詞，而在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中則可以。(3)限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以用關(guān)系代詞限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)，而非引導(dǎo)，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則不能。

43、限制性定語(yǔ)從句則不能。2021/3/945(5)關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞前可以有被介詞短語(yǔ)所修飾的詞。如：時(shí)，介詞前可以有被介詞短語(yǔ)所修飾的詞。如：(6)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞還可以在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞還可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married.He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on studying.2021/3/9461). a. I saw some trees, and t

44、he leaves of _ were black with disease. b. I saw some trees, the leaves of _ were black with disease. 2). a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses. b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses解題點(diǎn)撥解題點(diǎn)撥 :是否有是否有連詞連詞是區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和并列句的關(guān)鍵。是

45、區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和并列句的關(guān)鍵。themwhomwhichhim _高考考點(diǎn)高考考點(diǎn)易混句型易混句型1.1.定語(yǔ)從句與并列句定語(yǔ)從句與并列句2021/3/947 1). a. The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited. b. The news _he told me yesterday is exciting. 2). a. I made a promise _ if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich. b. The mother made a promise

46、_ pleased all her children. that(that/which)that/whichthat解題點(diǎn)撥：解題點(diǎn)撥：that引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)其先行詞的是對(duì)其先行詞的修修飾或限制飾或限制；在句中；在句中作成份作成份( (作賓語(yǔ)省略作賓語(yǔ)省略),),指物時(shí)可用指物時(shí)可用whichwhich代替；而代替；而同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞的是對(duì)前面名詞的說(shuō)明和解釋說(shuō)明和解釋。that在從句中僅起連接作用在從句中僅起連接作用, ,不充當(dāng)成份不充當(dāng)成份，不能省略，不能省略, ,不能用不能用whichwhich代替。代替。 .定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句20

47、21/3/948 1) a. It is in this room _I lived last year. b. It is the room _I lived last year. 2) a. It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning. b. It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning.解題點(diǎn)撥：解題點(diǎn)撥：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was+ +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成份份+ +that/who+ +其它部分其它部分; ; 去掉去掉 It is /was .that

48、/who ,句子照樣成立句子照樣成立; ;而定語(yǔ)從句的而定語(yǔ)從句的引引導(dǎo)詞在句中要作成份導(dǎo)詞在句中要作成份。thatwherethatwhen. .定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句2021/3/949注意注意 一一: way 后面的定語(yǔ)從句后面的定語(yǔ)從句 way 后面的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有后面的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有 in which that 或或 不填不填，如：，如： I recognized hes from Australia from the way _ he speaks. in which ( that / 不填不填)2021/3/950注意二：定語(yǔ)從句的位置問(wèn)題注意二：定語(yǔ)從句的位置

49、問(wèn)題一般的說(shuō)，定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)緊跟在被一般的說(shuō)，定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)緊跟在被修飾的詞（先行詞）后邊。修飾的詞（先行詞）后邊。As引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句句可以可以放在句首。放在句首。I happened to meet the man in the street . A.whom you once spoke B.to who you once spoke C.you once spoke to him D.you once spoke to 2021/3/951注意二：定語(yǔ)從句的位置問(wèn)題注意二：定語(yǔ)從句的位置問(wèn)題.I happened to meet the man in the st

50、reet . A.whom you once spoke B.to who you once spoke C.you once spoke to him D.you once spoke to 但是如果在容易造成歧義的情況下可以的。如果把定語(yǔ)從句放在in the street之前，容易被人理解為“你曾經(jīng)在街上說(shuō)過(guò)話的人”。所以先要照顧句子意思2021/3/952注意二：定語(yǔ)從句的位置問(wèn)題注意二：定語(yǔ)從句的位置問(wèn)題但是如果在容易造成歧義的情況下可以的。如果把定語(yǔ)從句放在in the street之前，容易被人理解為“你曾經(jīng)在街上說(shuō)過(guò)話的人”。所以先要照顧句子意思，另如： He came to P

51、aris in 1897,_ he became a famous actor later. where2021/3/953注意三：疑問(wèn)句the one有關(guān)的問(wèn)題1.Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 2021/3/954注意三：疑問(wèn)句the one有關(guān)的問(wèn)題 例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This

52、 museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，is后應(yīng)跟表語(yǔ)，只有the one可以，而后面的you visited a few days ago則做one的定語(yǔ)從句。 而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。2021/3/9552021/3/956 1.that 1.that 與與

53、whichwhich1.Nothing _ can be done has been done.2.Do you have anything _ you dont understand ?先行詞是先行詞是everything, nothing, anything, everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, nonesomething, much, little, none等不定代詞，引等不定代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用thatthatthatthat2021/3/9571.This is the best TV _ is

54、 made in China.2.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.thatthat先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用that 。 1.that 1.that 與與whichwhich2021/3/958Ive read all the books _ you lent me.that先行詞被先行詞被any, some, no, any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, much, few, little, every, all, very

55、, only, last very, only, last 修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí), ,引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用定語(yǔ)從句用that that 。 1.that 1.that 與與whichwhich2021/3/9591.The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.2.A victim is a person, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.先行詞中既有人又有事物時(shí)，先行詞中既有人又有事

56、物時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用that .that .thatthat 1.that 1.that 與與whichwhich2021/3/9601.Who _ you have ever seen can do it better ?WhoWho做先行詞時(shí)，做先行詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用thatthatthat 1.that 1.that 與與whichwhich2021/3/9611.Her bag ,in _ she put all her money, has been stolen.2.This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollar

57、s.3.Xiao Wang ,with _ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.whichwhichwhom在介詞后面，指事物在介詞后面，指事物用用whichwhich，指人用，指人用whomwhom 1.that 1.that 與與whichwhich2021/3/962根據(jù)從句中的動(dòng)詞搭配This is the book _ which you asked.注意：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能拆，即介詞不提前注意：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能拆，即介詞不提前我照顧的那個(gè)老人好多了。我照顧的那個(gè)老人好多了。The old man after whom I am looking

58、is better. The old man whom I am looking after is better.介詞介詞+whom/which如何判斷介詞如何判斷介詞for2021/3/963根據(jù)從句中的形容詞搭配He told me some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teachers desk.如何判斷介詞如何判斷介詞with根據(jù)先行詞與介詞搭配2021/3/964介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞 = 關(guān)系副詞My gran

59、dpa was born in 1939 _ the World War broke out.Kun Ming is a beautiful place _ flowers are seen all the year round.如何判斷介詞如何判斷介詞in whichwhenin whichwhere2021/3/965The song, _ we are interested will be broadcast tonight.He is the hero _ we are proud.This is the college _ well visit a famous actor.The

60、earth _ we live is a big round ball.in whichof whomin whichon whichExercise2021/3/966 Do you like the book _ she spent $10? Do you like the book _ she paid $10? Do you like the teacher _ she learned a lot? Do you like the teacher _ we are talking has gone abroad? He paid the boy $10 for washing ten