八年級英語暑假專題_如何做好英語完形填空題_譯林版_知識精講

1、八年級英語暑假專題如何做好英語完形填空題譯林版本講教育信息】.教學(xué)內(nèi)容：8B暑假專題如何做好英語完形填空題.教學(xué)目標：如何做好英語完形填空題完形填空是英語考試的必考題目，它全面檢測學(xué)生詞匯、句型、語法、慣用語及語感等各方面的綜合運用，但是學(xué)生往往在這一題型上拉大分數(shù)差距。如何解這一種題型呢？語法和詞匯在英語學(xué)習(xí)中好比磚瓦在建造房屋中的作用,是基礎(chǔ)性的.沒有這樣的基礎(chǔ)聽說讀寫都是空談.完形填空中直接或間接地考查語法詞匯知識的題目占了大部分.所以掌握足夠的詞匯和基本語法知識是做好完形填空題的保證.完形填空所選短文一般無標題,文章的第一句話往往是引領(lǐng)全文的主題句,或者引出主題思想的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,是了解文

2、章全貌的“窗口”.如果第一段第一句話很容易看懂,看完第一句話便可以迅速往下看.要是第一句話費解,不容易看懂,那么不妨看其他段落的首句,以及最后一句,以便能對全文做出大致的推測,心中有一個做題的方向.然后,迅速瀏覽全篇,不為空白處糾纏,捕捉文章的中心.這期間,需要根據(jù)上下文,有時還要參照各選項所提供的信息進行理解.如果是故事性文章,時間,地點,人物就是關(guān)鍵詞抓住了關(guān)鍵詞就抓住了故事的線索,就能理解全文.若是論述文,主題句、拓展句的識別十分重要,其中表達前后邏輯關(guān)系的連接性的詞是理解全篇的重要線索.由于短文中抽空達到10個,失去信息較多,如果考生瀏覽后不清楚其主題脈絡(luò),也不必為此過多擔(dān)心,至少瀏覽

3、一遍后有了一個初步印象,為后面做題和逐步理解創(chuàng)造了條件.相當(dāng)多的題目無需聯(lián)系全篇就能解決,過多聯(lián)系上下文反而耽誤時間.所以考生不必因為沒弄清文章整體大意而惴惴不安語義邏輯題還是詞匯語法題都是有幫助的不是閱讀理解題.完形填空題是中考英語的重要題型，,影響做題.當(dāng)然,事先了解文章大意不論是對做,但前提是不能在理解上花費太多的時間,畢竟這為了正確地做好完形填空題，我們不妨分析一下完形填空題的題型特點，以便采取相應(yīng)的解題技巧。完形填空題的特點之一是題干是一篇短文，個空白的四個待選答案。語法和用詞等方面的要求，題干短文的第一或第一、是題干是一篇短文,短文中設(shè)有若干空白，題干下面留有針對每其中只有一個答案

4、填入空白后，不但使該句的句義明白通順，符合而且能把上下文連起來，使全文大意完整通順。它的特點之二是二句為題干的引導(dǎo)句，通常不設(shè)空白，以便通過這一兩個完整的引導(dǎo)句把短文中故事發(fā)生的時間(?when)?，?地點(place)，人物(who)和背景(what)等交待清楚，作為學(xué)生應(yīng)在理解并掌握全文大意的基礎(chǔ)上解題。它的特點之三是完形填空選擇題與英語知識部分的單項選擇題有相同之處，也有不同之處。雖然它們的測試點都是以詞匯和語法知識為內(nèi)容，但單項選擇填空的題干或是單句，或是相互連貫的句子，或是兩句對話，它是孤立進行的，上一題的題干句和下一題的題干句，無論在句義和結(jié)構(gòu)方面都不存在任何連貫的關(guān)系，是單一性的

5、測試。而完形填空題的題干是一篇短文，對知識的測試是文章的句子相結(jié)合進行的，同時也測試學(xué)生的閱讀、分析理解的能力以及綜合運用知識的能力，是綜合性的測試。針對完形填空的特點，我們宜采取以下的解題步驟：一、通讀全文，掌握文章的主旨大意。由于完形填空的題干是一篇短文，是上下連貫的一個語言整體，所以解題時就必須通讀全文，了解文章的主旨大意，初步弄清文章所涉及到的何人、何事，何時，何地，原因等。了解文章大意，從字里行間捕捉信息，弄清全文中故事情節(jié)的開始、發(fā)展和結(jié)果，目的是選出符合大意，上下前后能互相呼應(yīng)的最佳答案。二、順藤摸瓜，找準選項。有些題目，所給的選項從語法、詞匯搭配上均無差錯，此時不要急于選，而應(yīng)

6、從全文中發(fā)現(xiàn)隱含條件。這些條件往往處于不太醒目的位置，需要答題者注意搜索。三、巧用假設(shè)，辨別真?zhèn)?。有些同學(xué)在答題時往往會遇到這樣的情況：各個選項之間存在著對立現(xiàn)象，由于平時對有關(guān)知識點掌握不夠牢固，容易混淆。這時，不妨采用假設(shè)法，問題往往會迎刃而解。四、逆向思維，減少誤差。有的題目做錯可能是由于粗心大意、考慮不周所致。為防止這一點，不妨先不看題，而是從選項著手，采用對比法分析出題的本意，然后再結(jié)合題目，找準答案。從上面的分析可以看出，要選出本篇文章的完形填空選擇題的最佳答案，不僅需要有扎實的英語基礎(chǔ)語法知識，詞匯的運用能力，閱讀、分析理解的能力以及綜合運用英語知識的能力，同時還需要具備語言之外

7、的常識。所以完形填空是綜合性的測試，要綜合全面分析，才能選擇最佳答案。全面檢查審定答案。選好答案后，要將全文逐句結(jié)合所選答案仔細閱讀一篇，從語法、用詞等方面檢查所選答案是否正確，還要檢查有沒有一些答案在本句內(nèi)雖然正確，但與全文的意思相悖、不合理或是句義前后矛盾等現(xiàn)象，凡此都應(yīng)加以改正。【典型例題】例1JimandKatewant(1)aheavybasket(2)theirgarden.Itis(3)heavy,theycan'tcarryit.It's(4)of(5).Theirmotherandfather(6)intheroom.SoKateasks."Dadc

8、ouldyouhelp(7),please?”erhathersays:"Certainlydear.Let(8)helpyou."Buttheycareful,thebasketis(10).Thepotatoesgohereandthere.Theymustfindandgetthem.()1.A.totakeB.tocarryC.getD.look()2.A.inB.toC.atD.under()3.A.veryB.tooC.notD.alittle()4.A.fullB.fillC.bottleD.empty()5.A.potatosB.potatoC.potato

9、esD.meats()6.A.aren'tB.isC.can'tD.are()7.A.usB.meC.herD.him()8.A.IB.youC.herD.me()9.A.aren'tB.areC.can'tD.don'()10.A.breakB.brokenC.emptyD.full【答案】1. Bwanttodo,carry多指搬運重物2. Bto表示目的3. Avery很，非常4. Abefullof充滿5. Cpotato的復(fù)數(shù)加es6. D根據(jù)句意7. A同上8. D9. A10. B例2Afatandhappyoldmangivesprese

10、ntstokidsonChristmasEve(thenightbeforeChristmas).Whoishe?Yes,heisFatherChristmas.HeisalsocalledSantaClaus.Doyouknow1?Andwhyishealways2red?Itissaidthattherewasaman3SaintNicholasinTurkey.Hecamefroma4family,buthefelt5forpoorpeopleanddecidedtogivethemallhismoney.Buthewas6anddidnwtantpeopletoknowhegaveth

11、emmoney.SoonChristmasEve,heclimbedontotheirroofs,and7bagsofmoneydowntheirchimneys.Andhealways8redclotheswhenhedidthis.LaterpeoplebuiltachurchforNicholasinItaly,andtookhis9todifferentcountries.Hewasgiven10namesaroundtheworld.PeoplecalledhimSaintNicholasinBelgium,SantaClausinCanadaandtheUS,andFatherCh

12、ristmasinBritain.()1.a.howb.whatc.whyd.where()2.a.inb.atc.ond.for()3.a.callb.callingc.callsd.called()4.a.richb.poorc.happyd.good()5.a.happyb.sorry（難過的）c.angryd.bad()6.a.shyb.frightenedc.worriedd.happy()7.a.showedb.droppedc.felld.brought()8.a.putonb.inc.dressedd.wore()9.

13、()10.a.differentb.thesamec.anotherd.many【答案】1. c.why2. a.in3. d.called4. a.rich5. b.sorry(難過的)6. a.shy7. b.dropped8. d.wore9. c.story10. d.many例3Youllseeanew_1_atahospitlanearLondonifyougothere.Heisveryclever,_2_heneverspeaks.Hecanwork24hoursadayandnevergets_3_.Heisonemetretallandhasaface_4_aTVscree

14、n.HeisDr.Robot.Doctorsoftenneedtoasktheirpatientsalotofquestions._5_doctorscanonlyspendafewminuteswithsuchpatient.ButDr.Robot,canaskapatientquestionsforanhourifitis6.7thehelpofDr.Robot,ahumandoctorcan_8_alotofusefulinformation(信息)whenhemeetshispatient.HowcanDr.Robotdothis?Athingspeoplecando,thoughhe

15、cancomputer“tellhimwhattodo.Dr.Robotcandoalotof'tcompletely_9_theplaceof_10_doctors.()1.A.sickpersonB.nurseB.ifC.chemistD.doctorD.because)2.A.soC.but()3.A.tiredB.offC.upD.wounded()4.A.likeB.onC.asD.in()5.A.KindB.BusyC.FreeD.Tall()6.A.lateB.impossibleC.necessaryD.interesting()7.A.WithB.ForC.Behin

16、dD.Under()8.A.spendB.haveC.sendD.speak()9.A.bringB.giveC.takeD.lead()10.A.robotB.computerC.womenD.human【答案】DCAABCABCD例4Averynew,youngofficerwasatarailwaystation.Hewasonhiswaytovisithismotherin1_town.Hewantedtotelephonehertotellherthetimeofhistrain,2shecouldmeethimatthe3in_hercar.Helookedatallhispock

17、ets,but4上hathedidnothavetherightmoneyforthetelephone,sohewentonandlooked5_forsomeonetohelphim.Atlastanoldsoldiercameby,andtheyoungofficerstoppedhimandsaid,“Canyouncbneyeyme?'“Waitamoment,"thes(7cjiendhebegantoputhishandinhis8_"I'llseewhetiheranhelpyou.”"Don'tyouknowhowtosp

18、eaktoanofficer?”theyoungofficersaidangrily_9Nowleagain,Canyouchangethemoneyforme?“No,sir,"theoldsoldieranswered1.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.one2.A.soB.sothatC.becauseD.when3.A.placeB.stationC.streetD.stop4.A.knewB.thoughtC.foundD.foundout5.A.upB.downC.aroundD.into6.A.toB.withC.forD.and7.A.answ

19、eredB.spokeC.toldD.smiled8.A.coatB.handbagC.walletD.pocket9.A.startB.tobeginC.doingD.ask10.A.easilyB.fastC.happilyD.quickly【答案】CBBCCCADAD【模擬試題】（答題時間：60分鐘）(1)DearDrKnow,Imnothappy.Ihavetoo_1_rulesinmyfamily.Ihaveto_2_at6:00everymorning.Icant_3_myfriendsafterschool_4_Ihaveto_5_mydogforawalk.Icantwatch

20、schoolnights.AndIhaveto_6_inbedbytenoclock._7_weekends,Ihavetocleanmyroomandwashmyclothes.ThenIhavetohelpmymother_8_dinner.LaterIhavetogototheChildrensPalace_9_thepiano.Ineverhaveanyfun._10_canIdo?()1.A.manyB.muchC.afew()2.A.gotobedB.getupC.gohome()3.A.watchB.lookC.meet()4.A.soB.thenC.because()5.A.b

21、ringB.takeC.carry()6.A.beB.isC.am()7.A.InB.OnC.At()8.A.makeB.makingC.do()9.A.learnB.tolearnC.learning()10.A.WhyB.WhatC.How(2)OncetherewasaboyinToronto.HisnamewasJimmy.Hestarteddrawingwhenhewasthreeyearsold,andwhenhewasfivehewasalreadyvery_1_atit.Hedrewmanybeautifulinterestingpictures,andmanypeople_2

22、_hispictures.Theythoughtthisboywasgoingtobe_3_whenhewasalittleolder,andthentheyweregoingto_4_thesepicturesforalotofmoney.Jimmyspictureswerequitedifferentfromother_5_becauseheneverdrewonallofthepaper.Hedrewon_6_ofit,andtheotherhalfwasalways_7_.“Thatsveryclever,”everybodysaid.“_8_otherpeoplehaveeverdo

23、nethatbefore.Onedaysomebodyaskedhim,“Pleasetellme,Jimmy.Whydoyoudrawonthebottom(部)halfofyourpictures,_9_notonthetophalf?”“BecauseI1.A.poormsmall,”B.sadJimmysaid,“andmC.glady)bcraunshes(t_10_D.good_veryhigh2.A.boughtB.broughtC.soldD.took3.A.differentB.cleverC.famousD.rich4.A.buyB.showC.leaveD.sell5.A

24、.mensB.peoplesC.boysD.childs6.A.halfB.partC.sideD.end7.A.fullB.emptyC.wrongD.ready8.A.NoB.SomeC.AnyD.Many9.A.thenB.andC.butD.or10.A.changeB.turnC.pullD.reach(3)“Jane,pleaseletmeborrowadollar,”Jennyaskedastheystoodintheschoollunch.oneinmyjacket,butIdontwantto_1_andlosemyplace.”“OK,”agreedJane.Janewai

25、tedalldayforJennyto_2_backthedollarsheborrowed,butJennyseemedtobe_3_.“Shesjustforgotten,”thoughtJane.“Idontwantto_4_herangry.moneydidntgofar.Someclassmates,likeJenny,weregettingfivedollarsaweek.Weekswentby.AtlastJanegotupenoughcouragetotellheraboutthe_5_.“Oh,Jane,Iforgot!”Jennysaid,“Ill_6_thedollart

26、omorrow.”ThenextdayJennyseemedtohaveforgottenagain.DuringthenoonhourJanesawher_7_sweetsforMaryandAnn.JennysawJanelookingather._8_shesaidsomethinginalowvoicetotheothertwogirls.Janefelt_9_andaskedherteacherifshecouldgobacktotheclassroom.Intheclassroom,JanesawtwonewpencilsinJenny10_csamdeestko.An_her.“

27、Jennysnotkindlately,andanyway,shereallyowesme.Adollardoesntmeananythher,butitmeansalottome.”1.A.stayB.waitC.leaveD.take2.A.returnB.lendC.showD.pay3.A.busyB.happyC.freeD.sad4.A.letB.makeC.keepD.find5.A.moneyB.lunchC.placeD.classmate6.A.rememberB.bringC.giveD.pass7.A.borrowingB.makingC.sellingD.buying

28、8.A.EvenB.AgainC.ThenD.Instead9.A.aloneB.sadC.hungryD.lucky10.A.endB.answerC.ideaD.excuse(4)Mondayisthebeginningoftheweek;itisthedaymostAmericanslikeworst.Thedaythey_1_mostisSaturday.Saturdayisthe_2_oftheworkweek;itisthebeginningoftheweekend.Lifeis_3_ontheweekend;mostAmericans_4_careoftheirhouses,ca

29、rsandgardens.Theysleep_5_inthemorning.Theyenjoythefeelingthatthetime_6_tomovemoreslowly.Theworkweekisforthingsyou_7_todo;theweekendisforthingsyou_8_todo.Somepeoplemaygetinacarfora_9_inthecountry.Theyliketotakepartinasportsactivityoutofdoors.AndonSaturdaynighttheymightgotopubliceating_10_orafilm.1.A.

30、likeB.dislikeC.spendD.leave2.A.middleB.beginningC.endD.day3.A.worseB.difficultC.betterD.different4.A.makeB.takeC.lookD.pick5.A.earlierB.laterC.fasterD.shorter6.A.decidesB.wantsC.spendsD.seems7.A.enjoyB.hateC.haveD.find8.A.likeB.startC.getD.check9.A.driveB.walkC.fishingD.washing10.A.placeB.houseC.roo

31、mD.apartment(5)overtheirfacesIntheolddays,inLondon,thesmogwasverythick.Carandbusdrivers_1_todriveveryslowly.They_2_sawtheroadinfrontofthemevenduringthedaytime.Peopledidnotlikegoingoutinthesmog._3_theyhadtogoout,theywore“smogmask”InDecember1952,avery_4_darkcloudcamedownoverLondon.Itwasthe_5_smogLondo

32、nershadeverhad._6_ofitwasbadfactorysmoke.Nearlyfiftypeoplediedinroadaccidents.Butmanymorepeoplebecameunhealthy.Thesmogwasvery_7_foroldpeopleandchildren.Onemansaid,“tsTwheerestarelmeost_8_becausepeoplestayedathomeasmuchaspossible.Theairwasverythick,andyoucouldalmostcutitwithaknife.Afterthreeweeks,thesmogbeganto_9_.Butinthefollowingweeksandmonthsover4000people