英語課件 (7)

1、連詞是一種虛詞，連詞是一種虛詞， 它不能獨(dú)它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分。用來連接立擔(dān)任句子成分。用來連接詞詞，短語短語，從句與句子從句與句子。 連詞主要可分為兩類：l并列連詞l從屬連詞1 并列連詞并列連詞表示詞，短語，表示詞，短語， 從句或句子之間具有并列關(guān)從句或句子之間具有并列關(guān)系。系。 可以表示平行關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選擇關(guān)系可以表示平行關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選擇關(guān)系 和因和因果關(guān)系。果關(guān)系。and (和和) both and（和（和,兩者都）兩者都）neither nor（既不（既不也不也不）not only but also(不但不但 而且而且)as well as (和和, 也也, 除除外外, 而且

2、而且) 1.表示平行關(guān)系的連詞表示平行關(guān)系的連詞：as well (也也,而且而且,) 用于句末用于句末.他是一個(gè)科學(xué)家他是一個(gè)科學(xué)家, 而且也是一個(gè)詩人而且也是一個(gè)詩人.He is a scientist, but he is a poet as well.He is a scientist as well as a poet.他們也會(huì)來嗎他們也會(huì)來嗎?Are they coming as well?This is an old clock that is not only very handsome but also accurate 注意：A. 在否定句中列舉并列成份不用and，而要用o

3、r.Eg. There is no air or water there. There is no air and no water there.B. 在“祈使句+and +簡(jiǎn)單句（一般將來時(shí)）”結(jié)構(gòu)中祈使句表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于if 引導(dǎo)的條件句。Eg. Now stop blowing and youll find the glass clear again. 考點(diǎn)一：考點(diǎn)一：1 1）判斷改錯(cuò)：判斷改錯(cuò)： They sat down and talk about something. They started to dance and sang. I saw two men sitting beh

4、ind and ate there.FFFeatingsingtalkedand (“和，并且和，并且”) 與與 or (“否則否則”)“and” 連接連接平行平行結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。 （1）肯定句中用）肯定句中用“and” 表表“和和”；（2）否定句中用）否定句中用“or”表表“和和” 。2 2）翻譯：翻譯： 我喜歡英語我喜歡英語和和數(shù)學(xué)。數(shù)學(xué)。 我不喜歡英語我不喜歡英語和和數(shù)學(xué)。數(shù)學(xué)。 I like English _ math. I dont like English _ math.and or= Study hard, _ your math will be worse.3 3）用）用 “an

5、dand” 或或“or or” 填空：填空： Study hard, _ your math will be better.and or “and”意為意為“這樣，那么這樣，那么”； “or” 意為意為 “否則否則” 。2、表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞。、表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞。 常用的該類連詞有：or(或則或則,否則否則) or else(否則否則) otherwise(要不然要不然) eitheror(或者或者 或者或者)如： You should get the license right away，or youll have to pay a fine either A or B “或者或者

6、A或者或者B”neither A nor B “既不既不A也不也不B”not only A but also B “不僅不僅A而且而且B” - 連詞詞組連詞詞組 ：Either you or I _ going to the party.(或者你或者我將去晚會(huì)?；蛘吣慊蛘呶覍⑷ネ頃?huì)。)Neither I nor he _ seen the movie.（我和他都沒有看過這部電影。）（我和他都沒有看過這部電影。）Not only you but also he _ French.（不但你而且他也講法語。）（不但你而且他也講法語。） 【連接主語【連接主語 時(shí)，謂語時(shí)，謂語“就近原就近原則則”】am

7、hasspeaks考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二 3 .表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比關(guān)系的并列連詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比關(guān)系的并列連詞:常用的該類連詞有： but while (而而, 雖然雖然) yet (可是可是) however (而而) whereas，however，nevertheless，on the other hand，on the contrary She is not a funny girl，yet you cant help liking her 表表轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞的連詞butbut 和和howeverhowever： e.g. (他努力工作，但以失敗告終。他努力工作，但以失敗告終。) He worked

8、hard, _ he failed at last. He worked hard. _, he failed at last.區(qū)別區(qū)別: : but but 后后沒有逗號(hào)，直接連接分句；沒有逗號(hào)，直接連接分句； howeverhowever 后后有逗號(hào)相隔，可放句末。有逗號(hào)相隔，可放句末。butHowever考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三 ：觀察句子觀察句子 ： （1）Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.改為：改為：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或或 H

9、e is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.（2）“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.”* *although/ though although/ though 和和butbut這兩個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞不能同時(shí)用。這兩個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞不能同時(shí)用。 ?同樣，此句錯(cuò)誤，同樣，此句錯(cuò)誤， because because 和和 soso 等關(guān)聯(lián)詞都不能同時(shí)使用。等關(guān)聯(lián)詞都不能同時(shí)使用?？键c(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四 ： 4、表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞。、表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞。 常用的該類連詞有：so, for, thus(因

10、此因此), therefore（因此）（因此）,consequently（因而，（因而，所以）所以），hence(因此)，accordingly（因此，于是）。如： It was raining heavily，so the sports meeting was postponed For, 因?yàn)?、由于，補(bǔ)充說明理由，不用于句因?yàn)?、由于，補(bǔ)充說明理由，不用于句首首So, 因此，表結(jié)果因此，表結(jié)果He will surely succeed, for he works hard.It was late, so we went home.二二.從屬連詞從屬連詞是用來引導(dǎo)連接主句和從句的連詞。是用來

11、引導(dǎo)連接主句和從句的連詞。 (1). 時(shí)間時(shí)間: when, while, as 當(dāng)當(dāng)時(shí)時(shí) when+瞬間瞬間,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 while+延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 as+瞬間瞬間,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 “一邊一邊一邊一邊” till/until, once, as soon as(一一就就), the moment/instant(一一就就),1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的連詞你來時(shí)我將把這事你來時(shí)我將把這事告訴你。告訴你。她一人獨(dú)處時(shí)常常她一人獨(dú)處時(shí)常?？奁?。哭泣。他經(jīng)過時(shí)笑了笑。他經(jīng)過時(shí)笑了笑。三思而后行。三思而后行。When you comes Ill tell you abo

12、ut it.Often she would weep when alone.He smiled as he passed.Look before you leap. Mr. White was taking a shower _ the UFO landed on the street. A. where B. while C. when D. whetherCWhile Mr. White was taking a shower，the UFO landed on the street.考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一 “when” 和和 “while”when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的動(dòng)作引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的動(dòng)作多為多為終

13、止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞，也為也為可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞；但；但while只能只能是是可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞。（1 1） while, when, aswhile, when, as這三個(gè)連詞都可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，但用法有所不同。這三個(gè)連詞都可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，但用法有所不同。1) 1) 當(dāng)某事正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候，又發(fā)生了另一件事。當(dāng)某事正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候，又發(fā)生了另一件事。While, While, when, as when, as 都可用來引導(dǎo)表示都可用來引導(dǎo)表示“背景背景”的時(shí)間狀語從句。的時(shí)間狀語從句。例如：例如：As/When/While I was walking down the street

14、I As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.noticed a police car.2) 2) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的時(shí)候，最常用的是當(dāng)兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的時(shí)候，最常用的是whilewhile。例如：例如：While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.homework.3) 3) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都表示發(fā)展變化的情況時(shí)，最常用的是當(dāng)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都表示發(fā)

15、展變化的情況時(shí)，最常用的是asas。例如：例如：As children get older, they become more and more As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around erested in things around them. 4) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)短動(dòng)作當(dāng)兩個(gè)短動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，或表示同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，或表示“一邊一邊一一邊邊”時(shí)，最常用時(shí)，最常用as。例如：。例如： Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.

16、She looked behind from time to time as she went. 5) 當(dāng)從當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，通常用先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，通常用when。例如：。例如： When he finished his work, he took a short rest. 6) 當(dāng)從句是當(dāng)從句是瞬間瞬間動(dòng)作，主句是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作時(shí)，通動(dòng)作，主句是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作時(shí)，通常用常用when。例如：。例如： When John arrived I was cooking lunch.注意：注意：（1）when, as, whilewhen即可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作。即可引導(dǎo)

17、持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作。它可以表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作它可以表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)同時(shí)發(fā)生，或發(fā)生，或從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前之前。如：。如：When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. （同時(shí)）（同時(shí)） When the lesson was over, we began our writing.（從句動(dòng)作在前）（從句動(dòng)作在前）as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，側(cè)重主句和從句的動(dòng)作引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，側(cè)重主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)同時(shí)發(fā)生。發(fā)生。He hurried home, looking be

18、hind as he went.I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.He sang as he walked.從句表示從句表示“隨時(shí)間推移隨時(shí)間推移”連詞能用連詞能用as，不用，不用when 或或while。 日子一天天過去，天氣越變?cè)綁?。日子一天天過去，天氣越變?cè)綁摹?As the day went on, the weather got worse.As the day went on, the weather got worse.While：指的是：指的是“在某一時(shí)間里在某一時(shí)間里”，“在在期間期間”，從句里

19、的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，它也強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句從句里的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，它也強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動(dòng)作的同時(shí)發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動(dòng)作的對(duì)比。動(dòng)作的同時(shí)發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動(dòng)作的對(duì)比。while也可做并列連詞，表示對(duì)照的意思。如：也可做并列連詞，表示對(duì)照的意思。如：He is tall while his brother is short.我們要趁熱打鐵。我們要趁熱打鐵。We must strike while the iron is hot.當(dāng)當(dāng)when, as, while表示表示“在在一段時(shí)間里一段時(shí)間里”，主從，主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，可以換用。如：句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，可以換用。如： Whi

20、le (When或或As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.（2）如果）如果when和和before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時(shí)不能譯成時(shí)不能譯成“當(dāng)當(dāng)時(shí)候時(shí)候” 和和“在在之前之前”，而要譯成，而要譯成“就就”、“才才”、“這時(shí)這時(shí)”等。如：等。如：He almost knocked me down before he saw me.I was walking in the street when I saw him.考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二 我父親直到我們吃完飯時(shí)才回來。我父親直到我們吃完飯時(shí)才回來。 My father _ com

21、e back until we had supper.notuntil/ till 直到直到才才till 直到直到為止為止翻譯：翻譯：他直到他直到3歲才會(huì)講話。歲才會(huì)講話。He _get up until his mother wakes him up.didnt 他經(jīng)常等到媽媽叫他才起床。他經(jīng)常等到媽媽叫他才起床。 He _ speak until he was 3.couldntdoesnt(3) till和和until 如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，通常用肯定如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，通常用肯定式的主句，表示式的主句，表示“直到直到為止為止”。如：。如： 如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞，則用

22、否定式如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞，則用否定式的主句表示的主句表示“直到直到才才”。如：。如： 放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)一般用放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)一般用until。如：。如： Until he returns, nothing can be done. I worked till (until) he came back.I didnt go to bed until (till) he came back.肯定句： I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。 (在肯定句中可用before代替) 否定句： She di

23、dnt arrive until 6 oclock.她直到6點(diǎn)才到。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式。中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式。注意注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。 Not until 在句首，主句用倒裝。在句首，主句用倒裝。 not untildid直到我開始工作，我才認(rèn)識(shí)到了我已直到我開始工作，我才認(rèn)識(shí)到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。蹉跎了幾多歲月。It is not until that Not until I began to work did I realize how much

24、time I had wasted. 表示表示“一一”就的結(jié)構(gòu)就的結(jié)構(gòu)hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan和和as soon as都可以表示都可以表示一一就就的意思，例：的意思，例：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或或no sooner置于句首，

25、置于句首， 句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三 2.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的because, as, since，for等等 For語氣最弱語氣最弱, 引導(dǎo)的分句放在句末引導(dǎo)的分句放在句末.3.由由 if, unless, as long as (=so long as), in case (that) (如果，萬一如果，萬一)，supposing (suppo

26、se)等引導(dǎo)：等引導(dǎo)：必要的話往我家里打電話。必要的話往我家里打電話。假如你錯(cuò)了你怎么辦？假如你錯(cuò)了你怎么辦？假如她發(fā)現(xiàn)了，我們?cè)趺崔k？假如她發(fā)現(xiàn)了，我們?cè)趺崔k？If necessary, ring me at home.Supposing (that) youre wrong, what will you do then?Suppose she finds out, what shall we do then? _ you go to bed earlier, you wont feel tired in the mornings. A. UnlessB. Because C. If D.

27、When 解題技巧解題技巧 以此立意的試題考查考生能否正確使用連以此立意的試題考查考生能否正確使用連接目的和結(jié)果狀語從句的一組連詞接目的和結(jié)果狀語從句的一組連詞if,unless。if如果；如果；unless如果不如果不；除；除非非。 本句是一個(gè)條件句，如果本句是一個(gè)條件句，如果，選，選C。C注意注意：條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不可條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不可用將來時(shí)，只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或過去時(shí)態(tài)用將來時(shí)，只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或過去時(shí)態(tài)表示將來時(shí)。表示將來時(shí)。 if, whether if和和whether都可作都可作“是否是否”講，在引導(dǎo)賓與從講，在引導(dǎo)賓與從句是一般可互換。例如：句是一般可

28、互換。例如： I dont know whether (if) he likes that film. 在下列情況下，只能用在下列情況下，只能用whether,不能用不能用if： 1) 在不定式前。例如：在不定式前。例如： I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not. 2）用）用or并列兩項(xiàng)以上時(shí)。例如：并列兩項(xiàng)以上時(shí)。例如： I dont now whether he comes or not.4.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞 as(盡管盡管), even if/ though (即使即使)，in spite of(

29、盡管盡管) however(無論怎樣無論怎樣), whatever no matter how/ who/ which though/ although不與不與but連用連用.盡管你讀得快盡管你讀得快, 你也不能在三天內(nèi)讀完這本書你也不能在三天內(nèi)讀完這本書.Fast as you read, you cant finish reading the book in three days. Although you read fast, you cant finish reading the book in three days. 不管他怎樣努力不管他怎樣努力, 還是擺脫不了困難還是擺脫不了困難.

30、Try as he might, he could nt get rid of the difficulty. 5.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞sothat（如此（如此以致以致）, suchthat, so thatsothat, such.that區(qū)別區(qū)別sothat, such.that區(qū)別區(qū)別1) sothat中的中的so是個(gè)副詞，其后只能跟形是個(gè)副詞，其后只能跟形容詞或副詞，而容詞或副詞，而such.that中的中的such是個(gè)是個(gè)形容詞形容詞，后接名詞或名詞短語。例如：，后接名詞或名詞短語。例如： Im so tired that I cant walk any fa

31、rther. It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2) 如果在如果在名詞之前名詞之前有有many, much, little, few時(shí)，用時(shí)，用so,不用不用such。例如：。例如： He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.6.引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞In order to, so that, in order that(為了)so that, in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀從中一般有can, could, may, might等情態(tài)動(dòng)

32、詞。They set out early so that they might arrive in time. Jack studies hard so that he can get a good job.He took the MP3 player with him _ he could enjoy music during the trip.A. because B. so that C. whenB他起早是他起早是為了為了趕上早班車。趕上早班車。(表目的表目的) He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.He got up early so that he caught the early bus.他起早，他起早，