中英譯本及多種解析

1、Cat in the rainThere were only two Americans stopping at the hotel. They did not know any of the people they passed on the stairs on their way to and from their room. Their room was on the second floor facing the sea. It also faced the public garden and the war monument. There were big palms and gre

2、en benches in the public garden. In the good weather there was always an artist with his easel. Artists liked the way the palms grew and the bright colors of the hotels facing the gardens and the sea. Italians came from a long way off to look up at the war monument. It was made of bronze and glisten

3、ed in the rain. It was raining. The rain dripped from the palm trees. Water stood in pools on the gravel paths. The sea broke in a long line in the rain and slipped back down the beach to come up and break again in a long line in the rain. The motor cars were gone from the square by the war monument

4、. Across the square in the doorway of the cafe a waiter stood looking out at the empty square. 呆在旅館里的只有兩個美國人。他們進(jìn)出房間時，在樓梯上碰見的人，一個也不認(rèn)識。他們的房間在二樓，面對著海，也面對著公園和戰(zhàn)爭紀(jì)念碑。公園里有棕櫚樹和綠長凳。天好時總有個藝術(shù)家?guī)е嫾軄怼Ｋ囆g(shù)家們喜歡棕櫚樹的長勢和面向公園與海的旅館的明快的色彩。意大利人老遠(yuǎn)地跑來看那戰(zhàn)爭紀(jì)念碑。碑是用銅做的，在雨中閃閃發(fā)亮。天正下著雨。雨水從棕櫚樹上滴下來。礫石路上積水成池。海水在雨中突然變成一條長線，從沙灘下去又涌上來，在雨

5、中又化成一條長線。汽車從戰(zhàn)爭紀(jì)念碑邊上的廣場開過去廣場對面的咖啡店門口站著一個侍者，他正望著外面空蕩蕩的廣場。 The American wife stood at the window looking out. Outside right under their window a cat was crouched under one of the dripping green tables. The cat was trying to make herself so compact that she would not be dripped on. 'I'm going do

6、wn and get that kitty,' the American wife said. 'I'll do it,' her husband offered from the bed No, I'll get it. The poor kitty out trying to keep dry under a table. The husband went on reading, lying propped up with the two pillows at the foot of the bed. 美國人的妻子站在窗口向外看。他們窗口下面剛好有一

7、只貓蜷伏在一張滴水的綠桌子底下，盡力把自己圍的嚴(yán)攤實實的，好不給雨淋著。 “我要下去抓那只小貓”美國人的妻子說。 “我去”她丈夫在床上說。 “不，我去?？蓱z的小貓想在桌子底下躲雨呢?！?她丈夫繼續(xù)躺著看書，用兩個枕頭在床頭撐著。 'Don't get wet,' he said. The wife went downstairs and the hotel owner stood up and bowed to her as she passed the office. His desk was at the far end of the office. He was

8、an old man and very tall. 'Il piove,' the wife said. She liked the hotel-keeper. 'Si, si, Signora, brutto tempo. It is very bad weather.' “別淋濕了?！?他妻子下樓去。她走過柜臺時，旅館的老板向她點頭哈腰。他的辦公桌在柜臺遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的一邊，他是個老頭，個子挺高。 “下雨了！”美國人的妻子說。她喜歡旅館的老板。 “是的，是的，太太。天氣太壞了，太壞了?！?He stood behind his desk in the far end

9、of the dim room. The wife liked him. She liked the deadly serious way he received any complaints. She liked his dignity. She liked the way he wanted to serve her. She liked the way he felt about being a hotel- keeper. She liked his old, heavy face and big hands. 他站在那陰暗的房間里遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的一邊的辦公桌后面。美國人的妻子喜歡他.她喜歡他那

10、種任勞任怨的死板的嚴(yán)肅態(tài)度。她喜歡他舉止端莊。她喜歡他那樂于為她效勞的模樣。她喜歡他那當(dāng)老板的自以為是的神態(tài)。她喜歡他那蒼老而厚實的臉孔和一雙大手。 Liking him she opened the door and looked out. It was raining harder. A man in a rubber cape was crossing the empty square to the cafe. The cat would be around to the right. Perhaps she could go along under the eaves. As she

11、behind her. It was the maid who looked after their room. 她和他一樣開門往外看，雨下得更大了。一個穿著橡膠披風(fēng)的男人正穿過空蕩蕩的廣場到咖啡店去。貓繞到了右邊。也許她能沿著屋檐下面走過去.當(dāng)她站在門口時，有人從后面給她打開了一把傘。這是照料他們房間的女侍者。 'You must not get wet,' she smiled, speaking Italian. Of course, the hotel-keeper had sent her. With the maid holding the umbrella ove

12、r her, she walked along the gravel path until she was under their window. The table was there, washed bright green in the rain, but the cat was gone. She was suddenly disappointed. The maid looked up at her. 'Ha perduto qualque cosa, Signora?' 'There was a cat,' said the American gir

13、l. 'A cat?' 'Si, il gatto.' 'A cat?' the maid laughed. 'A cat in the rain?' 'Yea,' she said, 'under the table.' Then, 'Oh, I wanted it so much. I wanted a kitty.' When she talked English the maid's face tightened. 'Come, Signora,' s

14、he said. "We must get back inside. You will be wet.' 'I suppose so,' said the American girl. They went back along the gravel path and passed in the door. The maid stayed outside to close the umbrella. “您千萬別搞潮了?！彼⑿χv的是意大利語。不用說，是老板派她來的。 女侍者給她打著傘，她沿著礫石路走到他們窗子下面。桌子在那里給雨水沖洗得綠閃閃的，可是貓不見了

15、。她突然很失望。女侍者望著她。 “找什么，太太？” “剛才有只貓?！泵绹鴭D女說。 “貓？” “是的，它跑了。” “貓？”女侍者笑了，“雨中的貓？” “不錯?！彼f，“在桌子底下?！庇姓f：“啊，我太想要它了。我要只小貓?！?她說英語時，女侍者繃著臉。 “來吧，太太”她說：“我們該進(jìn)去了，否則你要淋濕的。” “我想也是”，美國婦女說。 她們順著礫石路往回走，進(jìn)了門，女侍者在門外合了傘。 As the American girl passed the office, the padrone bowed from his desk. Something felt very small and tigh

16、t inside the girl. The padrone made her feel very small and at the same time really important. She had a momentary feeling of being of supreme importance. She went on up the stairs. She opened the door of the room. George was on the bed, reading. 美國婦女走過柜臺時，老板從辦公桌后面向她點頭哈腰，她內(nèi)心感到這是小事，也是麻煩事。老板使她覺得這事雖小，卻

17、也是挺要緊的。她一時感到這太重要了。她走上樓梯，開了放門。喬治正在床上看書。 'Did you get the cat?' he asked, putting the book down. 'It was gone.' "Wonder where it went to,' he said, resting his eyes from reading. She sat down on the bed.'I wanted it so much,' she said. 'I don't know why I wante

18、d it so much. I wanted that poor kitty. It isn't any fun to be a poor kitty out in the rain.' George was reading again. “抓到貓了嗎？”他放下書問。 “跑了?！?“奇怪，往哪兒跑了？”他目光從書上移開說。 她坐在床上。 “我太想要它了，”她說，“我搞不清干嗎這么想要它。我要那只可憐的小貓。讓一只可憐的小貓在雨中淋著可不是好玩的。” 喬治又在看書。 She went over and sat in front of the mirror of the dress

19、ing table looking at herself with the handglass. She studied her profile, first one side and then the other. Then she studied the back of her head and her neck. 'Don't you think it would be a good idea if I let my hair grow out?' she asked, looking at her profile again. George looked up

20、and saw the back of her neck clipped close like a boy's. 'I like it the way it is.' 'I get so tired of it,' she said. 'I get so tired of looking like a boy.' George shifted his position in the bed. He hadn't looked away from her since she stared to speak. 'You loo

21、k pretty darn nice,' he said. She laid the mirror down on the dresser and went over to the window and looked out. It was getting dark. 'I want to pull my hair back tight and smooth and make a big knot at the back that I can feel,' she said. ' I want to have a kitty to sit on my lap a

22、nd purr when I stroke her.' 她走過去，坐在梳妝臺前面，用手鏡照著自己，端詳著側(cè)面。先看一邊,再看一邊，然后細(xì)看頭部和脖子后面。 “要是讓頭發(fā)長出來，你說好不好？”她問他，又看著側(cè)面。 喬治抬起頭來，看見她脖子后面剪得短短的象個男孩。 “我喜歡這個樣。” “這個樣！我可煩死了。”她說，“象個男孩，我可煩死了?！?喬治在床上挪挪位置。她開始講話以來，他目光一直不離她。 “你看起來美極了?！彼f。 她把鏡子放在梳妝臺上，走到窗口往外看。天漸漸黑了。 “我要把頭發(fā)往后梳，又緊又滑，在后面打個大結(jié)子，我能感覺到?！彼f，“我要只貓坐在我懷里，我摸摸它，它就嗚嗚的叫?！?/p>

23、 'Yeah?' George said from the bed. 'And I want to eat at a table with my own silver and I want candles. And I want it to be spring and I want to brush my hair out in front of a mirror and I want a kitty and I want some new clothes.' 0'Oh, shut up and get something to read,' G

24、eorge said. He was reading again. “是嗎？”喬治在床頭版頭上說。 “我要用自己的銀器吃飯，我要蠟燭，我要把它點燃，我要在鏡子前面捋頭發(fā)，我要一只小貓，我要幾件新衣裳?！?“噢，別說了！找點書看看吧?！眴讨握f，他又在看書。 His wife was looking out of the window. It was quite dark now and still raining in the palm trees. 'Anyway, I want a cat,' she said, 'I want a cat. I want a cat

25、 now. If I can't have long hair or any fun I can have a cat.' George was not listening. He was reading his book. His wife looked out of the window where the light had come on in the square. Someone knocked at the door. 他的妻子正望著窗外。天很黑了。雨水仍打在棕櫚樹上。 “不管怎么說，我要一只貓?！彼f，“我要一只貓?，F(xiàn)在我要一只貓,如果我不能有有長頭發(fā)或什么好玩

26、的，我能有只貓也好?！?喬治沒聽到，他看他的書。他妻子望著窗外。廣場上的燈開始亮起來。 有人敲門 'Avanti,' George said. He looked up from his book. In the doorway stood the maid. She held a big tortoise-shell cat pressed tight against her and swung down against her body. 'Excuse me,' she said, 'the padrone asked me to bring th

27、is for the Signora.' “進(jìn)來，”喬治說，他放下書本，抬起頭來。 門口站著女侍者。她貼身緊抱著一只龜紋的大花貓。貓從她身上跳下來?！皩Σ黄?，”她說，“老板叫我把這只貓送給太太” 評論1：The Unconscious Struggle inside the Female - A Close Reading on Hemingways “Cat in the Rain” Talking about the short story, Ernest Hemingway is one must for all readers. Ernest Hemingway is one

28、of the greatest 20th-century American writers who have a tremendous influence on the literature. His “iceberg” technique makes most of his stories meaningful and effective. “Cat in the Rain” is the one of the best. A couple of American stays in an Italian hotel in a rainy day. The wife catches a sig

29、ht of a poor cat crouching under a table from the rain outside. She wants to bring it in. However when she comes to the yard only finds the cat is missing. After returning to the room a maid sends her another cat. Hemingway said:“There is seven-eighths of it underwater for every part that you show.

30、Any thing you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg”. With the “iceberg” theory given by Hemingway, it reveals a fact that the design of every scene, character, plot, movement has its implicit meaning. This short story reveals the unconscious struggle in the wifes heart, which

31、is between the pursuit of freedom and independence, and being conditioned with the traditional woman situation. This notion is manifested by the feature of the characters, the conversations, and the reaction of the figure and so on. And the cats, which can be considered the main character, are the m

32、ost impressive ones. The wild cat couching under the table in the heavy rain symbols the freedom and independence which the wife chases subconsciously. In the opposite, the domestic cat, which is sent by the hotel keeper, represents the traditional woman social status or situationbeing protected, su

33、bmissive and tamed. At seeing the wild cat in the rain, a desire of possession arises in the wifes heart, and even she herself cant explain why she wants the cat so much. Such kind of desire reveals the pursuit of freedom and independence of the wife. However, Hemingway didnt give a clear ending tha

34、t whether the wife receive the domestic cat or not. In my point of view, because the wife doesnt realize her inside feeling, her confusion, or rather conflict between freedom and tradition is showed quiet clearly. Besides the cats, the theme disclosed by male figures, the husband and the hotel keepe

35、r in the story can be found through analyzing their attitude to the wife. Concerning the conversations between the wife and the husband, the response of the husband, compared with his wifes emotional and long dialogues, is shorter but stronger. Take the husbands reaction to the wife at the beginning

36、, what he says is, “Ill get it”, “Dont get wet” or “shut up and get something to read”at the final. All of these dialogues are seemed more like an order than a suggestion. As for the hotel keeper, every time the wife passing by him, a feeling of affection arises in the wife. Hemingway devoted severa

37、l sentences to describe the reason why the wife likes the hotel keeper at the first time she passing. She likes the way he received complaints, his dignity, the way he serves her, and so on. And the delight of being serviced is also revealed. The second time she passing, after she finds the cat is m

38、issing: Something felt very small and tight inside the girl. The padrone made her felt very small and at the same time really important. She had a momentary feeling of being of supreme importance. From this, the fact that the protection and respect from the hotel keeper makes her feel superior can b

39、e discovered. The attitudes to the wife of the husband and the hotel keeper are opposite in a way. Through the reactions of these two male characters, the indifference of the husband and the consideration of the hotel keeper are expressed clearly. The consideration is showed in the details that the

40、padrone asks the maid to send the wife an umbrella and a domestic cat, and he gives a bow to her when she passing. However, no matter what kinds of attitudes, one thing which is the same to wife is that she is under the superiority of the male and cannot escape from this kind of restraint. However,

41、in the light of the wife, to be ordered or to be serviced, she is lack of her own independence. Whats more, the husband, the hotel keeper and even the passer-by (who is a man) share one common feature, that it is, superior. The evidence which can prove this notion is the object used by the male figu

42、res. A good illustration is the husband never leaves his bed, the padrone has his own desk, and the passer-by gets a rubber cape. Bed, the most important object in the bedroom, to some degree, represents a kind of superiority, such as a desk in the hotel hall. These two main objects imply the superi

43、ority of the male. And compared the wife and the passer-by, the wife runs out of the hotel without any rain gear, while the passer-by wears in a rubber cape which can protects himself from getting wet.This tiny detail also suggests that female cannot protect herself by her own. Another female figure

44、 in “Cat in the Rain” is the maid. The twice appearances of her are under the order of the hotel keeper. The first time is the hotel keeper sends her to look after the wife, and the second is the hotel keeper sends her to bring the domestic cat to the wife. Hemingway offers the clue distinctly. “Of

45、course, the hotel keeper had sent her”and “She said, the padrone asked me to bring this for the Signora." Such kinds of plots tells us the low status of the maid, and develops the theme effectively once again. The low social status, dominated by male and without self-awareness is revealed. The

46、comparison between male and female, wild cat and domestic cat in “Cat in the Rain”, shows the superiority of male and inferiority of female. Moreover, the unconscious struggle of choosing freedom and independence or the woman traditional situation in the wifes heart is showed as the more important t

47、heme which Hemingway wanted to tell us.評論2：小說描寫的是一對美國夫婦在意大利某個海濱小旅館的一個生活片段，甚至可以說是一個小小的生活細(xì)節(jié)。文名為雨中之貓 (Cat in the Rain)，在整個作品所提供的生活過程中，“雨”(Rain)和“貓”(Cat)作為一種文化符號貫穿全文。尤其是“貓”，還成為推動情節(jié)的一個重要動因。很明顯，貓與女人之間有著一種密切的隱喻關(guān)系。貓在雨中的境況，恰如女人在這個男權(quán)社會中的境況?！坝辍本哂袕?qiáng)大的無所不在的覆蓋性、不可阻擋的強(qiáng)制性和力量，象征著男性為中心的男權(quán)社會以及強(qiáng)大的男性話語霸權(quán)。貓，這動物的選擇，帶有極大的文化

48、思維空間，在英語詞典中，“貓”有尸狠毒的女人”之義，頗具貶義色彩，可見在西方文化中貓有代表女人的含義。貓作為象征男權(quán)社會中的女性形象，其特點無非是：寄身于人，漂泊不定，躲避危險，茍且為生，這種生存狀態(tài)意味著女性在男權(quán)社會中被男性所支配、所左右，難于找到自己的位置。“雨中的貓”象征著喪失了主體意識的女性。小說中的貓，它努力蜷縮著身子躲在廣場中的一張桌子下面，以免被雨淋濕。貓?zhí)颖苡炅馨凳局颂颖軅鹘y(tǒng)性別角色的束縛，試圖打破男性對女性的成規(guī)，社會對女性的定位。貓尋找避雨的地方，即女人在夫權(quán)的社會中努力尋找自己的地位、自己的權(quán)利、自己的話語。 小說在敘述過程中出現(xiàn)的這兩個主要人物，始終沒有具體的姓名

49、，只知道他們是一對美國夫妻，這種非具體化的人物顯現(xiàn)，也就更加增強(qiáng)了藝術(shù)形象的抽象意義。那么，人物存在的具體環(huán)境是個什么樣子呢?海明威的安排也是匠心獨運的，小說指明的只是在意大利，也沒有出現(xiàn)任何具體的地點，比如說意大利那么多的名勝古跡，游人如織的地方。這一環(huán)境也是被符號化、抽象化了的：海邊、棕櫚樹、紀(jì)念碑，構(gòu)成了自然與歷史的聚合，一個人類活動的基本場所。那個生活的小片段就這樣展開來。 美國妻子看到窗外“雨中的貓”，產(chǎn)生了一系列強(qiáng)烈愿望：想要保護(hù)它，或者擁有它，或者喜愛它，或者可憐它，或者以它寄托自己什么不可言狀的情緒總之，這只貓的命運和它所處的境地使她產(chǎn)生一種很深刻的共鳴。從小說中我們可以這樣理

50、解這個妻子在家庭中的地位：她溫柔賢惠、小鳥依人、聽丈夫的話，可是丈夫?qū)λ膽B(tài)度卻是男子中心觀念支配下的無動于衷。丈夫需要她時，她是存在的；而丈夫不需要她時，她對丈夫來說只是一個“存在之物”。她沒有自己的事情，她梳著丈夫喜歡的發(fā)型，她感到自己像那只貓一樣楚楚可憐，于是對它生出一種難以言狀的同情，從深層意義上說，應(yīng)該是同病相憐。她力圖幫助那只貓擺脫被動與恐懼的處境。女主人公的動機(jī)起碼有兩點：一是自戀與自慰，她保護(hù)了貓，也就是意識上的自我保護(hù)。她通過“救貓”的行為(情感的投射作用)，實現(xiàn)了自救。二是自我力量的顯示，她渴望通過保護(hù)這只貓來證明自己的作用她可以決定另外一個事物的力量，這是一種英雄主義的感

51、受。她渴望改變自己的處境，改變外表，改變發(fā)型，改變自己的地位，改變她與丈夫在家庭中的關(guān)系?？傊?，她要更新自我。 但這改變是困難的。她冒雨出去尋找那只貓，可是貓不見了，于是悵然而歸，她沒有得到她想要的那只貓。貓或許還在雨中游走，貓的處境沒有任何改變，她的所有努力就這么在無形中化為烏有。一只消失在雨中的貓引發(fā)和調(diào)動了這個女人所有的自我想象、自我表現(xiàn)、自我改變、自我創(chuàng)造的生命潛能。從一只貓想到改變自己，顛覆她面前的生活狀態(tài)：她告訴丈夫她想把頭發(fā)留長梳一個自己可以摸得著的發(fā)髻，但是丈夫喜歡她，就是“喜歡現(xiàn)在的樣子”，根本不需要什么改變。她的語氣也有起初的探詢“你不以為我留起頭發(fā)來是一個好主意嗎?”(D

52、ont you think it would be a good idea if I 1et my hair grow out?)變成后來一系列的主體意識強(qiáng)烈的祈使句“我想要”(I want)，文本中接連出現(xiàn)了十一個“想要”(want)，表達(dá)了妻子強(qiáng)烈的情感愿望和心理訴求，她想要改變發(fā)型，她想要一只貓，她想要燭光晚餐，她想要許多新衣服，想要而這些都是她丈夫不曾滿足她而又不會立即滿足她的。丈夫?qū)λ倪@些愿望做出的反應(yīng)卻是“閉嘴”(shut up)。丈夫用他的霸權(quán)地位來規(guī)定妻子的行為。妻子最終也沒有“改變”成功，她在家庭中仍然是丈夫的附屬品，她仍然沒有真正自由的權(quán)利，仍然受制于丈夫，她的話語在男性

53、的話語霸權(quán)下也顯得蒼白無力。 但妻子畢竟試圖改變過，這種改變的動因源于一只雨中的貓，還因為尋找貓的過程中遇到了旅館的老板。她走出房間后看到了旅館的老板，這個意大利老人站在辦公桌后向她鞠躬，他讓人給她送傘。他表現(xiàn)出了一種尊重、一種關(guān)切，這讓妻子感受到了自我，讓她有了一種“被重視”的感覺：“旅館老板讓她感到一種淡淡的同時又很重要的感覺?！边@是她在家中與丈夫相處時所感受不到的。因此，她喜歡這種感覺，于是她就喜歡他： 女士喜歡這個店主。她喜歡他接受任何怨言時那種嚴(yán)肅的風(fēng)度；她喜歡他的服務(wù)禮節(jié)；她喜歡他那種良好的職業(yè)自豪感。她喜歡他那久經(jīng)滄桑的臉龐和大手。 她在家庭中的地位，以及丈夫?qū)λ膽B(tài)度，讓她在潛

54、意識里有一種背叛的沖動。尤其是當(dāng)她遇到了尊重她、體貼她的這個旅館老板一個成熟男性的文化符號，女人的自我意識就暫時得到了回歸或建立。最終，還是旅館老板給她送來了貓。這是一個意味深長的結(jié)局，女主人公心中欲求的貓出現(xiàn)了，但小說特別地強(qiáng)調(diào)了女仆懷中抱的是“一只龜殼花紋的大貓”(a big tortoiseshell cat)，是不是先前那一只“雨中的貓”?就成了一個懸案。 從這個短篇小說中可以看出，女人在社會、家庭中所處的“第二性”附屬地位，而這種地位恰恰是由男人，由這個男權(quán)社會賦予她的。正如西蒙，波伏娃在她著名的第二性一書中說的“一個人之為女人，與其說是天生的，不如說是形成的。沒有任何生理上、心理上

55、或經(jīng)濟(jì)上的定命，能決斷女人在社會中的所謂女性”。顯然，小說中的妻子的所作所為也是由這個社會傳統(tǒng)觀念的約束造成的，而不是與生俱來的。 小說中的妻子想要改變，但是丈夫不同意；她想要一只貓，但是得不到。她最終收到了旅館老板送來的貓，但這不是她想要的那只。盡管她擁有了一只貓，但這仍是男性送給她的。這就是女性的處境，她們很難得到她真正想要的東西，她們很難在社會中找到自己的地位、自己的話語。即使得到了，也只能是男性給予的。女人有改變自己處境的能動性，拯救雨中的小貓是她打破性別角色束縛的途徑，也是她所做出的努力。但這能動性總是受到社會、受到男性、受到女性自己的限制，丈夫?qū)λ淖龇ê敛焕頃?、無動于衷，妻子自己

56、的力量又那么有限，而旅館老板最后送給了她一只貓，這使她所有的努力和希望都成為泡影，旅館老板成了一個真正的文化約束的象征，他剝奪了這個美國妻子自己去爭取沖破束縛的機(jī)會，他使她的努力變得毫無價值。所以這種女性在男權(quán)社會中試圖沖破傳統(tǒng)社會性別角色束縛的能動性也就總是難以真正實現(xiàn)。 小說中還通過兩次對天氣的描寫，襯托出了妻子這種抗?fàn)幨菦]有結(jié)果的。在妻子要改變發(fā)型沒有得到丈夫同意后，小說寫道：“天色越來越暗”，而當(dāng)妻子接連表達(dá)了她的一系列愿望后，丈夫讓她“閉嘴”。這時的天色已經(jīng)完全暗了下來，并且象征男權(quán)話語霸權(quán)的雨還在一直下(It was quite dark now and still raining

57、 in the palm trees)，暗示著女性對這種話語霸權(quán)的不可改變性。女性的合理的吶喊就在這個沉默的世界中被壓抑了。 在這部小說中，我們知道丈夫名為喬治，卻不知道妻子的名字。這不僅說明了男性對女性的不重視、不在乎，這還是一個命名權(quán)的問題，在父權(quán)中心文化中，命名權(quán)向來屬于男性，婦女只有服從和被命名，她們一直處于被支配、被命名的服從地位。名字不僅是一個代號，它體現(xiàn)了一種文化意蘊(yùn)。在美國黑人女作家艾麗斯·沃克的小說紫色中的阿格尼斯就不斷強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的名字。這體現(xiàn)了女性獨立的人格，體現(xiàn)了女性對父權(quán)中心文化的抗?fàn)?、對男性命名?quán)的抗?fàn)帯?從這篇小說中可以看出，海明威不是以前人們所認(rèn)識的具有強(qiáng)

58、烈男性視角的作家，他在小說中也體現(xiàn)了女性的視角，表現(xiàn)出了女性被忽視、被歧視的感受與遭遇。這種情緒在海明威早期的短篇小說中普遍存在著。 表面看，以上的分析或許有那么一點觀念化的主觀臆斷，其實不然。二十年代中期，正是海明威小說創(chuàng)作的試驗時期，全力以赴地為將自己造就成一個大作家而努力。同時他在寫詩和散文雜記，以期待將小說賦予詩一般的凝練，散文一樣的隨意。在這些故事里，他極盡斟字酌句、精雕細(xì)刻之能事，力圖使每一個人物、每一個場景、每一個動作和細(xì)節(jié)，都產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的某種意象、并服務(wù)于幾種目的，而且給它們一個隱喻式的標(biāo)題，如：雨中之貓白象般的群山 乞力馬扎羅的雪等。 在海明威的這些短篇小說中都可以看出，作家在

59、反映兩性關(guān)系及對這種關(guān)系的處理上，能夠拋開男性的個人偏見，超越男性作家的狹隘視野，來觀察處于傳統(tǒng)性別角色規(guī)定下的女性的情感和感受，表達(dá)了她們的體驗、挫折與渴望，對她們寄予深切的同情。評論3：SummaryOnly two Americans are in the hotel. Their room faces the sea, a public garden, and a war monument. Many Italians come from far away to see the monument. That day, it is raining, and the American wife is looking out the window. She sees a cat under a table that is trying to keep dry. She tells her husband that she is going to get it. He tells her not to get wet. Downstairs, she is greeted by the hotel operator, whose seriousness and willingnes