2020屆高考英語復(fù)習(xí)瘋狂專練五代詞和名詞單句填空+語法填空(教師版)

1、11瘋狂專練五代詞和名詞單句填空+語法填空、技巧點撥、當(dāng)句子缺主語或賓語時，填代詞：人稱代詞主格和賓格、指示代詞或it。因為充當(dāng)主語或賓語的應(yīng)是名詞或代詞，而在語法填空的純空格中一般是不要求考生填名詞的，所以只要句子缺主語或賓語，就填代詞。此時,要根據(jù)前后語境，看該空格是指人還是事物，指男還是指女，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。除人稱代詞外，也有可能是填不定代詞等。還有可能是填作形式主語或形式賓語的it,替代后面作真正的主語或賓語的不定式、動名詞或從句。解題技巧如下：第一步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。若句子缺主語，則要填代詞主格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it;若動詞或介詞后面缺賓語，則要填代詞的賓格、指示代詞、不定代詞或i

2、t。如果該賓格與主語是同一人，應(yīng)用反身代詞。第二步：理解句子意思。根據(jù)各個代詞的意義和用法，以及句子所需的意義，填入合適的代詞。人稱代詞（主格/賓格）反身代詞名詞性物主代詞常考的不定代詞指示代詞I/memyselfmineother/anotherthis/thatyouyourself/yourselvesyoursboth/neither/eitherhe/himhimselfhisall / noneshe/herherselfhersnothing/nobodythese/thoseititselfitseverything/everybodywe/usourselvesoursany

3、thing/anybodythey/themthemselvestheirssomething/somebody名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化:情況構(gòu)成方法M日例詞一般情況加-s清輔首后/s/;濁 輔音和元音后 t如z/map - maps 地圖 bag - bags 書包 /EF以s,ss,x,ch,sh等結(jié)尾的詞加-es-es 讀 /iz/bus - buses公共汽車 class - classes 課以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名 詞多數(shù)將-f和-fe 變 v 力口 -es-ves 讀/vz/wife-wives 妻子leaf - leaves 樹葉shelf-shelves 架子knife - knives

4、小刀wolf-wolves 狼thief - thieves 賊/小偷half-halves 半life - lives 生命記憶口訣：妻亍用樹架小刀將賊和狼劈成2半結(jié)束它們的生命以兀音字母+ y結(jié) 尾的名詞(a,e,i, o,u)直接加-s-s 讀 /z/boy-boys 男孩 day-days 天monkey - monkeys 猴子holiday holidays 假日toy-toys玩具 key-keys鑰匙/答案記憶口訣：男孩和猴子天天在節(jié)假日玩玩具和鑰匙以輔首字母+y結(jié) 尾的非專有名詞 a,e,i ,o, u變y為i再加es-s 讀 /z/library-libraries 圖書館

5、 family-families 家庭 hobby-hobbies 業(yè)余愛好以輔音字母+。結(jié) 尾的名詞TO口 -es-es 讀/z/Negro-Negroes 黑人hero heroes 英雄tomato -tomatoes 西紅柿potato - potatoes 土豆mango-mangoes 芒果記憶口訣：黑人英雄喜歡吃西紅柿，土豆還有芒果以元音字母+ 0結(jié) 尾的以及外來名詞加-s-s 讀/z/zoo - zoos 動物園 photo-photos 照片 kangaroo-kangaroos 袋鼠 bamboo - bamboos 竹子 radio - radios 收音機 piano-

6、pianos 鋼琴記憶口訣：（動物園）（照片）中的（袋鼠）可以用（竹 子）聽（收音機）和彈（鋼琴）單復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞保持小艾deer-deer 鹿sheep-sheep 綿羊fish-fish 魚people-people 人/人們Chinese-Chinese 中國人English英國人Japanese-Japanese 日本人Vietnamese- Vietnamese 越南人Swiss瑞士人Portuguese葡萄牙人Lebanese黎巴嫩人記憶口訣：草原上吃草兩種動物：鹿和綿羊水里游的魚；中日英 三國家人；越，瑞，葡，黎 4四國家人表示某國人名詞的復(fù) 數(shù)直接加shuman-humans（人

7、，人類）German-Germans （德國人）Russian-Russian （俄羅斯人）American-Americans （美國人）Italian-Italians （意大利人）Indian-Indians （印度人）Canadian-Canadians（力口拿大）Australian-Australians （澳大）Swede-Swedes（瑞典人）記憶口訣：人類/德國俄，美，意，力口，瑞 復(fù)數(shù)加S無連字號復(fù)合名詞以后面名詞 變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)律 保持一amooncake-mooncakes （月 餅） bookcase-bookcases （書櫥） armchair-armchairs （輪

8、椅） toothpick-toothpicks （牙簽） housewife-housewives（家庭主婦） gentleman-gentlemen（紳士） bookshelf-bookshelves （書架） stopwatch-stopwatches（秒表） wineglass-wineglasses（酒杯） birthday-birthdays（生日） blackboard-blackboards（黑板） greenhouse-greenhouses編室）第一個名詞是man,woman的復(fù)合名 詞兩者都要變 復(fù)數(shù)man teacher-men teachers （男老師）woman d

9、octor-women doctors （女醫(yī)生）男人/女人做定語修飾名詞，兩者都需要變復(fù)數(shù)以f,fe結(jié)尾特殊名詞直接在詞尾roof-roofs （屋頂）加schiefchiefs （首領(lǐng)）serfserfs （農(nóng)奴）reef-reefs （礁石 /暗礁）hoof-hoofs （馬蹄）cliff-cliffs （懸崖）gulf gulfs （海灣 /鴻溝）belief-beliefs （信仰 /信念）proof -proofs （證據(jù)）記憶口訣：（屋頂）上的（首領(lǐng)）踩著（礁石）和（馬蹄）帶領(lǐng)（農(nóng) 奴）在（懸崖）（鴻溝）上找到了（信仰）和（證據(jù)）.改內(nèi)部雙兀音及其它 字母的名詞復(fù)數(shù) 以及一些外來

10、詞名詞 加ren或者加enman-men 男人woman-women 女人ox-oxen 牛child children（孩子們）goose-geese 鵝tooth-teeth 牙齒foot-feet 腳mouse-mice 老鼠loues-lice 寄生蟲basis-bases （基石（將 i 變?yōu)?e）記憶口訣：（男人/女人a該e）（牛孩子們加en/ren）（老鼠奇生將m,l后面改為ice）1 .【2018 全國卷 III When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find（they） alive.

11、【答案】them【解析】 考查代詞。此處做 find的賓語，所以用賓格 them。2 .【2017 全國卷 I I However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than25,000 people were using every day.【答案】it【解析】考查代詞。句意：但是，鐵路很快被印證是一次偉大的成功，在6個月里，25,000多人每天都使用它。it 指代 the railway ,故填 it。3 .【2017 全國卷 I I It ran for just u

12、nder seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible（crowd） on theroads above as they travelled to and from work.【答案】crowds【解析】 考查名詞。此處表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，crowd前沒有冠詞，且它是可數(shù)名詞，故填 crowds。4 .【2018 全國卷 III I'm a （science） who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.【答案】scientist【解析】考查名詞。句意：我是一名研究動物的科學(xué)家，研究比

13、如猿和猴子。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指科學(xué)家，故填 scientist o5 .【2018 全國卷 I 改編】It showed that a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause).【答案】 causes【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。一項研究表明，僅僅每天 5到10分鐘的跑步，就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causes6 . Nervously facing challenges, I know I

14、will whisper to(I) the two simple words“ Be yours【答案】myself【解析】句意：緊張地面對挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對自己說兩個簡單的字做你自己”。本句的主語是I,當(dāng)賓語與主語是同一人稱時，賓語要用反身代詞。故填 myself。7 . Like university students, US high school students have the freedom to choose the courses that most interest (they).【答案】them【解析】分析句子可知，interest為定語從句的謂語，后接人稱代詞賓格

15、做賓語。故填 them。8 . Last October, while tending her garden, she pulled out a handful of small (carrot) and was about to throw them away.【答案】carrots【解析】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)上文的“a handful。何知，此處表示一把小胡蘿卜，所以應(yīng)用carrot的復(fù)數(shù)形式。9 . Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional (treasu

16、re) come alive again.【答案】treasures【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：在一次演講中，這位64歲的導(dǎo)演分享了他關(guān)于如何讓傳統(tǒng)寶藏重新煥發(fā)生機的想法。treasure為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示數(shù)量不止一個，故填名詞復(fù)數(shù)treasureso10 . Then he started to build more and more kinds of(model).【答案】models【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：然后他開始建立越來越多的模型。model為可數(shù)名詞，且根據(jù)上文 more and morekinds of可知應(yīng)填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式models。、直擊考題、passage1體裁；主

17、題字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時記敘文寓言故事214字8分鐘【河南省豫西名校2018屆高三下學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考】The story happened in ancient times. A king was so cleverthat he thought of a good way to test 1 his men were reliable.One day, he had a huge rock 2 (place) on a roadway at night. Then he hid 3 (him) nearbyand watched carefully to see if anyone would remo

18、ve the big rock. Some 4 (wealth) businessmen andhigh officials came by, but they simply walked around it. Many of them even loudly blamed the king for not keeping the roads clear, but none of them would bother 5 (get) the big stone out of the way.Then a villager came along carrying a load of vegetab

19、les. On 6(approach) the big rock, he stoppedand laid down his burden, trying hard to move the stone to the side of the road. After much pushing, he 7(final) succeeded. As the villager picked up his load of vegetables, he noticed a purse lying in the road where the rock8 (be). The purse contained man

20、y gold coins and a note from the king, saying that the gold was for the personnever understand: Every obstacle presents9 removed the huge rock from the road.10 opportunity to improve one【答案】1. whether/if2. placed6. approaching7. finally【解析】The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others woul

21、ds condition.3. himself4. wealthy5. to get8. had been9. who/that10. an1 .考查連詞。句意：這個故事發(fā)生在古代。 一個國王非常聰明，他想到了一個測試他的部下是否可靠的好方法。分析句意可知是從句中缺少一個連接詞，從意思分析是是否”之意，故用whether/if。2 .考查過去分詞作賓補。句意：一天晚上，他把一塊大石頭放在巷道里。根據(jù)句意可知stone和place是被動關(guān)系，石頭是被放置，故要用過去分詞作賓補。所以要用placedo3 .考查反身代詞。句意：然后他躲在附近，仔細(xì)觀察，看是否有人會把那塊大石頭移走。hide him

22、self nearby。把自己藏在附近。故用反身代詞himself o4 .考查形容詞做定語。句意：一些有錢的商人和高級官員走過來，但他們只是繞著石頭走。wealth用于修飾businessmen,修飾名詞的要用形容詞，故用 wealthy o5 .考查固定搭配。句意：他們中的許多人甚至大聲責(zé)備國王沒有保持道路暢通，但他們誰也不愿把那塊擋在路 上大石頭移走。bother to do不愿意做，故填 to get。6 .考查動名詞。句意：這時，一個村民提著一袋蔬菜走了過來。他走近那塊大石頭，停下來放下包袱，努力把 石頭移到路邊。on doing sth.為固定用法，“一就"，故填appr

23、oching。7 .考查副詞。句意：幾經(jīng)努力，他終于成功了。副詞在句子中作狀語，修飾整個句子，故要用finally o8 .考查過去完成時。句意：當(dāng)村民拿起他的蔬菜時，他注意到在原來有石頭的路上有一個錢包。分析句子可知是在曾有巖石的路上，而石頭已被他搬走了。他搬走了石頭發(fā)生在過去，即大石頭所在的路是過去的過去，要用過去完成時。故用 had been。9 .考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：錢包里有一個紙條說金子是給把巨石從大路上搬走的那個人的?！狈治霰揪淇芍猼he person是先行詞，在從句中作主語，故用 who/that。10 .考查冠詞。句意：這個村民學(xué)到了許多人永遠(yuǎn)不會明白的寶貴教訓(xùn)：每一個

24、障礙都是改變現(xiàn)狀的機會。Opportunity是元音讀音開頭的，要用 an ,表示數(shù)字 匕"。故用an。passage2體裁；主題字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時議論文故宮博物館201字9分鐘【2019屆湖北八校高三第二次聯(lián)考試卷】For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebratethe Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace.About 3,000 lucky visit

25、ors received free tickets from the government, among 1 was Zhang Zhifu, a77-year-old public security volunteer. Its a mark he gvaid頓deefowork.“2t is (true) an honor to beZhang said.granted this special privilege,To guarantee the 3 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4 (plan) this year ' La

26、ntern Festival event used LED lights rather than tradit ional paper lanterns and red candles. It' s a fascinating event for visitors to <11 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the Palace Museum' s new look lit upfollowing Tuesday ' s display.Since he became d

27、irector of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 6 (bring) many changes to the world 7 ' s (large) royal complex (建筑群).Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 8 (treasure) come alive again. 9" matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have,

28、but how closethey are 10 people ' s daily lives, “ he said.【答案】1.whom2.truly3.safety4. planning5. themselves6. has brought7.largest8.treasures9. What10. to【解析】1 .考查定語從句連接詞。句意：大約3000名幸運的游客獲得了政府的免費門票，其中包括 77歲的公安志愿者張志福。whom引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞visitors,且在定語從句中作介詞among的賓語，指人，故填whom?！备痹~修飾整句話，故填truly。2 .考查

29、副詞。句意：能被授予這樣的特權(quán)真的是我的榮幸。3 .考查名詞。句意：為了保證故宮的安全，今年元宵節(jié)活動的組織者使用LED燈而不是傳統(tǒng)的紙燈籠和紅蠟燭。根據(jù)the可知填名詞，safety of the palace博物館的安全，故填 safety。4 .考查非謂語動詞。organizers與plan是主動關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語，故填 planning。5 .考查反身代詞。句意：這是一個吸引人的事件，讓游客沉浸在博物館的節(jié)日氣氛中。短語absorb oneself in表示集中注意力在上"，指代visitors ,故填themsekes。6 .考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：自從成為故宮博物院

30、院長以來，單霽翔給這個世界上最大的皇家建筑群帶來了許多變化。卞據(jù)since可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語是單數(shù)名詞，故填 has brought。7 .考查形容詞最高級。句意：世界上最大的皇家建筑群。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填形容詞最高級，故填largest。8 .考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：在一次演講中，這位64歲的導(dǎo)演分享了他關(guān)于如何讓傳統(tǒng)寶藏重新煥發(fā)生機的想法。treasure為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示數(shù)量不止一個，故填名詞復(fù)數(shù)treasureso9 .考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意：對博物館來說，重要的不是有多少游客，而是他們離人們的日常生活有多近，”他說。what引導(dǎo)主語從句，因為從句中缺少主語，故填 What。10

31、.考查介詞。短語 be close to表示 靠近，接近"，故填介詞to。passage3體裁話題主題建議用時記敘文日常生活遇險得救7分鐘【四川省天府名校2020屆高三上學(xué)期第一輪聯(lián)合質(zhì)量測評試題】Mac was cycling along a road. With a heavy camp bag, he wasn't moving very fast. Suddenly he heard loud breathing behind him. 1 (look) to his side, he was 2 (terrify) to find it wasn't a d

32、og but a wolf that wasrunning after him. He reached 3 the spray in the bag. With one hand on the handlebar, he fired it. A bright red color covered the wolf and it fell back shaking its head. But a minute 4 (late) it was by his side again. He sprayed _5 second time, the wolf falling back again but o

33、nly to quickly restart 6 (it) attack. The wolf was getting closer. Mac waved and yelled at passing 7 (motorist) but meanwhile rode hard. He knew clearly he must be careful not to slow down. 8 (fortunate), Paul and Becky were driving along the same road when they spotted the scene. They drove toward

34、Mac. When the car was in front of him, Mac jumped off the bike and dashed for the back door. Paul _9(open) the door so as to let Mac in. It was quite a while 10 Mac became calm and thanked them.【答案】1. Looking 2.terrified3.for4.later5.a6. its7.motorists8.Fortunately9.opened10.before【解析】1 .考查非謂語動詞。he和

35、look之間是主動關(guān)系，故用 look的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故填 Looking。2 .考查形容詞。be terrified to do sth做某事感到恐懼。故填 terrified。3 .考查介詞。reach for伸手去拿。故填for。4 .考查副詞。a minute later一分鐘之后。故填 later。5 .考查冠詞。a second time又一次。故填 a。6 .考查代詞。用形容性物主代詞修飾名詞attack。故填its。7 .考查名詞。根據(jù)語境，這里表示不止一個motorist,故用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填 motorists。8 .考查副詞。根據(jù)前文Mac向別人求助，可是沒有人能幫他。而

36、后文提到，Mac的朋友們正朝他開車過來，可知這對 Mac來說是幸運的一件事。故填 Fortunately。9 .考查時態(tài)。事情發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時，故填 opened。10 .考查連詞。句意：過了一會兒，Mac才冷靜下來，并對他們道謝。it is+一段時間+before意為過了多久才,故填 before opassage4體裁；主題字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時議論文“夸夸”群209字8分鐘【2019 年廣東省梅州市高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測】A phenomenon known as-need-of-rpraise" has taken Chinesesocial media by storm. Us

37、ers can now join a chat group on WeChat or QQ, where they will 1 (praise) and gain encouragement from others for a price. The-need-on-praise " chat groups arefection of Chinese culture2values modesty and humility (謙 遜),leading many people to often cover their true emotions. In Chinese culture,3

38、 (open) seeking and giving praise is uncommon. The trend seemed to have started with a chat group on the platform Douban four years ago. Since March many other chat groups 4 (become) popular, especially among young people. For them, gaining recognition from peers is more important than getting approval from older generations. They can feel 5 sense of belonging and gain praise in these chat groups, which is 6 (benefit) to their mental health. It ' s al