英語句子結構分析最新

1、.句子的基本結構句子的基本結構.句子種類兩種分類法按句子的用途可分四種：按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句陳述句（肯定、否定）：（肯定、否定）：He is six years old.2）疑問句疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句祈使句：Be careful, boys. Dont talk in class4）感嘆句感嘆句：How clever the boy is!.按句子的結構可分三種： 1) 簡單句簡單句2) 并列句并列句3)

2、復合句復合句.v1）簡單句簡單句：只有一個主語（或：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。謂語）。ve.g. He often reads English in the morning.vTom and Mike are American boys.vShe likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.v我們可以給句子的我們可以給句子的動詞加上副詞動詞加上副詞修飾，給修飾，給名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語修飾，給句子修飾，給句子加上加上狀語狀語進行修飾等

3、，以使整個句子的意進行修飾等，以使整個句子的意思變得更加的豐富和充實。但不管如何變思變得更加的豐富和充實。但不管如何變，都只有，都只有一個主謂結構一個主謂結構。vHe worked hard all his life. vHe is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. .v2) 并列句：并列句：v句型：句型：簡單句簡單句+并列連詞并列連詞+簡單句簡單句v并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接而成。并列句中的各簡單句意義連接而成。并列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要，同等重要，相互之間沒有從屬關系，相互之間沒有從屬關系，是平行

4、并列的關系是平行并列的關系。它們之間用連詞。它們之間用連詞連結。連結。ve.g. You help him and he helps you.vThe future is bright; the road is tortuous. .并列句的分類v1、表示連接、表示連接兩個同等概念兩個同等概念，常用，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。等連接。ve.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.v2、表示、表示選擇選擇，常用的連詞有，常用的連詞有or, either

5、or, otherwise等。等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.v3、表示、表示轉折轉折，常用的連詞有，常用的連詞有but, yet, while等。等。ve.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.v4、表示、表示因果因果關系，常用的連詞有關系，常用的連詞有so, for等。等。ve.g. August is the time of the year for

6、rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.3）復合句：）復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。句子。從句包括從句包括名詞性從句名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從（主語從句、賓語從 句、表語從句和同位語從句）句、表語從句和同位語從句） 定語從句和狀語從句定語從句和狀語從句等。等。句型句型主句主句+連詞連詞+從句；或連詞從句；或連詞+從句從句+主句主句ve.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall

7、.v復合句就是復合句就是含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結構含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結構的句的句子。這種結構中，必定有一個主謂結構是句子子。這種結構中，必定有一個主謂結構是句子的主句部分，而另一個主謂結構則是句子的次的主句部分，而另一個主謂結構則是句子的次要部分，即從句部分。要部分，即從句部分。vWhere there is a will, there is a way. .Exercises 判斷句型v1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother.v2. What he says doesnt suit what h

8、e does. (簡單句簡單句劃線部分在句中作狀語，修飾劃線部分在句中作狀語，修飾整個句子整個句子) (復合句復合句包含兩個名詞性從句：包含兩個名詞性從句：What he says 是一個主語從句；是一個主語從句；what he does 是一個賓語是一個賓語從句從句).v3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.v4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.v5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?簡單句簡單句復合句復合句簡

9、單句簡單句.6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.并列句并列句 復合句復合句 簡單句簡單句.9. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.10. What he sai

10、d at the meeting is very important, isnt it?11. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句并列句 復合句復合句 簡單句簡單句.句子成分和句子結構句子成分和句子結構.v簡單句的五個基本句型簡單句的五個基本句型v主語主語 不及物動詞不及物動詞 She came. v主語主語 及物動詞及物動詞 賓語賓語 She likes English.v主語主語 系動詞系動詞 主語補語主語補語 vShe is happyv主語主語 動詞動詞 間接賓語間接賓語 直接賓語直接賓語vShe gave John a bookvShe

11、 bought a book for me.v主語主語 動詞動詞 賓語賓語 賓語補語賓語補語 vShe makes her mother angry vThe teacher asked me to read the passage.v（ There +be There is a book on the desk. .1. 主語（主語（subject）：句子的中心詞，說明的人或事物。句子的中心詞，說明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞） Twenty years is a short time in histo

12、ry. (數(shù)詞) Seeing is believing. （動名詞） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主語從句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）.(一）指出下列句中主語的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The u

13、seful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.2.謂語（謂語（predicate）：）：是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔任，放在主語的后面。We study English. He is asleep.(二). 選出句中謂語的中心詞 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall Th

14、e days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon.3. 表語（表語（predicative）：系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質、狀態(tài)和特征。He

15、 is a teacher. （名詞） You dont look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten. （數(shù)詞） He is asleep. （形容詞）His father is in. （副詞） The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容詞化的分詞）The question is whether they will come. （表語從句）.（常見的系動詞有（常見的系動詞有: be, sound（聽起來）（聽起來）, look（看起來）（看起來）, feel(摸起來，

16、摸起來，smell（聞起來）（聞起來）, taste（嘗、吃起來）（嘗、吃起來）, remain（保持，仍是）（保持，仍是）, feel（感覺）（感覺）It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.(三三) 挑出下列句中的表語挑出下列句中的表語 The old man was feeling v

17、ery tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.4. 賓語：賓語：1）動賓表示行為的對象，常由名詞）動賓表示行為的對象，常由名詞或者代詞擔任。放在及物動詞或者介詞之后?；蛘叽~擔任。放在及物動詞或者介詞之后。如：如：I like China. （名詞）（名詞） He hates you. （代詞）（代詞）How many do you

18、need? We need two. （數(shù)（數(shù)詞）詞）I enjoy working with you. （動名詞）（動名詞）I hope to see you again. （不定式）（不定式） Did you write down what he said? （賓語從（賓語從句）句）.2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-介介賓賓 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）雙賓語）雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）（指物）He gave me a book

19、 yesterday. Give the poor man some money.v(四四) 挑出下列句中的賓語挑出下列句中的賓語v My brother hasnt done his homework.v People all over the world speak English.v You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.v How many new words did you learn last class?v Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,

20、how about you?.v5. 賓補：賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。vWe elected him monitor. （名詞）（名詞） vWe all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名詞）（名詞）vWe will make them happy. （形容詞）（形容詞）vWe found nobody in. ( 副詞副詞 )vPlease make yourself at home. （介詞短語）（介詞短語） Dont let him do that. （?。ㄊo不定式）不定式）vHis f

21、ather advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶（帶to不定式）不定式）vDont keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞）（現(xiàn)在分詞）v Ill have my bike repaired. （過去分詞）（過去分詞）.v(五五) 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語挑出下列句中的賓語補足語v She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.v He asked her to take the boy out of school.v

22、She found it difficult to do the work.v They call me Lily sometimes.v I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.v Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?v to read newspapers and books in the reading-room to take the boy out of schoolv Lily get on the bus playing football on the playgrou

23、nd.v 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語v Please tell us a story.v My father bought a new bike for me last week.v Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.v Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.v Did he leave any message for me?.v6.定語：定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。句子。vYanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞）（名詞）vHe is

24、our friend. （代詞）（代詞）vWe belong to the third world.（數(shù)詞）（數(shù)詞） vHe was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）（形容詞）vThe man over there is my old friend.(副詞副詞)vThe woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞介詞)vThe boys playing football are in Class 2. （現(xiàn)在分詞）（現(xiàn)在分詞）vThe trees planted last year ar

25、e growing well now. （過去分（過去分詞）詞）vI have an idea to do it well.（不定式）（不定式） vYou should do everything that I do. （定語從句）（定語從句）.v挑出下列句中的定語挑出下列句中的定語v They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.v What is your given name?v On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.v I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the f

26、loor.v The man downstairs was trying to sleep.v family given third some downstairs .v7.狀語狀語：用來修飾：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時間、句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）（以下例句按上述順序排列）vI will go there tomorrow. vThe meeting will be held in the meeting room.vThe meat went ba

27、d because of the hot weather. vHe studies hard to learn English well.vHe didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. vI like some of you very much.vIf you study hard, you will pass the exam. vHe goes to school by bike.vThough he is young, he can do it well.v 挑出下列句中的狀語挑出下列句中的狀語v There was a big s

28、mile on her face.v Every night he heard the noise upstairs.v He began to learn English when he was eleven.v The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.v With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.v on the face Every night when he was eleven fast off.8. 同位語同位語：對句子中某一成分作進一步解釋、：對句子中

29、某一成分作進一步解釋、說明，與前面的名詞在語法上處于同等地位說明，與前面的名詞在語法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫同位語。的句子成分叫同位語。Mr Lin, our headmaster , is giving us a speech.Beijing , capital of China , is developing fast.The engineer himself repaired it . We all got angry.We two will go to see you .The news that he will come is true.9、獨立成分：有時句子中會有一些與句子沒有語

30、法聯(lián)系的成分，稱為句子獨立成分(注意：區(qū)別于分詞獨立結構)。oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 yes no ：稱呼人的用語。 ：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 v如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,這個故事還遠沒結束. ,表示說話人的語氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語）:perhaps也許,maybe大概,acturely實際上,certainly當然，等。 .10、分詞獨立結構：、分詞獨立結構：分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與句子的主語一致! 否則應有自己的邏輯主語，構成分詞獨立結構。 Studying h

31、ard,your score will go up. v正確：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up. v獨立結構還可用with、without引導，作狀語或定語。這種結構不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞短語、副詞或名詞等。 v如： vWith nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./vThe teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.v分詞做狀語時，其邏輯主語應該與

32、句子的主分詞做狀語時，其邏輯主語應該與句子的主語保持一致，否則應該有自己的邏輯主語，語保持一致，否則應該有自己的邏輯主語，構成分詞的獨立結構。構成分詞的獨立結構。.v1）邏輯主語）邏輯主語+現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動?，F(xiàn)在分詞，表主動。vMary coming back, they discussed it together.(when Mary came back.)vAll being well, the project will be finished in five months.(If all is well.)vThat being the case, wed better make ano

33、ther plan. (Since that is the case)vShe walked along the path, her daughter following close behind. (her daughter followed close behind).v1）邏輯主語）邏輯主語+現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動?，F(xiàn)在分詞，表主動。vMary coming back, they discussed it together.(when Mary came back.)vAll being well, the project will be finished in five months.(If

34、 all is well.)vThat being the case, wed better make another plan. (Since that is the case)vShe walked along the path, her daughter following close behind. (her daughter followed close behind).做狀語v1.做時間狀語，相當于做時間狀語，相當于when引導的從句引導的從句vEg: Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.(when the

35、y heard the news)vSeen from the pagoda, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.v2. 做原因狀語，相當于做原因狀語，相當于as,since, because的從句的從句vBeing Sunday, the shops are overcrowded.vA bit frightened, he stood motionless.3. 做方式伴隨做方式伴隨vHe walked down the hill, singing softly to himself.vHe hurried to the ha

36、ll, followed by two guards.vThe boy ran home, crying.v4.做條件狀語，相當于做條件狀語，相當于if, unless引導的從句引導的從句vGiven another chance, Ill do it much better.v5.做結果狀從，做結果狀從， 相當于相當于so that的從句的從句vHe turned off the light, seeing nothing. .6. 做讓步狀從，相當于做讓步狀從，相當于though, even if的從句的從句vWounded, the brave soldier continued to

37、fight.vAdmitting what she has said, I still think that she hasnt tried her best.練習練習一一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：v1. The students got on the school bus.v2. He handed me the newspaper.v3. I shall answer your question after class.v4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!v5. They went hunting to

38、gether early in the morning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbial.v6. His job is to train swimmers.v7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.v8. There is going to be an American film tonight.v9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.v10. His wish is to become a scientist.v11. He m

39、anaged to finish the work in time.v12. Tom came to ask me for advice.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateAdverbial.v14. Do you have anything else to say?v15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.v16. Would you please tell me your address?v17. He sat there, readi

40、ng a newspaper.v18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.v19. He noticed a man enter the room.v20. The apples tasted sweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialPredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative.劃分劃分句子成分句子成分1.we are working .2.I can swim very well .3.The waiter brought a bottle of be

41、er to me .4.Why does the wind blow ？5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day .6.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music .二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語（）、謂語（）、賓語（）：vI hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest mon

42、th here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. .三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（）、狀語（）、補語（