減低工業(yè)噪音的實(shí)用指引

1、減低工業(yè)噪音的實(shí)用指南A Practical Guide toIndustrial Noise Reduction勞工處職業(yè)平安及健康部Occupational Safety and Health BranchLabour Department職業(yè)平安健康局Occupational Safety and Health Council.本指南由勞工處職業(yè)平安及健康部印制This guidebook is prepared by the Occupational Safety and Health Branch2004年10月版 This edition October 2004本指南可在勞工處職

2、業(yè)平安及健康部各辦事處免費(fèi)索取，亦可于勞工處網(wǎng)站 :/ .hk/public/os/dD/Noisered.pdf直接下載。有關(guān)各辦事處的地址及查詢 ，請致電25592297.歡迎復(fù)印本指南，但作廣告、批核或商業(yè)用途除外。如需復(fù)印，請注明錄自勞工處刊物?減低工業(yè)噪音的使用指南?。This guidebook is issued free of charge and can be obtained from offices of the Occupational Safety and Health Branch, Labour Department. It can also

3、be downloaded from :/ .hk/eng/public/os/D/Noisered.pdf. For enquiries about addresses and telephone numbers of the offices, please call 2559 2297.This guidebook may be freely reproduced except for advertising, endorsement or commercial purposes. Please acknowledge the source as A Practical

4、 Guide to Industrial Noise Reduction''.published by the Labour Department.減低工業(yè)噪音的實(shí)用指南A Practical Guide toIndustrial Noise Reduction目錄1. 引言 42. 一般的工業(yè)噪音問題及解決方法1. 抽氣扇噪音 62. 通風(fēng)喉噪音 63. 喉管噪音 64. 機(jī)器噪音 83. 一般嘈吵機(jī)器的噪音控制措施 104. 數(shù)據(jù)查詢 12附圖 14CONTENTSI. INTRODUCTION 5II. COMMON INDUSTRIAL NOISE PROBLEMS A

5、ND SOLUTION1. FAN NOISE 72. DUCT NOISE 73. PIPE NOISE 74. MACHINERY NOISE 9III. NOISE CONTROL MEASURES FOR COMMON NOISY MACHINES 11IV. USEFUL INFORMATION 13FIGURES 14引言 如雇員處身于公廠及工業(yè)經(jīng)營工作噪音規(guī)例規(guī)定的初級或頂級措施聲級或超越該等聲級，東主除提供認(rèn)可的聽覺保護(hù)器外，還需盡可能利用其他方法來減低噪音暴露量。為到達(dá)這一目標(biāo)，東主需要實(shí)行噪音控制實(shí)施方案，這些措施包括考慮到噪音控制技術(shù)的開展而定期檢討進(jìn)一步減低噪音的可行性

6、。限制噪音暴露量的最可靠方法，是減低噪音聲級。以下各章列述一般工業(yè)噪音來源的簡單問題及其可行的解決方法。至于復(fù)雜的問題，讀者可咨詢獨(dú)立的噪音控制專家或職業(yè)平安健康局。INTRODUCTIONWhere employees are exposed at or above the first or peak action levels of the Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Noise at Work) Regulation, the proprietor is required to reduce the noise exposure far

7、as is practicable by means other than provision of approved ear protectors. To achieve this, the proprietor will need to implement a programme of noise control measures which should include regular reviews of the feasibility of further noise reduction, taking account of development in noise control

8、techniques.The most reliable way of limiting exposure is to reduce the noise level itself. The following sections deal with simple problems of common industrial noise sources and their possible solutions. For complicated problems, readers are advised to consult independent noise control specialist o

9、r the Occupational Safety and Health Council.2. 一般工業(yè)噪音問題及解決方法1. 抽氣扇發(fā)出的噪音問題成因解決方法(a) 氣流湍動的噪音 由于氣流遇上阻礙令空氣湍動，因而造成噪音圖1防止流動組件產(chǎn)生任何突變防止將抽氣扇放置在障礙物、彎位及變形局部的后面圖2所有開敞式抽氣扇加設(shè)錐心或闊鐘口形1蓋圖2將抽氣扇放在內(nèi)襯有吸音物料的箱內(nèi)圖3安裝滅聲器圖3(b) 噑聲噪音 由于抽氣扇高速運(yùn)行所產(chǎn)生的噪音減低抽氣扇速度另選轉(zhuǎn)速較低的抽氣扇(c) 高頻率軸承噪音 因軸承損壞而產(chǎn)生噪音更換損壞了的軸承2. 通風(fēng)喉發(fā)出的噪音問題成因解決方法(a) 發(fā)出轆轆聲噪音的通

10、風(fēng)喉 由于通風(fēng)喉外表受氣流感應(yīng)而引致震動圖4以承托蹼加強(qiáng)被震動的嵌板的硬度在震動的嵌板使用具阻尼減震材料圖5(b) 溢出的低頻噪音由于通風(fēng)喉內(nèi)的噪音經(jīng)過通風(fēng)喉外表圖4在通風(fēng)喉外表加上隔音材料圖63. 喉管發(fā)出的噪音問題成因解決方法(a) 如鐘鳴的喉管噪音因液體在喉管內(nèi)流動而刺激管壁所引致的震動圖7在喉管外表加上隔音材料圖8(b) 震動的喉管發(fā)出的噪音喉管的震動傳送到建筑物其他部份圖7用下述物品/方法隔開震動(a) 彈性聯(lián)軸節(jié)圖9(b) 在喉管及其承托物之間加設(shè)防震器圖10II. COMMON INDUSTRIAL NOISE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS1. Fan Noise

11、Causes of ProblemSolutions(a) Turbulent air flow noiseGenerated by turbulence of air due to obstacle in airflow (Fig. 1)-avoid creating any sudden change in flow components-avoid locating fans immediately behind obstacle, bends, transformation sections (Fig. 2)-fit coned or bell mouth cover to open

12、running fans (Fig. 2)-enclose fan in a chamber internally lined with sound absorbing material (Fig. 3)-install silencers (Fig. 3)(b) Whining noiseGenerated by high fan running speed-reduce fan speed-re-select fans of lower rotating speed(c) High frequency bearing noise Generated by worn-out bearing-

13、 replace worn-out bearing2. Duct NoiseCauses of ProblemSolutions(a) Rumbling duct panel noiseCaused by duct surface being induced to vibrate by air flow (Fig. 4)-sitiffen vibrating panel with supporting webs-apply damping material to the vibrating panel (Fig. 5)(b) Low frequency breakout noiseCaused

14、 by noise inside duct passing through duct surface (Fig. 4)-apply lagging to duct surface (Fig. 6)4. Pipe NoiseCauses of ProblemSolutions(a) Ringing pipe noiseCaused by pipe wall being set into vibration by fluid flow inside the pipe (Fig. 7)- apply lagging to pipe surface (Fig. 8)(b) Vibrating pipe

15、 noiseGenerated by vibration of piping being transmitted to other parts of the building (Fig. 7)- isolate the vibration with(a) flexible coupling (Fig. 9)(b) anti-vibration isolator between pipe and its supports (Fig. 10)4. 機(jī)器發(fā)出的噪音問題成因解決方法(a) 撞擊噪音因撞擊如收集物料的漏斗的硬物外表所產(chǎn)生的噪音-用橡膠或軟墊等軟物作為墊子圖11-減少物料下跌的高度圖11(

16、b) 由震動的嵌板/皮帶發(fā)出的嘎嘎聲因面積大的嵌板受刺激而放射聲能，例如五金啤機(jī)飛輪蓋或?qū)拏鲃訋?使用窄帶減低傳動帶的震動外表的面積圖12-以線網(wǎng)蓋代替飛輪蓋圖13-用承托蹼加強(qiáng)被震動的嵌板的硬度-在震動的嵌板使用具阻尼減震的材料(c) 水泵發(fā)出的嘷聲噪音因水泵震動引致發(fā)出噪音-加上泵外罩圖14-在水泵及地面之間加設(shè)防震器(d) 由結(jié)構(gòu)傳遞而發(fā)出的噪音因機(jī)器的震動傳遞至建筑物的其它部份-在機(jī)器的底部及地基之間加設(shè)防震器圖15-為雇員提供隔離室圖15-在堅實(shí)的地面安裝機(jī)器(e) 排氣口發(fā)出的噪音因從排氣口放出加壓氣體引致發(fā)出噪音-安裝適宜的隔音罩(f) 嘈吵的機(jī)器由數(shù)個嘈雜部份導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)生噪音-提供

17、噪音隔離室，以便雇員在非實(shí)際操作嘈吵的機(jī)器時可進(jìn)入該室圖16-用隔音罩盡量將機(jī)器圍封圖17-在面對嘈吵機(jī)器的墻壁和天花加上吸音的物料，以減低反射的聲音圖18-在嘈吵的機(jī)器和其它雇員之間放置隔音屏障/隔聲板以阻檔部份噪音圖19-適當(dāng)保養(yǎng)機(jī)器-只在實(shí)際使用時才開動嘈吵的裝置-增加嘈吵的機(jī)器與雇員之間的距離4. Machinery NoiseCauses of ProblemSolutions(a) Impact noiseGenerated by impact on hard surface such as the side of a collection hopper- cushion with

18、 soft material such as rubber or resilient pads (Fig.11)- reduce the material fall height (Fig.11)(b) Rattling noise from vibrating panels/beltsCaused by large panel radiating sound energy when excited, such as flywheel cover of power press or broad driving belt-reduce the size of the vibrating surf

19、ace of broad driving belt by narrow belts (Fig.12)-replace flywheel cover by wire mesh cover (Fig.13)-stiffen the vibrating panel with supporting webs-apply damping material to the vibrating panel(c) Whining pump noiseCaused by vibration of the pump-enclose the pump (Fig.14)-install anti-vibration i

20、solator between the pump base and the floor(d) Structure borne noiseCaused by vibration of machine being transmitted to other parts of the building-install anti-vibration isolator between the machine base and the foundation (Fig.15)-provide isolated room for employees (Fig.15)-Install machine on hea

21、vy floor(e) Exhaust air noiseGenerated by release of pressurised gases from exhaust- install suitable muffler(f) Noisy machineryNoise caused by several noisy parts-provide noise refuges which employees can enter when not actually operating noisy machine (Fig.16)-use acoustic enclosure to cover the m

22、achine as fully as possible (Fig.17)-line sound absorbing material on the wall and ceiling facing the noisy machine to reduce reflected sound (Fig.18)-place sound barrier/screen between the noisy machine and other employees to block part of the noise (Fig.19)-maintain machine properly-switch on nois

23、y devices only when actually in use-increase the distance between noisy machine and employees三.一般嘈吵機(jī)器的噪音控制措施嘈吵的機(jī)器控制措施(a) 塑料碎料機(jī)圖20-全套隔音罩(b) 五金啤機(jī)圖21-隔音罩互鎖以形成啤機(jī)護(hù)罩，從而阻檔公模發(fā)出的沖擊聲音-在啤機(jī)下裝上隔震器-在氣動排氣口裝配滅聲器-將具阻尼減震材料施用于飛輪蓋上-收集箱襯上柔軟材料以消滅物料跌墜噪音(c) 織布機(jī)-在機(jī)器下裝置隔震器(d) 精紡機(jī)-在氣動收集系統(tǒng)裝配滅聲器-使用良好配件及平衡緯管-在鋼環(huán)挾紗器和介輪裝配隔離器(e) 圓鋸

24、-鋭利刀口-正確刀口圓周速度-將具阻尼減震材料施用于刀口上(f) 手提氣動混凝土破碎機(jī)圖22-使用適宜的隔音罩以消滅排氣噪音及從機(jī)身發(fā)出的噪音-鋼鉆頭使用具阻尼減震材料以消滅如鐘鳴的噪音(g) 空氣壓縮機(jī)圖23-密封外罩(h) 撞擊式打椿機(jī)-裝上具有彈性的配件，放置在椿柱頂部以緩沖椿錘的撞擊-遮蓋椿柱及打椿機(jī)-減低鋼椿的震動III. NOISE CONTROL MEASURES FOR COMMON NOISY MACHINESNoisy machinesControl measures(a) Plastic granulator (Fig. 20)- complete acoustic en

25、closure(b) Power Press (Fig. 21)- acoustic enclosure interlocked to form press guard to block impact sound from the tool-and- die- vibration isolators under press- silencer fitted to pneumatic exhaust- damping material supplied to the flywheel cover- collection bin lined with soft material to reduce

26、 material dropping noise(c) Weaving machine- vibration isolators under machine(d) Spinning frame- fitting of silencer to pneumatic collection system- use of well fitting and balanced bobbins- fitting of isolators to ring holders and carrier(e) Circular saw- sharp blade- correct blade peripheral spee

27、d- application of damping material to blade(f) Portable pneumatic concrete breaker (Fig. 22)- suitable muffler to reduce exhaust and body radiated noise- damping material to steel bit to reduce ringing noise(g) Air compressor (Fig. 23)- well sealed enclosure(h) Percussive piling machine- resilient packing over top of pile to cushion the blow