詞性、句子成分及五種基本句型教案設(shè)計

1、實用詞性、句子成分、五種基本句型一、詞類1 .名詞（n.）名詞就是名稱一 人或事物的名稱。具體的人或物體的名稱：人名-Mike,Li Ming;地名一 America ,China 動物名-pig,dog; 植物名-tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名稱：idea（主意）,victory（勝利J）,knowledge（知識）.2 .代詞（pron.）何謂“代”？ “代”是替代的意思，主要是來替代名詞，所以說名詞和代詞關(guān)系是很近的，或者說代詞的實質(zhì)就是名 詞，正是這種血液關(guān)系，絕大多數(shù)時候代詞跟名詞在句中起的作用是一 樣的。從英語詞匯的整體來看代詞數(shù)量并不多，如 hetheyshe等3. 動詞（

2、v.）動就是動作一人的五官動作：walk（走）,jump（跳）,swim（游泳）；人的大腦動作（心理活 動）:think（ 想）,imagine（想象）.也有些動詞是表示靜止的， 如：am, is ,教學過程are。4. 形容詞（adj.）我們在講論人或物時，常說：“你描述一下是什 么樣子。”你就要用上：tall （高的），short矮的）,black （黑的）,white（白的）這些詞往往是修飾名詞，它們就是形容詞。5. 副詞（adv .）說人行走得快慢，講話清楚，在英語里就要用quickly （快地），slowly （慢地），clearly （清楚地）這些詞往往來修 飾動詞。它們就是副詞。

3、副詞很多是從形容詞加ly構(gòu)成的，所以看單詞 詞尾是否有l(wèi)y是判斷是否是副詞的一種方法，但是詞尾是ly的也不一定都是副詞，可能是形容詞，不過只有少量的單詞（常見的有l(wèi)ikely 、friendly lovely 、lonely 、weekly、monthly、yearly ）,這幾個單詞需要加強記憶，也不就是幾個單詞特殊嘛，不過考試往往就考特殊 的，你要小心才是呀！6. 介詞（prep.）英語用詞里，介詞也屬于難纏的一個。因為它涉 及方面廣，而且變化多端，往往令人捉摸不定，記起來很麻煩。別怕別 怕，大部份介詞都不難理解，比較令人頭痛的只是下列幾個at, by, to,in, for, of, o

4、n, from, with , 其中又以 at, by, in, on 為四 大“難纏”！學習介詞就是要抓住這幾難纏，還要提醒你的是，介詞同 名詞“關(guān)系”最好，是“鐵” 哥們，所以往往你見到介詞的地方你就會 見到名詞，而且還有一個詞類往往和他們兩個往往在一起，那就是冠詞， 他們?nèi)齻€形成一個“小集團”。介詞與動詞也有著不可分割的連帶關(guān)系， 介詞經(jīng)常與動詞組成短語動詞。7. 連詞（conj.）如果我們想把單詞與單詞、短語與短語、句子與 句子連接起來就要用連詞。連詞不能單獨作句子成分，只能和其他詞類 一起作句子成分。常見的連詞有： and、but、or、both. and 、 neither.nor

5、 、not only .but also 、when、where、 before、 after 、if 等等8. 冠詞（art.）英語中只有三個詞：a、an （不定冠詞）the （ 定 冠詞），簡單來說，不定冠詞表示泛指，定冠詞表示特指，冠詞與名詞關(guān) 系緊密，一般是放在名詞之前。冠詞也不能單獨做主語賓語，只能和名 詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞結(jié)合作句子成分。9. 數(shù)詞（num.）顧名思義，跟數(shù)字有關(guān)的詞就是數(shù)詞。英語中的數(shù) 詞有兩種，基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)量，比如：one、two three、 four、five 、six、seven等等，序數(shù)詞表示順序，比如：first 、 second thir

6、d 、fourth 、fifth 等等。10. 感嘆詞（interj.）主要是來表示喜怒哀樂等感情的，比如：oh、ah、well等等，這一詞類在十大詞類中并不重要，了解即可。練習一一）根據(jù)對詞類概念的理解，指出下面單詞的詞性：1. deep 2. finger 3. fly 4. papers 5. pass6. refuse7. size8. spoon 9. delicious10. thick11. town12. map13. myself 14. and15 .on16. sheep 17 .ship 18. mine 19. important 20. an21. catch 22

7、 .first 23. laugh 24. third25. leave26. here27 .fly28. home 29. round30. sing31. blind32. but33. eighth 34. about35. bad36. yours 37. child 38 .against 39. ah 40. with41. cinema 42. Tuesday 43. cheap 44 .advice 45. two46. they 47. able 48. for 49. say 50. quickly51. if答案：形容詞：1、9、10、19、29、31、35、43、47

8、動詞：3、5、6、21、23、25、27、30、49名詞:2、4、7、8、11、12、16、17、3、27、28、37、41、42、44、代詞:13、18、36、數(shù)詞:22、 24、33、冠詞:20連詞:14、 32、51副詞:26、29、50介詞:15、34、38、464540、48感嘆詞：39）判斷下列句子中劃線單詞的詞性1 .Mary dances well.2 . His father is reading.3 .Tom is looking for his watch.4 .He often plays violin after school.5 .Mr. Green works i

9、n a university.6 .The teacher taught us English songs.7 .I have had this pen for two years.8 .Nothing can live without water.9 . You may keep this dictionary for two weeks.10 . You can t agree with me .答案：1.副詞2.形容詞型物主代詞3.介詞4.副詞5.冠詞6.名詞7.動詞8.不定代詞/介詞9.情態(tài)動詞10.情態(tài)動詞、句子成分和簡單句的五種基本類型1、成分與詞性的關(guān)系：詞性是一個詞語的性質(zhì)，而

10、成分是詞語在不同句 子中的角色，詞性是不會改變的，但成分對于同一個詞語在不同的句子 中是可以不一樣的。如:The boy likes English/ The teacher teaches the boy English.在這兩句話中，the boy的詞性都是名詞，而在第一句話中做主語成分，在第二句話卻做賓語的成分。2、成分主語（subject ）:句子說明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.（名詞）He likes dancing.（代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history.（數(shù)詞） Seeing isbelievin

11、g. （動名詞）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book. （主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）謂語（predicate ）:說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。We study English.He is asleep.一、選出句中謂語的中心詞.1、I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D.wall2、Do you

12、usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus3、There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon4、Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast5、Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn

13、t C. do D. his homework6、Whom did you give my book to?A. give B. did C. whom D. book答案：BCACCA表語（predicative ）:系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特 征。Heis a teacher. （名詞） Seventy-four! You don t look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten.（數(shù)詞）He is asleep.（形容詞）His father is in.（副詞）The picture is on the wall.（ 介詞短語）My watch i

14、s gone / missing / lost.（形容詞化的分詞）To wear a flower is to say I m poor, I can t buy a ring. （不 定式）The question is whether they will come.（表語從句）常見的系動詞有：1）表感官的動詞：feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem等。2） 表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞：become, get, grow, turn, go, 等3）表延續(xù)的動詞 remain, keep, hold, stay, rest 等4） be動詞It so

15、unds a good idea.Her voice sounds sweet.The food smells delicious.The door remains open.一、挑出下列句中的表語The sound sounds strange.Tom looks thin.The food tastes good.Now I feel tired.1、The old man was feeling very tired.2、The leaves have turned yellow.3、They look beautiful.4、She was the first one.答案：tired

16、 yellow beautiful the first one賓語：1）動作的承受者-動賓I like China. （名詞）He hates you.（代詞）How many do you need? We need two.（數(shù)詞）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you.（動名詞）I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what hesaid?（賓語從句）2 ）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-介賓Are you afraid of the snake? U

17、nder the snow, there are many rocks.3 ）雙賓語-問賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave mea book yesterday.Give the poor mansomemoney.二、選出下列句中的賓語1、My brother hasnt done his homework.A B C D2、People all over the world speak English.A B C D3、The old man said he was ill.A B C4、You will find the museum on the left.A B C5、 You

18、will find it useful after you leave school.A B C6、They didnt know Tom.A B C答案：DDCBBC五、拓展訓練 一、劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語. Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?答案： 直賓：a st

19、ory/a new bike/history/ it/message 問賓： us/me/us/Tom/me賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。Weelected him monitor. （名詞）Weall think it a pity that she didn t come here. （名）Wewill makethem happy.（形容詞）We found nobody in.（ 副詞）Please make yourself at home. 介詞短語） Don t let him do that.（省to不定式）His father advised him to teach

20、 the lazy boy a lesson.（帶 to不定式）Don t keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞） I ll have my bike repaired.（過去分詞）選出下列句中的賓語補足語1、He asked her to take the boy out of school.A BC2、They call me Lily sometimes.A B C3、I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C4、Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground ?A BC答案

21、：CCCC定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher. （名詞） He is our friend. （代 詞）Webelong to the third world.（數(shù)詞）He was advised to teachthe lazy boy a lesson. （形容詞）The man over there is my old friend.（ 副詞）The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.（介詞）The boys playing football are in Cl

22、ass 2.（現(xiàn)在分詞）The trees planted last year are growing well now.（過去分詞）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）You should doeverything that I do.（定語從句）二、選出下列句中的定語1、What is your English name?A B C2、The man downstairs is sleeping.A B C3、I am waiting for the tall boy.AB C4、The old man is 90 years old.A B C答案：CBB

23、A狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。 （以 下例句按上述順序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like someof you v

24、ery much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school bybike.Though he is young, he can do it well.選出下列句中的狀語.1、Tom runs fast.A B C2、There was a big smile on her face.A B C3、Every night he heard the noise .A B C4、He began to learn English when he was eleven.AB C5、She loves the library

25、 because she loves books.A B C答案：CCACC五種基本句型1 .主語 + 不及物動詞 She came . / My head aches.2 .主語 + 及物動詞 +賓語She likes English.3 .主語 + 系動詞+表語She is happy.4 .主語 +雙賓動詞 +間接賓語 +直接賓語She gave John abook. She bought a book for me.5 .主語+賓補動詞+ 賓語 + 賓語補語She makes hermother angry .主（語）+謂（語）此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整

26、的意思. 這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞，介詞短語，狀語從句等，但不 能直接加賓語。1. The sun | was shining.太陽在照耀著.2. The moon | rose. 月亮升起了 .3. What he said | does not matter.他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系.4. They | talked for half an hour.他們談了半個小時.5. The pen | writes smoothly.這支筆書寫流禾.主語+謂語+賓語此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作， 但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才

27、能使意 思完整.這類動詞叫做及物動詞.1. Who | knows | the answer ? 誰知道答案？2. He | enjoys| reading.他喜歡看書.3. He | admits | that he was mistaken. 他承認犯了錯誤.主（語）+系（動詞）+表（語）此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的 意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思.這類動詞叫做連系動詞。1. This | is | an English-Chinese dictionary.這是本英漢辭典.2. The dinner | sme

28、lls I good.午餐的氣味很好.3. His face | turned | red.他的臉紅了4. Everything | looks | different.一切看來都不同了 .5. He I is growing | tall and strong.他長得又高又壯.主語+謂語+賓語（somebody） +賓語（something）（雙賓）此句型的句子有一個共同特點：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完 整的意思.這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承 受者.通常這一間接承受者用一個介詞來連接，當動作的間接承受者在動 作的直接承受者之前時，這一介詞往往被省略.文檔1.

29、 She | ordered | herself | a new dress.她給自己定了套新衣,、乙裳.2. I | showed | him | my pictures. 我給他看我的照片.3. He | bought | you | a dictionary.他給你買了一本字典.4. I | told | him | that the bus was late.我告訴他汽車晚點了 .5. He I showed | me | how to run the machine.他教我開機器.主語+謂語+賓語 +賓語補足語此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還 不能表達

30、完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完 整.1. They | painted | the door | green.他們把門漆成綠色.2. They | found | the house | deserted.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無人居住,3. What | makes | him | think so ? 他怎么會這樣想？.4. We | saw | him | out.我們送他出去.5. He | asked | me | to come back soon.他要我早點回來.6. I | saw | them | getting on the bus at that tim

31、e. 我看見他們 當時在上了那輛公共汽車.練習：判斷下列句子的句型1.She was short2.I can t stand the heat.1 .I sent you an E-mail. 4.It cost me three dollars5 .You can leave the door open. 6.He speaks English .7 .Teachers will make your English better.8 .That will save you a lot of time9 .They found the dead boy. 10.They found the

32、boy dead.11.I found the book easily.12.Tom took Jim a book.13.I always find her happy14.He said he didnt come.15.They love each other.答案：1.主系表2.主謂賓3.主謂雙賓4.主謂雙賓5.主謂賓賓補6.主謂賓7.主謂賓賓補8.主謂雙賓9.主謂賓10.主謂賓賓補11.主謂賓12.主謂雙賓13.主謂賓賓補14.主謂賓15.主謂賓課堂 總結(jié)課后 作業(yè)練習一找出卜間句子中的主語、系動詞及表語，并指出主語和表語分別是 由什么詞性或詞類來充當?shù)摹?. Tom is a st

33、udent.2. He is fat.3. I am tired .4. We are students.5. The bag was lost .6. The boy was foolish .7. They were kind.8. She is in the room.9. The books are on the desk.10. Snow is white.句子比較簡單，答案就不呈現(xiàn)了練習二一判斷下列句子是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)還是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，如果是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)請指 出是由什么詞性充當?shù)馁e語（名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、doing等等）1 .He arrived yesterday.2 .The boy is crying loudly.3 .She died in 2000.4.The man disappeared in the street.5.I like music.6.She wanted some help7.1 slept we