單片機(jī)-英文參考文獻(xiàn)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Structure and function of the MCS-51 series The MCS-51 series one-chip computer MCS-51 is a name of a piece of one-chip computer series which Intel Company produces. This company introduced 8 top-grade one-chip computers of MCS-51 series in 1980 after introducing 8 one-chip computers of

2、 MCS-48 series in 1976. It belong to a lot of kinds this line of one-chip computer the chips have,such as 8051, 8031, 8751, 80C51BH, 80C31BH,etc., their basic composition, basic performance and instruction system are all the same. 8051 daily representatives- 51 serial one-chip computers .51系列單片機(jī)是由英特

3、爾公司生產(chǎn)的的單片機(jī)產(chǎn)品。 該家公司在1976年發(fā)行了8位MCS-48系列。然后又在在1980年推出了高8位的MCS-51系列單片機(jī)。它屬于這一類型很多行一個(gè)芯片的電腦芯片都如8051、8031、8751、80c51bh,80c31bh等,其基本組成、性能和基本教學(xué)制度,都是一樣的. 8051通常是51系列的代表。 An one-chip computer system is made up of several following parts: ( 1) One microprocessor of 8 (CPU). ( 2) At slice data memory RAM (128B/25

4、6B),it use not depositting not can reading /data that write, such as result not middle of operation, final result and data wanted to show, etc. ( 3) Procedure memory ROM/EPROM (4KB/8KB ), is used to preserve the procedure , some initial data and form in slice. But does not take ROM/EPROM within some

5、 one-chip computers, such as 8031 , 8032, 80C ,etc. ( 4) Four 8 run side by side I/O interface P0 four P3, each mouth can use as introduction , may use as exporting too. ( 5) Two timer / counter, each timer / counter may set up and count in the way, used to count to the external incident, can set up

6、 into a timing way too, and can according to count or result of timing realize the control of the computer. ( 6) Five cut off cutting off the control system of the source . ( 7) One all duplexing serial I/O mouth of UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) ), is it realize one-chip c

7、omputer or one-chip computer and serial communication of computer to use for. ( 8) Stretch oscillator and clock produce circuit, quartz crystal finely tune electric capacity need outer. Allow oscillation frequency as 12 megahertas now at most. Every the above-mentioned part was joined through the in

8、side data bus .Among them, CPU is a core of the one-chip computer, it is the control of the computer and command centre, made up of such parts as arithmetic unit and controller , etc. The arithmetic unit can carry on 8 persons of arithmetic operation and unit ALU of logic operation while including o

9、ne, the 1 storing device temporarilies of 8, storing device 2 temporarily, 8's accumulation device ACC, register B and procedure state register PSW, etc. Person who accumulate ACC count by 2 input ends entered of checking etc. temporarily as one operation often, come from person who store 1 oper

10、ation is it is it make operation to go on to count temporarily , operation result and loopback ACC with another one. In addition, ACC is often regarded as the transfer station of data transmission on 8051 inside . The same as general microprocessor, it is the busiest register. Help remembering that

11、agreeing with A expresses in the order. The controller includes the procedure counter , the order is depositted, the order decipher, the oscillator and timing circuit, etc. The procedure counter is made up of counter of 8 for two, amounts to 16. It is a byte address counter of the procedure in fact,

12、 the content is the next IA that will carried out in PC. The content which changes it can change the direction that the procedure carries out . Shake the circuit in 8051 one-chip computers, only need outer quartz crystal and frequency to finely tune the electric capacity, its frequency range is its

13、12MHZ of 1.2MHZ. This pulse signal, as 8051 basic beats of working, namely the minimum unit of time. 8051 is the same as other computers, the work in harmony under the control of the basic beat, just like an orchestra according to the beat play that is commanded. There are ROM (procedure memory , ca

14、n only read ) and RAM in 8051 slices (data memory, can is it can write ) two to read, they have each independent memory address space, dispose way to be the same with general memory of computer. Procedure 8051 memory and 8751 slice procedure memory capacity 4KB, address begin from 0000H, used for pr

15、eserving the procedure and form constant. Data 8051- 8751 8031 of memory data memory 128B, address false 00FH, use for middle result to deposit operation, the data are stored temporarily and the data are buffered etc. In RAM of this 128B, there is unit of 32 byteses that can be appointed as the job

16、register, this and general microprocessor is different, 8051 slice RAM and job register rank one formation the same to arrange the location. It is not very the same that the memory of MCS-51 series one-chip computer and general computer disposes the way in addition. General computer for first addres

17、s space, ROM and RAM can arrange in different space within the range of this address at will, namely the addresses of ROM and RAM, with distributing different address space in a formation. While visiting the memory, corresponding and only an address Memory unit, can ROM, it can be RAM too, and by vi

18、siting the order similarly. This kind of memory structure is called the structure of Princeton. 8051 memories are divided into procedure memory space and data memory space on the physics structure, there are four memory spaces in all: The procedure stores in one and data memory space outside data me

19、mory and one in procedure memory space and one outside one, the structure forms of this kind of procedure device and data memory separated form data memory, called Harvard structure. But use the angle from users, 8051 memory address space is divided into three kinds: (1) In the slice, arrange blocks

20、 of FFFFH , 0000H of location , in unison outside the slice (use 16 addresses). (2) The data memory address space outside one of 64KB, the address is arranged from 0000H 64KB FFFFH (with 16 addresses ) too to the location. (3) Data memory address space of 256B (use 8 addresses). Three above-mentione

21、d memory space addresses overlap, for distinguishing and designing the order symbol of different data transmission in the instruction system of 8051: CPU visit slice, ROM order spend MOVC , visit block RAM order uses MOVX outside the slice, RAM order uses MOV to visit in slice. 8051 one-chip compute

22、r have four 8 walk abreast I/O port, call P0, P1, P2 and P3. Each port is 8 accurate two-way mouths, accounts for 32 pins altogether. Every one I/O line can be used as introduction and exported independently. Each port includes a latch (namely special function register ), one exports the driver and

23、a introduction buffer . Make data can latch when outputting, data can buffer when making introduction , but four function of passway these self-same. Expand among the system of memory outside having slice, four port these may serve as accurate two-way mouth of I/O in common use. Expand among the sys

24、tem of memory outside having slice, P2 mouth see high 8 address off; P0 mouth is a two-way bus, send the introduction of 8 low addresses and data / export in timesharing 8051單片機(jī)有4組并排的8位I/O口，叫做P0, P1, P2 和P3.每一個(gè)端口都是8位準(zhǔn)雙向口，共占32根引腳。每個(gè)I/O線路都可以被用做輸入和輸出口。每個(gè)端口都包括一個(gè)鎖存器（即專用存儲(chǔ)器），一個(gè)輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)器和輸入緩沖器。是數(shù)據(jù)在輸出時(shí)能被鎖存，當(dāng)執(zhí)行輸

25、入時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)能緩存，但是他們四個(gè)通道的功能相同。 Output grade , P3 of mouth , P1 of P1 , connect with inside have load resistance of drawing , every one of they can drive 4 Model LS TTL load to output. As while inputting the mouth, any TTL or NMOS circuit can drive P1 of 8051 one-chip computers as P3 mouth in a normal way .

26、Because draw resistance on output grade of them have, can open a way collector too or drain-source resistance is it urge to open a way, do not need to have the resistance of drawing outerly . Mouths are all accurate two-way mouths too. When the conduct is input, must write the corresponding port lat

27、ch with 1 first . As to 80C51 one-chip computer, port can only offer milliampere of output electric currents, is it output mouth go when urging one ordinary basing of transistor to regard as, should contact a resistance among the port and transistor base , in order to the electricity while restraini

28、ng the high level from exporting P1P3 Being restored to the throne is the operation of initializing of an one-chip computer. Its main function is to turn PC into 0000H initially , make the one-chip computer begin to hold the conduct procedure from unit 0000H. Except that the ones that enter the syst

29、em are initialized normally,as because procedure operate it make mistakes or operate there aren't mistake, in order to extricate oneself from a predicament , need to be pressed and restored to the throne the key restarting too. It is an input end which is restored to the throne the signal in 805

30、1 China RST pin. Restore to the throne signal high level effective , should sustain 24 shake cycle (namely 2 machine cycles ) the above its effective times. If 6 of frequency of utilization brilliant to shake, restore to the throne signal duration should exceed 4 delicate to finish restoring to the

31、throne and operating. Produce the logic picture of circuit which is restored to the throne the signal:Restore to the throne the circuit and include two parts outside in the chip entirely. Outside that circuit produce to restore to the throne signal (RST ) hand over to Schmitt's trigger, restore

32、to the throne circuit sample to output , Schmitt of trigger constantly in each S5P2 , machine of cycle in having one more , then just got and restored to the throne and operated the necessary signal insidly. Restore to the throne resistance of circuit generally, electric capacity parameter suitable

33、for 6 brilliant to shake, can is it restore to the throne signal high level duration greater than 2 machine cycles to guarantee. Being restored to the throne in the circuit is simple, its function is very important. Pieces of one-chip computer system could normal running,should first check it can re

34、store to the throne not succeeding. Checking and can pop one's head and monitor the pin with the oscillograph tentatively, push and is restored to the throne the key, the wave form that observes and has enough range is exported (instantaneous), can also through is it restore to the throne circui

35、t group holding value carry on the experiment to change. At present,MCU to infiltrate all areas of our lives, which is almost difficult to find traces of the field without SCM. Missile navigation equipment, aircraft, all types of instrument control, computer network communications and data transmiss

36、ion, industrial automation, real-time process control and data processing, extensive use of various smart IC card, civilian luxury car security system, video recorder, camera, fully automatic washing machine control, and program-controlled toys, electronic pet, etc., which are inseparable from the m

37、icrocontroller. Not to mention the area of robot control, intelligent instruments, medical equipment was. Therefore, the MCU learning, development and application of the large number of computer applications and intelligent control of the scientists, engineers. SCM is widely used in instruments and

38、meters, household appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, specialized equipment, intelligent management and process control fields, roughly divided into the following several areas:（1）In the application of Intelligent Instruments SCM has a small size, low power consumption, controlling function, e

39、xpansion flexibility, the advantages of miniaturization and ease of use, widely used instrument, combining different types of sensors can be realized Zhuru voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, elemental, physical pressure measurement. SCM

40、 makes use of digital instruments, intelligence, miniaturization, and functionality than electronic or digital circuits more powerful. Such as precision measuring equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, various analytical instrument).（2）In the industrial control application With the MCU can constitute

41、 a variety of control systems, data acquisition system. Such as factory assembly line of intelligent control,all kinds of alarm systems,and computer networks constitute a secondary control system.（3）In the Appliance of Household appliances It can be said that the appliances are basically using SCM,

42、praise from the electric rice, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, color TV, and other audio video equipment, to the electronic weighing equipment, varied, and omnipresent.（4）In the field of computer networks and communications applications MCU general with modern communication interf

43、ace, can be easy with the computer data communication, networking and communications in computer applications between devices had excellent material conditions, are basically all communication equipment to achieve a controlled by MCU from mobile phone, telephone, mini-program-controlled switchboards

44、, building automated communications call system, train radio communication, to the daily work can be seen everywhere in the mobile phones, trunked mobile radio, walkie-talkies, etc.（5）Microcomputer in the field of medical device applications MCU in the use of medical devices is also quite extensive,

45、 such as medical respirator, the various analyzers, monitors, ultrasound diagnostic equipment and hospital beds, etc. call system. （6）In a variety of major appliances in the modular applications Designed to achieve some special single specific function to be modular in a variety of circuit applicati

46、ons, without requiring the use of personnel to understand its internal structure. If music integrated single chip, seemingly simple function, miniature electronic chip in the net (the principle is different from the tape machine), you need a computer similar to the principle of the complex. Such as:

47、 music signal to digital form stored in memory (like ROM), read by the microcontroller, analog music into electrical signals (similar to the sound card). In large circuits, modular applications that greatly reduce the volume, simplifies the circuit and reduce the damage, error rate, but also easy to

48、 replace. （7）Microcontroller in the application field of automotive equipment SCM in automotive electronics is widely used, such as a vehicle engine controller, CAN bus-based Intelligent Electronic Control Engine, GPS navigation system, abs anti-lock braking system, brake system, etc. In addition, t

49、he MCU in business, finance, research, education, national defense, aerospace and other fields has a very wide range of applications.譯文51系列單片機(jī)的功能和結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的監(jiān)控監(jiān)-51系列之一-計(jì)算機(jī)芯片監(jiān)控監(jiān)-51名是一幅一個(gè)電腦晶片,英特爾公司生產(chǎn)系列. 這家公司推出8級(jí)一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)芯片監(jiān)控監(jiān)-51系列之后,于1980年8引入一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)芯片監(jiān)控監(jiān),于1976年48系列.。它屬于這一類型很多行一個(gè)芯片的電腦芯片都如8051、8031、8751、80c51bh,

50、80c31bh等,其基本組成、性能和基本教學(xué)制度,都是一樣的. 8051每日代表-51系列之一-電腦晶片 有一個(gè)芯片的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)是由以下幾個(gè)方面: (1)18微處理器(CPU). (2)在切片數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)羊(128B/256B),使用可以不讀書不數(shù)據(jù)寫如因經(jīng)營(yíng)不中,最后結(jié)果要和數(shù)據(jù)顯示等. (3)存儲(chǔ)器存儲(chǔ)程序/可擦寫可編程只讀存儲(chǔ)器(4KB/8KB),用于保存程序和數(shù)據(jù),初步形成片. 但并不存儲(chǔ)器/可擦寫可編程只讀存儲(chǔ)器在一些人的電腦芯片,如8031、8032、80c等. （4)經(jīng)營(yíng)的84并肩一/四OP0P3接口,每口可以用作介紹,也可以用作輸出. (5)兩個(gè)定時(shí)/柜臺(tái),每個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)器/柜臺(tái)可設(shè)立和

51、計(jì)算的方法,用來(lái)計(jì)算的外部事件,可以建立成一個(gè)時(shí)間的方式也可以和根據(jù)計(jì)算結(jié)果或時(shí)間實(shí)現(xiàn)控制的計(jì)算(六)五切斷切斷源頭上控制系統(tǒng). (七)各一序I/O口UART(異步接收世界/發(fā)送(UART),它是實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)芯片和一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)芯片和通訊系列電腦上使用. (8)強(qiáng)、時(shí)鐘振蕩器電路生產(chǎn)、水晶石英細(xì)調(diào)需要外部電容. 為使振動(dòng)頻率目前最. 每上述地區(qū)內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)是通過(guò)加入單片機(jī).其中,CPU的核心是一個(gè)電腦芯片,它是計(jì)算機(jī)和指揮控制中心等部分組成,運(yùn)算器和控制等. 運(yùn)算器的可攜帶8人計(jì)算a經(jīng)營(yíng)單位的經(jīng)營(yíng)邏輯,其中,1temporarilies存儲(chǔ)裝置8、暫時(shí)貯存器2、8的行政協(xié)調(diào)會(huì)累積裝置、B、注冊(cè)登記程

52、序國(guó)有PSW等. 累積計(jì)200人,行政協(xié)調(diào)委員會(huì)結(jié)束對(duì)進(jìn)入檢查. 暫時(shí)運(yùn)作往往是來(lái)自一店經(jīng)營(yíng)者,這是經(jīng)營(yíng)下去,使計(jì)暫時(shí)經(jīng)營(yíng)成果和行政協(xié)調(diào)會(huì). 此外,行政協(xié)調(diào)會(huì)經(jīng)常被視為轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)站,在8051年的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸. 一般微處理器一樣,是繁忙登記. 幫助大家,表示了贊同的命令. 控制程序包括柜臺(tái)命令詳解,振蕩器電路和時(shí)間等. 程序相當(dāng)于16. 這是一個(gè)字節(jié)地址位的程序,其實(shí),內(nèi)容是未來(lái)IA將進(jìn)行PC. 修改的內(nèi)容,它可以改變方向,進(jìn)行程序. 在8051電路動(dòng)搖一個(gè)電腦芯片、石英晶體外,只需要相當(dāng)頻繁調(diào)整電容,其范圍是12mhz的頻率1.2mhz. 這一脈沖信號(hào),作為8051年工作的基本節(jié)拍,即單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的最低

53、. 8051年是計(jì)算機(jī)一樣,在和諧的工作基本控制打,就像打了一個(gè)樂(lè)團(tuán),按照發(fā)揮,指揮. 有存儲(chǔ)器(程序存儲(chǔ)器,只能讀),8051年在羊片(存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),是可以寫出)二讀,他們每個(gè)獨(dú)立存儲(chǔ)空間處理,處理方式是一樣的,一般的電腦記憶. 8051年和8751年撥款程序存儲(chǔ)程序存貯器4kb,從0000h地址,用于保存程序和方式不變. 數(shù)據(jù)8051-b記憶存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),00fh假地址,用于存放操作結(jié)果中,暫時(shí)儲(chǔ)存數(shù)據(jù)和資料等無(wú)人。在這種羊128b,有32個(gè)單位字節(jié)可以出任就業(yè)登記,這是與一般不同的微處理器、8051切片和就業(yè)登記成立一個(gè)級(jí)別相同的地點(diǎn)安排. 這是很不相同的記憶監(jiān)控監(jiān)-51系列之一-計(jì)算機(jī)芯片,除

54、了一般電腦的方式處置. 一般電腦先向空間、存儲(chǔ)器和RAM,可安排在不同的空間范圍內(nèi)解決這一意愿,即存儲(chǔ)器的地址和RAM,地址分配不同的空間形成. 同時(shí)來(lái)訪的記憶,相應(yīng)的存儲(chǔ)器,只有一個(gè)地址,可以存儲(chǔ),也可以撞擊,并以同樣的訪問(wèn). 這種記憶結(jié)構(gòu)稱為普林斯頓結(jié)構(gòu). 8051記憶分為程序存儲(chǔ)空間和數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)空間的物理結(jié)構(gòu),有四個(gè)存儲(chǔ)空間:我們的程序儲(chǔ)存在一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)空間之外的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)和一個(gè)程序存儲(chǔ)空間、外一、結(jié)構(gòu)形式的這種程序裝置和數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)與形式的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ),稱為哈佛結(jié)構(gòu). 但用用戶的角度,討論8051年的記憶空間分為三類:(1)在時(shí)代安排Ffffh座,0000h地點(diǎn)、從容外片(地址用十六). (二)處

55、理數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)空間之外64kb之一,被安排從地址0000hFfffh64kb(地址16),地點(diǎn)太. 三)處理數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)空間256b(地址8使用). 上述三個(gè)存儲(chǔ)空間地址重疊,鑒別設(shè)計(jì),象征不同的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)8051:CPU訪問(wèn)片,以存儲(chǔ)器,阻止訪問(wèn)命令Ra用途外用一張旅游片。8051年1-48芯片計(jì)算機(jī)與我走/澳港,要求P0、P1、P2和P3. 每個(gè)港口8準(zhǔn)確雙向口,共占32別針. 每一個(gè)我/O線可作為引進(jìn)和輸出獨(dú)立. 每個(gè)港口有門閂(即登記特殊功能)、駕駛?cè)?、出口?shí)行緩沖. 可當(dāng)門閂使outputting數(shù)據(jù),數(shù)據(jù)可以緩沖時(shí)推出,但這些四個(gè)功能自我同一. 在擴(kuò)大對(duì)外開(kāi)放具有時(shí)代記憶系統(tǒng),這四

56、個(gè)港口可準(zhǔn)確雙向口一/O共同使用。在擴(kuò)大對(duì)外開(kāi)放具有時(shí)代記憶系統(tǒng),高8P2口地址見(jiàn)客. P0口是一個(gè)雙向車采用8送數(shù)據(jù)低地址/出口Timesharing 在8051年的巡回一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)芯片和四個(gè)一/O港口很巧妙的設(shè)計(jì). 熟悉我/港澳邏輯電路,不僅有利于正確、合理地使用港口、激勵(lì)周邊邏輯電路設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)芯片有所提高. 負(fù)載能力和接口港口有一定的要求,因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)量等,P0和P1口的最終產(chǎn)量、P3口的結(jié)構(gòu),在不同的年級(jí),所以,負(fù)載能力和接口要求其門南轅北轍相處. 不同于其他P0口口,其產(chǎn)量即將年級(jí)抵抗.。在使用它的嘴巴,用共同使用,是生產(chǎn)事故等級(jí)亮起電路,它是利用NMOS呼吁采取抵制外,應(yīng)同時(shí)輸入,走

57、出失敗. 當(dāng)被用作介紹,應(yīng)該寫"一"的門閂頭. 每一個(gè)有能駕駛8P0口輸出模式LSTTL載荷. P1口是一個(gè)正確的雙向口也作為我/海外廣泛使用. P0口不同產(chǎn)量的電路,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系電力負(fù)荷就在有阻力. 事實(shí)上,反抗是兩種影響,同時(shí)負(fù)責(zé)操作:1配量負(fù)責(zé),定期阻力. 另一種可能是導(dǎo)致這兩個(gè)國(guó)家與接近,使總經(jīng)理改變阻值近似零或一組值兩形勢(shì)十分沉重. 0時(shí),大約是反抗,可以寄以很高的速度; 如果阻值很大,P1口,以妨礙國(guó)家引進(jìn)高. P1口高產(chǎn)量的電力平時(shí),它是利用電流負(fù)載提供庇護(hù),以此抵制和不必回答. 在這里介紹的是用作碼頭,必須寫1到相應(yīng)的門閂頭也使操作結(jié)束。相對(duì)約20,000ohms

58、因負(fù)載阻力,因?yàn)樵诂F(xiàn)場(chǎng)40,000ohms,不會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響的數(shù)據(jù),輸入. P2口的結(jié)構(gòu)有些類似于P0口有開(kāi)關(guān). 這是促使口腔類似,但有些不是嘴巴大轉(zhuǎn)換控制P1. P3口人的多功能港口,嘴也越來(lái)越多,P1比"、"3和4緩沖門". 這兩個(gè)部分,使她除了精確的雙向功能與P1口僅,也可以使用第二功能每針. "、"一門三轉(zhuǎn)功能實(shí)際上 它決定將產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù)信號(hào)門閂第二產(chǎn)出功能. 在擔(dān)任W=1時(shí),問(wèn)到生產(chǎn)信號(hào); 作為在Q=1時(shí),信號(hào)線可以生產(chǎn)W. 節(jié)目時(shí),它是第一個(gè)功能,但仍是第二個(gè)功能不用軟件P3口提前成立. 這不是硬件是在自動(dòng)有兩個(gè)功能outputted當(dāng)CPU進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義和尋求地點(diǎn)(所在地或字節(jié))訪P3口/不是在持久排隊(duì),有在硬件門閂促使=1.THE經(jīng)營(yíng)原則P3口類似于P1口.生產(chǎn)級(jí)的P3口,P1,P1,內(nèi)有連接負(fù)載阻力劃,每個(gè)人可以帶動(dòng)4產(chǎn)出模型LSTTL載荷. 而作為輸入口,任何NMOS電路可驅(qū)動(dòng)TTL或P1