英語句子成分講解清晰版2

1、一、介紹與其重要性一、介紹與其重要性l句子是寫作的基本單位，只有寫好句子才有可能寫好文章。英語的句子成分有八種： 主語主語、謂語動詞、表語、賓語、謂語動詞、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、主語補足語和賓語補足語。定語、狀語、主語補足語和賓語補足語。 學會判斷句子成分對以后學習難句奠定了基礎。英語句子的構成也有其特定的規(guī)律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常見句式和詞語的習慣搭配，就能寫出完整、正確的句子。句子成分與結構句子成分與結構英語的句子成分：英語的句子成分： l一）一） 主語：主語： Walls have ears. He will take you to the hospital. To see is

2、to believe. Smoking is not allowed in public places. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.l二）謂語謂語由_擔任。助動詞或情態(tài)動詞加其他動詞的適當形式也構成謂語動詞。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 動詞動詞/動詞短語動詞短語名詞名詞代詞代詞to do不定式不定式doing

3、動名詞動名詞句子句子lMy father is a professor. lEverything here is expensive. lThe match became very exciting. lThree times five is fifteen.lHis plan is to seek work in the city. lMy first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 三）表語表語 它的位置在它的位置在_之后。之后。是用來說明主語的是用來說明主語的_,_, _的的.系動詞、連系動詞系動詞、連系動詞性質性質特征特征狀態(tài)狀

4、態(tài)名詞名詞 n形容詞形容詞 adjadj數(shù)詞數(shù)詞to do不定式不定式句子句子（四）賓語（四）賓語 表示動作的對象，是動作的承受者。賓語一表示動作的對象，是動作的承受者。賓語一般放在般放在_之后。之后。_詞后也會跟賓語。詞后也會跟賓語。l We havent seen her for a long time. l He wants to dream a nice dream. l We need know what others are doing. l We should care more about our friends. 動詞動詞/動詞短語動詞短語介詞介詞代詞代詞 pronto do

5、不定式不定式句子句子介詞介詞+名詞名詞（五）定語（五）定語 是修飾是修飾_詞詞.單詞作定語時通常放在它所修單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的名詞之飾的名詞之_；短語和從句作定語時則放在它所修飾；短語和從句作定語時則放在它所修飾的名詞之的名詞之_。lThey are woman workers. lMary is a beautiful girl. lChina is a developing country. lI have nothing to eat. lThose who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 名名前前后后 名詞名

6、詞形容詞形容詞 adj現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 doingto do 不定式不定式從句從句六）狀語六）狀語 狀語表示地點、時間、原因、目狀語表示地點、時間、原因、目的、結果、條件、的、結果、條件、讓步讓步、伴隨情況等。、伴隨情況等。l The best fish swim near the bottom. l I left the village five years ago. l I arrived late because of the traffic jam .l Well send a car to fetch you. l The fish can eat a person in two m

7、inutes , leaving only bonesl The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.l If he goes, so will I . l Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 地點狀語地點狀語時間狀語時間狀語原因狀語原因狀語目的狀語目的狀語結果狀語結果狀語伴隨狀語伴隨狀語條件狀語條件狀語讓步狀語讓步狀語七）賓語補足語。七）賓語補足語。英語有些及物動詞，除了要有賓語之英語有些及物動詞，除了要有賓語之外，還要加上賓語補足語，才能使句子的意義完整。外，還要加上賓語補足語，

8、才能使句子的意義完整。lThey elected me captain of the team. l We try to make our country strong. l We found everything in good order there. l I should advise you to get the chance. l I saw him going upstairs. 名詞名詞形容詞形容詞介詞短語介詞短語to do 不定式不定式現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 doing賓語和賓語補足語一起構成賓語和賓語補足語一起構成動詞的動詞的復合結構復合結構八）主語補足語八）主語補足語 如果上述結

9、構變成被動語態(tài)，原賓語成如果上述結構變成被動語態(tài)，原賓語成為主語，為主語，原賓語補足語相應地變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語原賓語補足語相應地變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語lI was elected captain of the team.l Our country will be made strong.與賓語補足語一樣與賓語補足語一樣二二.五種簡單句基本句型五種簡單句基本句型l主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語l主語主語+謂語謂語+間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語l主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語+賓語補足語賓語補足語動詞動詞系動詞系動詞不及物動詞不及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞主語主語+系系+表語表語主語主語+謂語謂語1主語主語 +

10、 謂語謂語1）The sun is shining. 主語 謂語2）The train leaves at 7:40. 主語 謂語l_搭配：The teacher teaches well. The child walks very slowly.l_搭配： The girl looked at the picture. The children ran to the forest.動詞副詞動詞副詞動詞介詞動詞介詞Exercisel我每天起的很早，走到小花園，坐在凳子上。l小鳥在樹上歡快的歌唱，魚兒在池塘 里自由的嬉戲，我玩得也高興. _l_.Every day I get up early,

11、 walk to the park and sit on the bench.The birds sings happily in the tree, the fish plays freely in the pool and I also enjoys myself.1）This food tastes good.、 主語主語 系動詞系動詞 表語表語 2）The city will become rich. 主語主語 系動詞系動詞 表語表語l在這類結構中最常用的系動詞是：在這類結構中最常用的系動詞是： “變化變化”類：類：_. “狀態(tài)或狀態(tài)或感官感官”類類: _. “持續(xù)持續(xù)”類：類：_.

12、其他：（似乎）其他：（似乎）_ _ (證明是證明是)_get/ become/ turn/grow/gobe/taste/ smell/ feel/look/soundstay/ keep/remainSeem appearturn out/ prove(to be)2主語主語 + 系動詞系動詞 + 表語表語Exercisesl你的故事聽起來很有趣。_.l把魚放在冰箱里，否則它會變壞的。_.l這種炎熱的天氣將會保持幾天。_.l這個計劃證明是可行的。_.You story sounded very interesting.Put the fish into fridge, or they wil

13、l go bad.The hot day will remain/stay/ keep a few days.The plan turned out/proved （to be) practical.3主語主語 + 謂語謂語 + 賓語賓語1）The boss employed five more workers. 主語 謂語 賓語2）My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.3）Few students like taking exams.4）He forgot to close the door.5）I hope I can speak En

14、glish fluently. Exercisel他因為車子開得太快而違反了交通規(guī)則。_.l他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快將其喝光。_.l他許諾給我一個禮物。_.He drove so fast that he broke the traffic rules.He took out a beer and drank it up quickly.He promised to give me a gift.4主語主語 + 謂語謂語 + 間接賓語間接賓語 + 直接賓語直接賓語1）He has fetched us some new textbooks. 主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語2）Grandma coo

15、ked us a nice meal. 主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語 3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject. 4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.可接雙賓語的常見動詞有：可接雙賓語的常見動詞有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise l順便問一下，她把錢付給你了嗎？_.l下學期誰教你們生物？_.lMr. White告訴我為什么他要出國。_.By the way, has she paid you money?Who will teach you biology?Mr. White told me why he went abroad.5主語主語 + 謂語謂語 + 賓語賓語 + 賓語補足語賓語補足語1）The villagers didnt allow them to do this. 主語 謂語 賓語 賓語補足語 2）I will keep the box in t