牛津初中英語語法 (2)

1、7A Unit 1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (is /am/are, do / does)的肯定、否定和疑問形式。例：My hair is long. Cats eat fish.He goes to school on foot every day.7A Unit 21人稱代詞 主格 ：I , you , he, she, it, we, they. 在句中作主語。例： We/ I / You/ They have lunch at school. He / She/ It looks at me.2人稱代詞 賓格 ：me, you, him, her, it, us, them在句中作賓語。 例： Th

2、e teacher often helps us / me/ him/ her/ them.7A Unit 31. 時(shí)間介詞 at, on, in2. 疑問詞：what, which, who, whose, when, where, why, how3. some, any 的用法7A Unit 41 頻率副詞 never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always2 There be 結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某個(gè)地方客觀存在”。7A Unit 5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) is/ am/are + doing 表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.7A Unit 61. can , may表示“

3、允許、可以”。2. 順序副詞： first, then, next, afterwards, finally.7B Unit 11 方位介詞：in front of, between, next to, between, opposite, on2 基數(shù)詞：one, two, three, four,3 序數(shù)詞：first, second, third, fourth.7B Unit 21. how much, how many.表示“多少”， 前者跟不可數(shù)名詞，后者跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。2. 名詞所有格: Millies home, The two students homes.3. 形容詞性物

4、主代詞：my, your, his , her, our, their, its 名詞性物主代詞：mine, yours, his, her, ours, theirs, its 4. 定冠詞the的用法: 獨(dú)一無二的，前文已提到過的。7B Unit 31 動(dòng)作介詞： across, along, through, over, to, up, down, round, from2 一般將來時(shí)：will +動(dòng)詞原形， shall + 動(dòng)詞原形（但只能用于we/ I 第一人稱） is/ am/ are going to + 動(dòng)詞原形7B Unit 4 一般過去時(shí)的肯定、否定和疑問形式。1 be 動(dòng)

5、詞的過去式：was/ were2 do（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）的過去式分規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩類。7B Unit 51 用can/ could表示“能力”“會(huì)”。I can speak English. I could swim when I was young.2 用can/ could 表示“可能”“可能性”。I am free. I can help you. At that time, anything could happen.3 感嘆句 What a good girl! What bad weather! How nice it is!7B Unit 61. 祈使句的肯定形式和否定形式：Walk t

6、he dog at 7:00. (Please) dont chase the cat.2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should, ought to & must 的用法should (應(yīng)該)/ shouldnt(不應(yīng)該)，ought to(應(yīng)該)/ ought not to（不應(yīng)該）, must (必須)/ mustnt (不可以，不允許)。8A Unit 11. 描述性形容詞，如：short, long, round, interesting,funny, slim, important, beautiful等。2形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 規(guī)則的bigger / the biggest more

7、important/ the most important 不規(guī)則的 worse / the worst3. 表示“比較”的句式：as + 形容詞+as - “和。一樣” not as / so + 形容詞 + as“。不如?！?A Unit 21 比較兩者間的數(shù)量用以下句式：more.than, fewer.than., less than 例： I have more / fewer apples than you. (后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞) I have more / less free time than he/ him.（后跟不可數(shù)名詞） 2比較兩者以上間的數(shù)量用 the most, the

8、 fewest, the least. 例： Amy scored the most/ fewest points of all. Daniel has the least money of the three.3用 like & alike 來比較。例： My skirt is / looks like hers. = My skirt and hers are alike. 4. 用詞組 the same as & be different from來比較8A Unit 31. and, but, or(或者)的用法。 2. 動(dòng)詞+ to do 這些動(dòng)詞有：plan, ag

9、ree, want, decide, choose, hope, learn, prepare等。3反身代詞：myself, yourself, yourselves, ourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves 8A Unit 4 由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句1. 用來描述可能出現(xiàn)的情況，主句時(shí)態(tài)用將來時(shí)，如： If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.2用來描述反復(fù)的、可預(yù)見的情況，主句時(shí)態(tài)用一般時(shí)。如： If tigers are hungry, they attack peopl

10、e.8A Unit 51. 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示“將來”。如：The train leaves at 9:00.2用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“將來”，如：We are leaving for Shanghai this evening.3方式副詞：quietly, gently, easily, well往往由形容詞+ly變成副詞，如：quiet quietly, easyeasily, possible possibly 少數(shù)副詞和形容詞同形，如：fast, early, long 等。注意：goodwell, nearnearly , hard - hardly8A Unit 6 1. 表示原因的連詞：

11、because , as, since. (這些詞放在原因從句之前，主句不能再用so.)2.表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議的句式：tell / ask / order /advise / warn sb. (not) to do sth.8B Unit 1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1. 結(jié)構(gòu)： have / has + PP 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。2. 肯定、否定和疑問形式3. 常用的一些時(shí)間狀語，如：already, ever, for, since, just, never, yet等。4. for + 一段時(shí)間， since + 過去的一點(diǎn)時(shí)間/ 用過去式的從句，相對(duì)應(yīng)的主句動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如

12、：leave - be away, die - be dead, borrow - keep, buyhave, come -be here, join - be in/ be a member of 等。如：He has left already.He has been away for two hours.8B Unit 21. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was / were + doing 表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的 。2. 肯定、否定和疑問形式.3. while 和 when在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)中的用法： 進(jìn)行時(shí)+ while +進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去式，while + 進(jìn)行時(shí) = when +過去式，進(jìn)行時(shí)例：I

13、was doing my homework while my father was watching TV. The bell rang while he was reading books. When the bell rang, he was reading books. (以上這兩句主從句前后可以互換)8B Unit 3被動(dòng)語態(tài)1 結(jié)構(gòu)：be + PP 時(shí)態(tài)變化都只改變be 的各種形式2 肯定、否定和疑問形式3 不是所有的動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)形式，如感覺動(dòng)詞: feel, smell, look, taste, sound 和 happen, take place 等。4 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，如

14、: This shirt sells well.（詳細(xì)見課件復(fù)習(xí)）8B Unit 41. because, because of, so 的用法。because + 從句， because of +短語 (but: what you said), 兩者后都跟原因。so 后跟結(jié)果的從句。同一句子中，不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)because/ because of和 so.2hope & wish的用法 hope 所希望的是有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，但wish所希望的是現(xiàn)在不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 如：I hope you can come to my party. I wish I were the President.3

15、.主語 hope to do sth., 主語hope其他人做某事，要跟從句。 wish可用來向某人祝福，如： I wish you a happy new year!8B Unit 51. 賓語從句(陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句)2. used to & be used to 的用法used to do 意思為：過去常常，過去曾。如：He used to be a teacher. He used to get up early. be used to doing / sth.意思為：習(xí)慣于做某事，如： He is used to the bad weather. He is us

16、ed to getting up early.8B Unit 6三個(gè)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：1 Its +形容詞 + that 從句，如：It is necessary that we help the elderly.2. Its + 形容詞 + to do sth.， 如：Its useful to learn English well.3. Its +形容詞+ for sb (not). to do sth.，如：Its necessary for us to protect the environment.9A Unit 11. 句式：It is +形容詞（性格）+of sb.+ (not) to

17、do sth. 如：Its kind of you to help me.2. 句式： 主語+ be +形容詞+enough + to do sth. 如： They are patient enough to wait for me for 2 hours.3. 句子的不同成分：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語。9A Unit 21 固定結(jié)構(gòu)：would ratherthan寧愿。也不愿。如：On such a rainy day, I would rather stay at home than go out.2 固定結(jié)構(gòu)：prefer to 寧愿。不愿。， 比起。更喜歡。如：I pre

18、fer red to blue. On such a rainy day, I prefer staying at home to going out.3 不定代詞：someone /somebody, anyone / anybody, no one / nobody something, anything, nothing, none 作主語時(shí)為單數(shù)，形容詞后置。9A Unit 31. 疑問詞+ to do 如：I dont know how to do it./ what to do. We havent decided when to have the meeting.2句子種類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句。3賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：We find him a good boy / good.4. 5種句子結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+ 謂語 Millie is reading. 主語+ 謂語+ 賓語 Millie is reading a book. 主語+ 謂語+ 表語 Millie is here. 主語 + 謂語間接賓語直接賓語We gave him a book. 主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ) We call him Tom. 9A Unit 41. 介詞短語：between. and., from. to.2. 連詞：before, afte