American Pronunciation Workshop

1、Pronunciation WorkshopInstructor：Paul GruberIntroduction：（01：17-02：27）When you learned English as a second language, you kept many of the sounds and speech rules from your first language and you were continuing to use them when you speak English. This is what gives you an accent. You were using

2、 the sounds and speech rules from your native language instead of the sounds and speech rules of English. This program will show you and train you on how to use these sounds and speech rules correctly and showing you how to correctly form new sounds by changing the position of your tongue or ch

3、anging the shape of your lips. These small changes are going to make very big changes in your speech. How to Practice（02：35-03：15）Speak slowlyUse a Loud VoiceExaggerate Your Mouth MovementsWhat would you be doing is retraining the muscles of your mouth in your tongue to move in new ways, which

4、will produce a new pronunciation patterns. These new speech patterns will slowly and eventually involve into your own spontaneous fast speech, but it is important that you start out going very slow. The Key to Success（03：15-05：15）Being aware of your errorsRecognizing mistakes when you hear

5、 themWhen most Americans speak you will notice that we seem to open our mouth a lot and there is a great amount of mouth movements. Arrangement of this program（05：15-05：45）During the course of this program, I will begin by addressing consonant sounds and then later on well work with vowel sound

6、s. Now vowel sounds, as you know, are A E I O and U, like ahh, ohh, eee, ehh, ihh and ooo. And consonant sounds are basically all the other letters sounds, like b, ch, s, t, f, g, sh, w and of course, there are many many more sounds.Session One 輔音R和W的發(fā)音方法與訓練1. Consonant R2. Consonant W R Tips（0

7、7：07-09：00）Mouth and lips come tightly forward as if you would be saying the OO sound.Tongue moves back.Now one way of checking if youre doing this correctly with your tongue is by actually putting your finger around an inch into your mouth while saying an R sound.You should be able to take the tip

8、of your finger and feel the tip of your tongue. Practice (09:00-12:34)R at the beginning of words (like Rock Rain)Bringing your mouth forward and pulling your tongue back.R at the end of words or after a vowel (like Car Far Air Poor)Your tongue hasta pull back and also your lips close

9、 a little bit in the front. The R needs to be very strong and you need to close the word.R in the middle of words(like Very Arrange Everyone)Your tongue is back and your lips are coming all the way forward. R Blends (12:34-14:10)The R is always the strongest sound of the blend.Your li

10、ps come forward before you even say the word.When the blend is at the beginning of a word, your mouth prepares for the R, by coming forward before you even say the word. R blends at the beginning of words(Training Trust)R blends in the middle of words（Subtract Waitress） W Tips（similar to R

11、）(15:34-17:42)Practice first with OO.Then go into OOOOOWAWAWA.Remember, A W is always makes a W sound. It NEVER makes a V sound.Remember, the W sound is also at the beginning of the words One and Once. Practice (17:43-19:24)W at the beginning of words（like Why Which ）W in the mid

12、dle of words（like Always Away）Dont forget to bring your mouth forward at the beginning of each word. Q sounds (Q=KW) (19:24-20:18)For example, the word Quick is pronounced with the K and the strong W sound. KWICK, like that.Session Two (22:50-44:25) 由學S與Z音標引出的輔音對比練習1. Voicing2. Conson

13、ant pairs3. Consonant S4. Consonant Z Voicing Voicing is when your vocal cords are vibrating in your throat, producing a sound. All vowels are voiced. Some consonants are voiced, some are not. (24:35-26:23) Paired Consonants: (26:23-29:11)P&B   T&D   F

14、&V   SH&ZSH   K&G   S&Z Consonant S & Consonant Z : (29:11-30:00)The S consonant, made with the air going through your front teeth. /s/ the S sound is unvoiced.You just add voicing. What would the S sound become /s/-/z/. It will become

15、 a Z sound/z/. So S has no voicing /s/, Z has voicing/z/. So we say the S sound and Z sound are also Pair Consonants. And this brings us to what I would like to cover today-S sounds/s/, Z sounds /z/and how they work in terms of word endings. Three rules for S&Z endings (30:11-38:27)Rul

16、e 1If the last sound in a word is unvoiced, and youre adding an S, well, then the S remains unvoiced, too.Examples:1 cup, 2 cups (the p in cup is unvoiced, so you just add an unvoiced s)I break, he breaksRule 2If a word ends in any of these sounds: s, z, sh, ch, or dg (j), when adding an S endi

17、ng, add IZZZZZZExamples:1 Page 2 PagesI Raise, He RaisesRule 3If a word ends in a vowel sound (like the word Tree) or a voiced consonant (like the word Game), then when you add an S, continue the voicing throughout the entire word, and it should become a voiced

18、0;ZZZZ.Examples:1 Tree, 2 Treezzzz (correctly spelled Trees)1 Day, 2 DaysI Fly, He Flies Some common words where Ss are pronounced as Zs (38:27-39:50)Is  His  As  Was  These  Those  Easy  Because Session Three (44:41-61:15) t

19、h,thr,t音標發(fā)音學習與練習1. The Unvoiced TH Sound2. The Voiced TH Sound3. THR Blends4. Voicing the T Sound The Unvoiced TH Sound (46:55-49:53)Flat tongue protruding through your teeth. Maintain a steady air stream. Stretch out the TH sound.Example:Think of the word Thumb as having two beatsTh . umb

20、1   2Unvoiced TH at the beginning of words(Thanks Thick)Unvoiced TH at the middle of words(Anything Bathmat)Unvoiced TH at the end of words(Bath North) The Voiced TH Sound (49:53-53:05)To make a voiced TH soundð, you just need to add voicing to the unvoiced th sound. Theres

21、the voiced TH. You should be able to feel the strong vibration in your throat and on your tongueð.Voiced TH at the beginning of words (The That)Voiced TH in the middle of words (Clothing Mother)Voiced TH at the end of words (Smooth Bathe) THR Blends: the combination of TH sound and th

22、e R sound (55:18-56:30)Be aware that the R is the strongest sound of the blend and its louder than the TH. So when you say a word which begins with THR. First make the TH sound and then strongly push out the R.(Thread throw)  TH Exceptions (58:20-60:47)Although the following

23、 words are spelled with a TH, they are pronounced as a T.Thomas Thompson Theresa Thailand Thames Esther ThymeVoicing the T SoundIf a T falls within two voiced sounds (usually vowels), the T becomes voiced like a D.Examples: Water Wader (the whole word is voiced)Better Bedder     

24、Butter Budder Voiced T PracticeBetty bought a bit of better butter. But, said she, this butters bitter. If I put it in my batter, itll make my batter bitter.Session Four(61:28-80:21) F,V,SH和ZSH發(fā)音詳解及區(qū)別1. Consonant F2. Consonant V3. The Unvoiced SH Sound4. The Voiced SH Sound&

25、#160;Consonants F and V (62:40-63:39)Consonants F and V are produced with contact of your upper teeth and lower lip. Think of it as biting your lower lip. Maintain a steady air stream.They are both identical, except the F is unvoiced, and the V is voiced.Fs and Vs are friction sounds and not th

26、at loud. So we stretch these sounds out a little bit, so they can be clearly heard. Practice F and V (63:40-72:46)The OF ExceptionNOT OF. BUT OV. The Unvoiced SH Sound (72:48-73:36)To make the Unvoiced SH sound, bring your mouth and lips forward, teeth should be slightly apart. P

27、roduce air stream. Words beginning with SH begin with this sound. (So are the words Sugar, Sure, Chef and Chicago.) SH practice (73:36-76:29) The Voiced SH Sound  (76:29-77:00)The Voiced SH sound is exactly like the SH except voicing is added. To produce this sound, first make a

28、sound and then you add voicing - -, like that. . Now, for some people this may take a little bit of practice, you should feel the vibrations right here in your throat .SH practice (77:00-78:31)Usual(Uzshual) Put your hand on your throat and feel for the vibration in the second syllable U-Z

29、SHU-AL.Session Five (80:25-93:20) 輔音L的發(fā)音詳解1. Consonant L L Tips: (81:05-83:05)Your bottom jaw should be down and your mouth should be wide open.Your tongue should RISE UP (independently of your jaw) and touch right behind your top teeth.Produce the L sound by dropping and relaxing you

30、r tongue.Practice “LA, LA, LA”, keeping your bottom jaw lowered and open while only raising your tongue. Practice(83:05-87:48) To produce an L at the end of a word, remember to slowly raise your tongue upward, towards your upper teeth, while keeping your bottom jaw as open as possible. The

31、 L sound comes from the tongue movement, not from the placement. (Using your finger to push down on your bottom teeth to keep your jaw open, may be helpful for practicing.) FL Blend (87:48-89:05)Here we re combining two sounds that we have already covered. The F sound and now the L sound.

32、Don t forget to first bite your lips for that F/f/, like that and then quickly push your tongue up and against your teeth for the L to creat the FL blend Fly  Comparing R and L(90:52-92:12)Keep in mind when you re producing an L, your tongue moves forward and up behind your tip. When you r

33、e producing an R sound, your lips move forward but your tongue moves all the way back. Basically, the L and the R are completely opposite sounds. L and R Combinations (92:12-93:02)These words and phrases having an L sound and an R sound right next to each other. This forces you to make a clear

34、L and then roll it right into a strong R.Example: Seal ringSession Six(93:30-106:35) 單詞結(jié)尾的注意事項1.Word EndingsOften people who speak English as a second language drop the endings or final sounds off their words, well, they do not pronunce the final sounds correctly.Make sure that the final sounds in y

35、our words come through clearly and fully. Dont drop off or shorten the endings!(94:12- 95:50) Practice P/B/T/D ending (95:50-98:48) Three rules for ED endings(98:48-103:10)Many verbs that are in the past tense end in ED. Rule 1If a word ends in an unvoiced consonant, when adding

36、ED, just add an Unvoiced TExample: Jump jumped. (pronounced jump T) Rule 2If a word ends in a voiced consonant, add a Voiced DExample: Rub Rubbed   Today I rub, yesterday I rubbed. (pronounced rub-D) Rule 3If a word ends in a T or a D sound, we add a Voiced IDExample: Lift Lifted

37、  Today, I lift the ball. Yesterday, I lifted the ball. Three Nasal Sounds: M N NG(104:09-106:15)Try to say the M sound /m/ while closing off your nose. You see you can not do it. Because the M sound comes out of your nose. Its the nasal sound.Same thing with the NG sound- - comes out of y

38、our nose. Its a combination of a N and a G and its found at the ends of words, like Ring and Sing. And I want you to realize that theres not a /k/ K sound.Session Seven (106.48-118:02) 音標字母組合ch，dg和h1. CH sound 2. The American J sound (DG)3. Consonant H Ch sound and J sound (107:37-109

39、:24)CH Unvoiced as in Ch-ur-ch, Its a combination of the T sound/t/ and the SH sound . When you put these two sounds together, you get a . Its an unvoiced sound. American J Voiced as in J-u-dge, if you take this CH sound and you keep everything in your mouth the same, you just add voicing.

40、 It becomes an American J sound . CH , unvoiced. J, voiced. Practice(109:24-113:20) Consonant H (113:28-114:12)When an H is at the beginning of a word it is pronounced with a strong, loud air-stream. Practice: Ha. Ha Ha.Put your hand in front of your mouth for this exercise. You shoul

41、d be able to feel the airstream come out onto the palm of your hand.Note that some words in English that begin with the letter W are also pronunced just like an HPractice (114:12-117:09) Session Eight (118:14-129:48) 美語元音ee和i1. American English Vowels2. Vowel EE3. Vowel IAmerican English V

42、owels (118:47-120:18) There are five vowel letters in English: A E I O and U. But there are around 15 vowel sounds and some vowels have as many as 10 different spellings. Vowel sounds are made by slightly changing the Size, Shape and the Tension of the muscle in your mouth, your tongu

43、e and your lips. A small change can produce an entirely different sound. Instead of giving you diagrams of tongue placement-how round your lips should be or how far you should open your mouth. I believe the best way to learn American vowels is by Ear Training. Listen carefully and repeat. To he

44、lp teach you the American vowel sounds, I ll separate them to two groups: front vowels and back vowels. When your tongue rises up in the front, it s a front vowel. When your tongue rises up in the back, it s a back vowel Front Vowels: (From high to low)(120:18-123:50)EE - I - AE - EH A  &#

45、160; i:   i    ei    e    æ EE as in HeatI as in HitAE as in HateEH as in Het (nonsense word)A as in HatHeat - Hate - Het - Hat Back Vowels: (From high to low) (121:45-122:59)OO - Uh - Oh - Aw - Ah   u:   u   

46、      OO as in BootUh as in BookOh as in BoatAw as in BoughtAh as in Bot (nonsense word)Boot - Book - Boat - Bought Bot Comparing Heat (EE) and Hit (I)(122:59-129:42)Remember: Heat is high. Hit is lower.EE Vowel SoundRemember, smile and think high.i vowel sound Ses

47、sion Nine(130:00-144:42) 元音ow和ae1. Vowel OW2. Vowel AE Vowel O (131:10-132:45)The Hidden W: OWE, OWE, OWE, OWE, OWE Woke and Wont(134:51-137:50)Practice: WOWOWOWOWOWoke： Whoa（W）+KWon't： Whoa（W）+ntVowel AE (137:50-138:22)This sound is a combination of two vowel sounds. You start with an

48、 A and then you glide up to an E. AE, AE. Notice how my mouth also closes a little bit at the end of the vowel AE.The 50 United States (Stressed sounds are in bold)(140:35-144:25)Alabama  Alaska   Arizona  Arkansas  CaliforniaColorado  Connecticut  Delawa

49、re  Florida  GeorgiaHawaii  Idaho  Illinois  Indiana  Iowa   Kansas Kentucky  Louisiana  Maine  MarylandMassachusetts  Michigan  Minnesota  Mississippi  Missouri Montana  Nebraska  Nevada

50、60; New Hampshire  New Jersey  New Mexico  New York  North Carolina  North Dakota  Ohio Oklahoma  Oregon   Pennsylvania  Rhode Island  South Carolina  South Dakota  Tennessee  Texas  &#

51、160;Utah  Vermont Virginia  Washington  West Virginia  Wisconsin WyomingSession Ten(144:52-154:18) 元音字母組合oo,uh,eh1. Vowel OO2. Vowel UH3. Vowel EH OO Vowel Sound(146:08-146:37)Bring your lips tight and forward  Double OO words that are pronounced as UH(14

52、8:18-149:19)Food has a high vowel (OO)Foot has a lower vowel (UH)  EH Vowel Sounds(151:51-152:12)It s made with the front of the tongue low. Session Eleven(154:29-163:09) 元音字母組合a,au和ah1. Vowel A as in Hat2. Vowel AU as in Out3. Vowel AH as in Top A Vowel Sound(155:20-155:49)Your

53、mouth has to be wide open. AU Vowel Sound(156:47-158:34)This is an important sound! If mispronounced, it can often make you misunderstood.Begin this sound with the A sound as in hatThen, slide your mouth forward to form a small W sound.Example: Downtown. DA wnTA wnDowntown Downtown Are VS

54、Our(159:59-161:02)Are (Close with strong R sound, tongue retracts back.)Are you going?Our (Begin with the AU sound (A as in Hat), Then close your mouth and say Were.)Our meeting is in one hour.Pronounced as AU-WERE (The word Hour is also pronounced the same way).Session Twelve(163:21-176:4

55、2) 英語繞口令練習1. Tongue Twisters F, W, Voiced Z(164:49-165:46)Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear, Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair. Fuzzy Wuzzy wasnt fuzzy, was he? Voiced V (165:46-166:18)Vincent vowed vengeance very viciously. P (166:18-167:33)Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.A peck of pickled p

56、eppers Peter Piper picked.If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,How many peppers did Peter Piper pick? SH, S and Z(167:33-168:49)She sells seashells by the seashore.The shells she sells are surely seashells.So if she sells shells on the seashore,Im sure she sells seashore shells. 

57、;W, CH, and Final Consonants(168:49-169:54)How much wood, would a woodchuck chuck,If a woodchuck could chuck wood?He would chuck, he would, as much as he could,And chuck as much wood as a woodchuck wouldIf a woodchuck could chuck wood. W(169:54-171:31)Which witch, wished which wicked wish?While

58、 we were walking, we were watching window washers wash Washingtons windows with warm washing water.If two witches would watch two watches, which witch would watch which watch? R(171:31-172:05)Roberta ran rings around the Roman ruins. B, BR, and BL blends(172:05-172:39)Bradleys big black ba

59、th brush broke.Bradleys big black bath brush broke. TH(172:39-174:15)Tom threw Tim thirteen thumbtacks.He threw three free throws.There are thirty-three thousand birthdays on the third of every month.The father gathered smooth feathers for Thanksgiving.The sixth graders are enthusiastic about J

60、onathans birthday. GR, and GL blends(174:15-174:44)Green glass globes glow greenly. L, OO vowel(174:44-175:20)Aluminum Linoleum, Aluminum Linoleum, Aluminum Linoleum, Wont(175:20-175:58)I would if I could! But I cant, so I wont! Woke(175:58-176:31)I woke, he woke, she woke, they woke. We all woke up.Session Thirteen(176:53-190:10) 吞音及語音語調(diào)練習1. Phrase Reductions2. Intonation Phrase Phrase Reductions(177:37-181:42)Phrase Reductions: in conversational English, words are often broken down or not fully pronunc