2016年托福寫作真題及解析

1、2016 年托福寫作真題及解析為了讓大家更好的準(zhǔn)備托?？荚嚕o大家整理了托福真題解析,下面就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。2016 年托福閱讀真題及解析 1托福閱讀第一篇 歐洲人口增加原文回顧： 歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相關(guān)， 工業(yè)化和食物的增長(zhǎng)促進(jìn)了人口 的增長(zhǎng)。高速城市化： 人們開始從鄉(xiāng)下往城鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)移， 因此帶來(lái)了工作， 生活資料等一系列的變化。 細(xì)節(jié)講到了熟練工和普通人的區(qū)別， 考了 兩個(gè)題。最后講到了人口的增加導(dǎo)致人均工資下降的問(wèn)題。學(xué)習(xí)：After a century of virtually no population growth, the countries of WesternEurope e

2、xperienced dramatic population increases between 1750 and 1800. Manycountries doubled in size. In some countries, the growth continued through thenineteenth century. The population of Great Britain, for instance, doubled between 1750 and 1800 and then tripled between 1800 and 1900.There were several

3、 reasons for the sudden increase. Medical advances and improved hygiene limited the devastation caused by epidemic diseases and plagues. The introduction of new food crops, most notably the potato, provided a better diet for the poor and reduced the incidence of famine. The combination of greater pu

4、blic order and fewer civil wars meant that life was less hazardous.The net result was a lower death rate and soaring populations.The growing population, with a rising proportion of children to raise and older people to care for, put increased pressure on every aspect of society. Many peasantswere no

5、 longer able to provide land for their children, who were forced to look for other ways to make their living. Small artisans in the cities suffered similar problems, unable to provide places for their children in their own workshops.The exact relationship between population growth and industrializat

6、ion is unclear, though the two are clearly intertwined. (Even countries that were late to industrialize shared in the general population increase, and its related problems.) What is clear is that the growth in population increased the demandfor both food and manufactured goods and provided an abunda

7、nce of cheap labor to produce them.托福閱讀第二篇 非洲鐵技術(shù)的發(fā)展 原文回顧：非洲鐵的發(fā)展，非洲曾經(jīng)是被殖民的地方，殖民者大 量開采非洲的鐵礦資源， 并且他們?cè)诜侵薮笠?guī)模的用鐵礦資源冶煉金 屬，牽扯到起源， 誰(shuí)把鐵的技術(shù)引進(jìn)非洲，以及鐵技術(shù)之后的發(fā)展和 改變。注意這篇閱讀有地圖。學(xué)習(xí)：(1)The African Iron Age is traditionally considered that period in Africabetween the second century AD up to about 1000 AD, when iron smelt

8、ing waspracticed. In Africa, unlike the Europe and Asia, the Iron Age is not prefacedby a Bronze or Copper Age, but rather all the metals were brought together. Theadvantages of iron over stone are obvious-iron is much more efficient at cutting trees or quarrying stone than stone tools. But iron sme

9、lting technologyis a smelly, dangerous one. This brief essay covers Iron Age up to the end of the first millennium AD.Pre-Industrial Iron Ore TechnologyTo work iron, one must extract the ore from the ground and break it into pieces, then heat the pieces to a temperature of at least 1100 degrees cent

10、igrade under controlled conditions.African Iron Age people built a cylindrical clay furnace and used charcoal and a hand-operated bellows to reach the level of heating for smelting. Once smelted, the metal was separated from its waste products or slag, and then brought to its shape by repeated hamme

11、ring and heating, called forging.African Iron Age LifewaysFrom the 2nd century AD to about 1000 AD, the Chifumbaze spread iron throughout the largest portion of Africa, eastern and southern Africa. The Chifumbaze were farmers of squash, beans, sorghum and millet, and kept cattle, sheep, goats and ch

12、ickens.They built hill top settlements, at Bosutswe, large villages likeSchroda, and large monumental sites like Great Zimbabwe. Gold, ivory, and glass beadworking and trade was part of many of the societies. Many spoke a form of Bantu;many forms of geometric and schematic rock art are found through

13、out south and eastern Africa.(2)In Africa, where there was no continent-wide universal Bronze Age, theuse of iron succeeded immediately the use of stone.14 Metallurgy was characterized by the absenceof a Bronze Age, and the transition from stone tosteel in tool substances. Sub-Saharan Africa has pro

14、duced very early instancesof carbon steel found to be in production around 2000 years ago in northwestTanzania, based on complex preheating principles. Nubia was one of the relatively few places in Africa to have a sustained Bronze Age along with Egyptand much of the rest of North Africa. The Meroit

15、ic script was developed in theNapata n Period (c. 70300 BC).Iron Age finds in East and Southern Africa, corresponding to the early 1st millennium Bantu expansion.托福閱讀第三篇 美國(guó)鐵路的發(fā)展和影響原文回顧： 說(shuō)的是講美國(guó)鐵路發(fā)展和影響， 先說(shuō)了鐵路給人們帶 來(lái)了很多好處， 后面還說(shuō)鐵路比其他交通工具更為廣泛。 然后大概說(shuō) 17 世紀(jì)的幾個(gè)鐵路說(shuō)明跨越疆域的時(shí)間變得有多短。然后分別寫旅 游和經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。 原來(lái)一個(gè)洲到另一個(gè)洲要好久，

16、現(xiàn)在時(shí)間縮短了很 多。這一篇詞匯題考的比較多，其中有詞匯題qua ntify，很多人可以有 personaltravel。還有一個(gè)問(wèn)題問(wèn)的是對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦挠绊懀f(shuō)他們可以種更加 適合氣候的莊稼，因?yàn)榻煌ǖ谋憬荨W(xué)習(xí)：Early American RailroadsIn 1869, a golden spike linked the Central Pacific Railroad and the UnionPacific Railroad at Promontory, Utah.The development of BB#00081900RAILROADS was one of the most

17、 importantphenomena of the Industrial Revolution. With their formation, construction andoperation, they brought profound social, economic and political change to acountry only 50 years old. Over the next 50 years, America would come to see magnificent bridges and other structures on which trains wou

18、ld run, awesomedepots, ruthless rail magnates and the majesty of rail locomotives crossing the country.The railroad was first developed in Great Britain. A man named BB#00081901GEORGE STEPHENSON successfully applied the steam technology of the day and created the worlds first successful locomotive.

19、The first engines used in the United States were purchased from the BB#00081902STEPHENSON WORKS in England. Even rails were largely imported from England until the Civil War.Americans who had visited England to see new BB#00081903STEAM LOCOMOTIVES wereimpressed that railroads dropped the cost of shi

20、pping by carriage by 60-70%.This stereograph of the Central Pacific Railroad would have appeared three-dimensional when viewed through special glasses.Baltimore, the third largest city in the nation in 1827, had not invested in a canal. Yet, Baltimore was 200 miles closer to the frontier than New Yo

21、rk and soon recognized that the development of a railway could make the city more competitive with New York and the Erie Canal in transporting people and goods to the West. The result was the BB#00081904BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD, the first railroad chartered in the United States. There were great

22、parades on the day the construction started. On July 4, 1828, the first spadesful of earth were turned over by the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence, 91-year-old BB#00081905 CHARLES CARROLL.New railroads came swiftly. In 1830, the BB#00081906 SOUTH CAROLINA CANALAND RAIL-ROAD

23、COMPANY was formed to draw trade from the interior of the state.It had a steam locomotive built at the West Point Foundry in New York City,called BB#00081907THE BEST FRIEND OF CHARLESTON, the first steam locomotive tobe built for sale in the United States. A year later, the Mohawk Hudson railroad re

24、duced a 40-mile wandering canal trip that took all day to accomplishto a 17-mile trip that took less than an hour. Its first steam engine was namedthe DeWitt Clinton after the builder of the Erie Canal.Although the first railroads were successful, attempts to finance new onesoriginally failed as opp

25、osition was mounted by turnpike operators, canal companies, stagecoach companies and those who drove wagons. Opposition wasmounted, in many cases, by tavern owners and innkeepers whose businesses werethreatened. Sometimes opposition turned to violence. Religious leaders decriedtrains as sacrilegious

26、. But the economic benefits of the railroad soon won over the skeptics.Shares were sold to fund the construction of the BO Railroad. In only12 days, the company had raised over $4,000,000.Perhaps the greatest physical feat of 19th century America was the creationof the BB#00081908 TRANSCONTINENTAL R

27、AILROAD. Two railroads, theBB#00081909CENTRAL PACIFIC starting in San Francisco and a new railroad, theUnion Pacific, starting in Omaha, Nebraska, would build the rail-line. Hugeforces of immigrants, mainly Irish for the BB#00081910UNION PACIFIC and Chinesefor the Central Pacific, crossed mountains,

28、 dug tunnels and laid track. The tworailroads met at BB#00081911PROMONTORY, UTAH, on May 10, 1869, and drove a last,golden spike into the completed railway.2016 年托福聽力真題及解析托福聽力 Conversation 1一個(gè)女生上了 professor 的課之后發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)童話挺復(fù)雜的而且有別的含義。然后她開始問(wèn)怎么寫童話故事的assignmen，t 她覺(jué)得跟著傳統(tǒng)寫法很奇怪，教授讓她還是要根據(jù)童話故事的 element 寫，但是 deta

29、il可以不同，舉了 hero的例子，這里出題了。最后那個(gè)女生問(wèn)教 授關(guān)于sett ing,時(shí)間的問(wèn)題，然后這里也有出題。Lecture 1講的是sculpture，主要講一個(gè)藝術(shù)家怎么樣 unconventional方法 去創(chuàng)造那個(gè)雕塑,那個(gè)雕塑有一些地方不成比例的大,這里有出題。 后面也講到,其實(shí)他創(chuàng)造的方法里面也有 typical 的方法。Lecture 2主要講了果蠅怎么用眼睛探測(cè) magneticfield，先講了做個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，有不同的變量，這里有出題問(wèn)。但是光是必 須的。后來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)因?yàn)楣壯劬镉幸环N c 的物質(zhì),讓他們可以 sense磁場(chǎng)。托福聽力 Conversation 2 停車

30、的通行證問(wèn)老師,然后就說(shuō)沒(méi)地方停車?然后那個(gè)人就說(shuō)可能是因?yàn)橛幸粋€(gè)展覽, 而且那個(gè)地方本來(lái)就是個(gè)停車的火爆區(qū)域, 然 后建議女生步行。 然后女生就說(shuō)她有一個(gè)課不方便, 然后那個(gè)人說(shuō)你 可以坐學(xué)校的免費(fèi) SHUTTLEBUS,然后可以給你refund你的卡錢，但是因?yàn)闆](méi)有卡了在哪也不能 停,這個(gè)學(xué)生又提出了一些問(wèn)題,好像是會(huì)影響她周末干嘛,然后她 決定還是去繼續(xù)找PARKING 的地方，找不到再去。Lecture 3講的是古代的一種 disc 上面畫著星星月亮太陽(yáng)的圖案， 但是圖案 的形狀和月相和自然中的事實(shí)是不一致的， 因?yàn)樵铝恋年?yáng)面應(yīng)該對(duì)著 太陽(yáng)，而 disc 上的陰面對(duì)著太陽(yáng) （ 有出題

31、），所以懷疑這個(gè) disc 和 cale ndar有關(guān)，后來(lái)一直都在講這個(gè)和 cale ndar的關(guān)系，一種一個(gè)是 七顆星星組成的圖案，被猜想可能是代表的什么pleiades古代人一般使用的是陰歷， 通常和公歷有一定的誤差， 所以需要補(bǔ)一個(gè)月使他 們的 calendar禾口 solarcale ndar保持一致，因此他們利用這個(gè)disc對(duì)著天空，根據(jù)星團(tuán)和月 亮的位置來(lái)判斷第 13 個(gè)月開始的日期 （有出題），后來(lái)在巴比倫也發(fā) 現(xiàn)了類似的圖案，懷疑可能與宗教有關(guān) （有出題）。Lecture 4冰河世紀(jì)的新仙女木時(shí)間（yd），氣溫在百年內(nèi)忽然升降，可能是 大洋中的 freshwater 的增加導(dǎo)

32、致了影響。突然的降溫使得遷移到高緯度地區(qū)的動(dòng)植 物大批死亡。2016 年托?？谡Z(yǔ)真題及解析托福獨(dú)立口語(yǔ) Task 1： talk about the advantagesof moving to a new place to study or work.在一個(gè)新地方學(xué)習(xí)工作的優(yōu)點(diǎn)Task 1 參考答案：In my opinion, moving to a new place to study or work has the following advantages: first, you have more chances to get to know new and interesting

33、people, which helps to expand your social circle and give you more opportunityto make new friends; for example, I met my best friend Linda, after I was transferred to a new senior high school in a new city. Second, you are also morelikely to be exposed to a new local culture, experiencing totally di

34、fferent life-style or cultural values, which might be totally surprising and fascinating.托福獨(dú)立口語(yǔ) Task 2： do you agree or disagree that students should learn to draw or paintTask 2 參考答案：I agree with the statement, coz first, they offers students a good way to release pressure; nowadays students are un

35、der a huge amount of school work pressure, like we have to take classes almost 8 hours, and deal with endless exam and class assignments; painting or drawing definitely offers a good way toblow off steam or unwind; also, it helps students to enhance artistic taste andoffer the needed inspirations, l

36、ike sometimes when I am stuck in math, a shortperiod of immersion in painting will refresh my mind and help me to crack the problem.2016 年托福寫作真題及解析托福寫作真題回顧A/D: It is more important to read and watch news presented by people whose opinion is different from your own view than by people whose opinion a

37、re similar to yours.名師點(diǎn)睛 題目大意：人們應(yīng)該閱讀或收看與自己觀點(diǎn)不同的人呈現(xiàn)的新聞 而不是接收與自己觀點(diǎn)一致的人呈現(xiàn)的消息。題目的核心是 “是否要聽取與自己觀點(diǎn)相悖的人提供的信息 ”，有些許 抽象，波波建議選擇同意， 即認(rèn)為應(yīng)該去獲取與自己觀點(diǎn)不同的人呈 現(xiàn)的消息。理由如下： 1.有助于獲取全面的信息2.有助于結(jié)交更多的朋友托福寫作參考范文開頭段：With the increasingly diverse means of acquiring information, it has becomea common phenonmen that we are exposed

38、 to conflicting ideas about a singleevent, which has aroused deep social concern. A growing boday of average peopleare wondering whether it is more important to read and watch news presented bypeople whose opinion is different from your own view than by people whoseopinion are similar to yours. From

39、 my pesepective, it is advisable to be a goodlistener to the different viewpoints.中間段：主題句 1：可以獲得最全面的信息。 解釋：任何一個(gè)新聞和事件都不是看上去那么簡(jiǎn)單。 所以每個(gè)人 受限于自己的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)都無(wú)法全面了解一個(gè)事情的真相。 因此，如 果能夠讀到持有不同觀點(diǎn)人帶來(lái)的信息， 可以讓我們重新思考自己的觀點(diǎn)，從而形成更加正確全面的認(rèn)識(shí)。相反，如果一個(gè)人只是片面地有選擇性的聽取與自己趨同的觀點(diǎn)，自己的眼界會(huì)變得狹隘。Firstlly, receiving news presented by people w

40、ith dissenting perspectivecan help people have accessto the comprehensive information and get closer tothe truth of the events. As is common sense, every single event or piece of newsis not as simple as we expect. So it is an indisputable fact that nobody can have a panoramic view of the truth of th

41、e incidents due to the limited experience and knowledge span. In this case, gaining news from our opponentswill definitely deliver a brandnew perspective and make us have a second thoughtof our own viewpoint. In other words, the clashes of different views will temperand refine our opinion about the

42、events, with the result that a whole picture isformed. On the contrary, just selectively listening to the similar ideas, peoplewill become narrow-minded.主題句 2：可以交到更多的朋友。解釋：能夠聽取不同的聲音反映出一個(gè)人具有極大的包容性和謙 遜，這些品質(zhì)會(huì)給別人留下好的印象。因此，會(huì)有更大的可能性和持 有相反觀點(diǎn)的人成為朋友。相反，如果一個(gè)人只能接受己方觀點(diǎn)，他 會(huì)逐漸變得以自我為中心， 不太會(huì)考慮別人的感受， 從而無(wú)法和觀點(diǎn) 向左的人建立友

43、誼，甚至已經(jīng)建立好的友誼也會(huì)因此而破裂。Besides that, another potential benefit of obtaining news from those with opposite view is the higher likelihood to make acquaitance with more people. As is known to all, the way person responds to someone whose opinion differs drastically from theirs reveals their true character

44、. To be specific, being tolerant of different voices about one thing reflects that a person is endowed with the quality of inclusiveness and humbility, which can make him/her leave a good impression on others. Consequently,no one, including those from opposing party, will refuse to become friends wi

45、th humble and inclusive ones. Instead, those solely accepting same opinion are usually self-centered and arrogant so that they not consider others' thought or feeling but impose their ownopinion.Thus it is unlikely that they will build friendship with those with different ideas. Even worse, the

46、alreadly established friendship may also end, once the disagreements occur.結(jié)尾段In a nutshell, it is sensible for people to read or watch news from peoplewith dissenting perspective, in order to gain the whole picture of the news andenlarge the social network.托福寫作題目： Do you agree or disagree with the

47、following statement: it is more important to read or watch the news presented by people who have the similar view than the news presented by those who have different views from you.托福寫作范文： With advent of new technological gadgets, like laptop, tablet and smart phones, people now have accessto all so

48、rts of news sources.In face of the overwhelming news sources, some people tend to watch news thatpresent similar ideas with them, while other prefer to watch news with different perspectives and ideas. I, personally, think it is far better to watch news with distinctive opinions and viewpoints based

49、 on the following reasons.First off, news from various sources are biased and it is quite irrational to read or watch news from a single source, actually it makes better sense to be exposed to news that provide different kinds of ideas. Even though it is very essential for news media to be fair and

50、unbiased, nonetheless, in reality, most of the news media are biased and prejudiced. Part of the reasons is that the news sources can be various, like the government, independent institutions or even think tanks. Lots of media or news agencies use phrases like expert believes, most people agree or o

51、bserves argue that, all of which are pretty much biased since most people is a slippery word. The people might not represent the majority of the people and lack of diversity in terms of race, gender and other demographic factors.Additionally, being exposed to news with distinctive opinions and ideas

52、 canhelp people to develop critical thinking skills and thus have a fair and morejustified stance on certain issues. People varying in past life experience, education background and economic conditions tend to have totally differentopinions on certain issues. Having access to different ideas can bro

53、aden peoples horizons and enrich ones experience. For instance, I took it for granted that every child at an appropriate age has the chance to go to primaryschool until I watched a documentary about the elementary school enrolment inthe poverty-stricken region in my country. Their family can barely

54、feed them andthe local government has little educational resource to provide them propereducation. This documentary totally changed my perspective on the primary schoolenrolment in hinterland.In all, exposure to news with different perspectives has lot of benefits since news sources are generally bi

55、ased, and by watching news with differentopinions we can have a much more fair and clear view. (Word：s 381, By Meng, YanWECHAT: KICKASSTOEFL)2016 年托福真題寫作回憶Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Taking a lot of timeto make an important decision is often considered as a bad quality for

56、 a person.However, some people think that it is a good quality for a person 范文：In the lecture, the professor refutes against the view raised in the reading that algae fuel is problematic, and he think it is very feasible.Firstly, the reading holds that the planting of algae wastes farmland andusable

57、 water, which may lead to food shortage. However, the professor refutesthat Algae are very adaptive and can survive anywhere. They can even grow indirty water and unfertile land. They will not compete with the crops for the growing land.Secondly, the reading claims that equipment for extracting oil from algae is expensive. But the professor disagrees with this by suggesting that the growing speed of algae is very fast, almost 20 times of that of the c