高考二輪英語(yǔ)講義專(zhuān)題完形填空經(jīng)典精講(上)

1、精誠(chéng)凝聚=A，=成就夢(mèng)想 _HIII完形填空經(jīng)典精講（上）主講教師：李俊和北京四中英語(yǔ)教研組長(zhǎng)開(kāi)篇語(yǔ) 題型說(shuō)明完形填空是綜合考察語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言能力的試題。它的具體特征是：1、一般是一篇故事性的短文，難度相當(dāng)于高中第一冊(cè)課文。2、文章長(zhǎng)度為200-250詞左右。3、挖空20個(gè)，空格之間的平均間隔為9個(gè)詞左右。4、文章的第一句話(huà)一般不留空。5、每空的備選答案主要是單個(gè)的詞，超過(guò)一個(gè)詞的只有1-2個(gè)。6、意思的考核代替了純粹的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的考核。7、具有后線(xiàn)索的特征。8、具有連環(huán)題的特點(diǎn)。9、需要填充的詞重點(diǎn)是實(shí)詞。以名詞和動(dòng)詞為主。金題精講題一：From the time each of my chi

2、ldren started school, I packed their lunches. And in each lunch, I _21 a note. Often written on a napkin （餐巾）,it might be a thank-you for a 22 moment, a reminder of something we were happily expecting, or a bit of 23 for the coming test or sporting event.In early grade school they 24 their notes. Bu

3、t as children grow older they become self-conscious（有自我意識(shí)的 ）,and 25 he reached high school, my older son, Marc, informed me he no longer 26 my daily notes. Telling him that he no longer needed to 27 them but I still needed to write them, I 28 until the day he graduated.Six years after high school gr

4、aduation, Marc called and asked if he could move 29 for a couple of months. He had spent those years well, graduating from college, 30 two internship （實(shí)習(xí)）in Washington, D.C., and -31, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento_32_ short vacation visits, however, he had lived away from home. With h

5、is younger sister leaving for college, I was 33 happy to have Marc back. Since I was 34 making lunch for his younger brother, I 35 one for Marc, too. Imagine my 36 when I got a call from my 24-year-old son, 37 h is lunch.“Did I do something 38 ? Don ' t you love me 39 , Momr were just a few of t

6、he questi ons he threw at me as I 40 asked him what was wrong. 翻點(diǎn)亮心燈/（人9）照亮人生翻My nde, Mom, " he answered. "Where' s my note? "21. A. carriedB. foundC. includedD. held22. A. difficultB. specialC. comfortableD. s eparate23. A. congratulationB. improvementC. explanationD. encourageme

7、nt24. A. lovedB. answeredC. wroteD. examined25. A. latelyB. by the wayC. by the timeD. gradually26. A. receivedB. understoodC. enjoyedD. collected27. A. copyB. readC. takeD.send28. A. held upB. gave upC. followedD. continued29. A. outB. h omeC. to collegeD. to Sacramento30. A. organizingB. planningC

8、. comparingD. completing31. A. hopefullyB. finallyC. particularlyD. certainly32. A. Because ofB. Instead ofC. Except forD. As for33. A. especiallyB. immediatelyC. equallyD. generally34. A. onceB. againC. stillD. even35. A. packedB. fetchedC. boughtD. filled36. A. fearB. surpriseC.angerD. disappointm

9、ent37. A. waiting forB. worrying aboutC. caring forD. asking about38. A. wrongB. funnyC. strangeD. smart39. A. any moreB.enoughC. once moreD. better40. A. interestinglyB. bitterlyC. politelyD. laughingly做完形填空題要根據(jù)什么來(lái)判斷題一：根據(jù)環(huán)境特點(diǎn)Tom is not interested in sea food, so he didn' t eat much that day.A.

10、vegetablesB. flounder (比目魚(yú))根據(jù)因果關(guān)系He was badly ill , so he was.A. presentB. absent根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折線(xiàn)索He was badly ill, however, he was.照亮人生 翻點(diǎn)亮心燈/(AVA)A. presentB. absent根據(jù)讓步連詞He didn ' t the test, though he worked hard.A. passB. fail根據(jù)動(dòng)作順序After she wrote the letter, she it and then it.A. posted/ signedB. sig

11、ned/ posted根據(jù)事物用途I like my, which gives me great help in the rain.A. umbrellaB. bikeC. Pot根據(jù)反義詞He used to be lazy. But now he is quite.A. hardworkingB. handsome根據(jù)同義詞He made a lot of mistakes in the last test. This time we can still find a few in his paper.A. quiteB. only根據(jù)比較句型We are shorter than he,

12、 so he is the among us.A. tallestB. shortest根據(jù)從一般到個(gè)別推理原則He is very clever, so he get the answer.A. canB.can ' t解題要領(lǐng)要想有效地做好完形填空題，應(yīng)該遵循以下原則：整體性原則：一篇文章就是一個(gè)整體，有自己的內(nèi)容、組織結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)，即使文中刪掉了 一些詞語(yǔ)，但仍給學(xué)生提供了足夠的線(xiàn)索、情景和信息，讀后仍能給學(xué)生一個(gè)整體印象。因此，對(duì) 于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)第一個(gè)步驟應(yīng)該是跳過(guò)空格通讀全文，初步了解文章大意，斷定文章的體裁和基本內(nèi)容。這樣才能做到心中有數(shù)、有的放矢地答題，提高答題的準(zhǔn)確率。連

13、貫性原則：正像句子不是把詞隨意堆積起來(lái)的一樣，文章也不是把句子隨意排列在一起的。詞與 詞之間、句與句之間、主句與從句之間，均有一定的銜接性，這種銜接是一種合乎邏輯的銜接，既 有一定的順序，又有其特定的線(xiàn)索。因此，學(xué)生在做題時(shí)必須始終注意上下文、詞與詞之間從意義 翻點(diǎn)亮心燈/（人9）照亮人生翻 到語(yǔ)法上的合理搭配。具體注意：1、答題前務(wù)必粗讀完型填空的全文，以便了解大意。2、細(xì)讀第一句，因?yàn)榈谝痪湟话悴煌诳眨傻玫捷^多信息。3、第一遍做題爭(zhēng) 取填出有把握的空，約占三分之一。4、第二遍做題則逐個(gè)解決，只留下個(gè)別不會(huì)的題。5、充分注意文中連接詞語(yǔ)的含義與作用，細(xì)心品味全文脈絡(luò)。6、有時(shí)可根據(jù)動(dòng)作順序

14、來(lái)判斷。7、時(shí)間關(guān)系是判斷的又一依據(jù)。8、借助上下文中的同義詞確定答案。9、借助上下文中的反義詞來(lái)判斷。10、利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)理解陌生詞。11、注意后線(xiàn)索的現(xiàn)象，答案的提示不一定在前邊。12、謹(jǐn)防連環(huán)題，各題答案之間有一定聯(lián)系。13、決定好答案后要注意不但在單句中合理、從全文看也合理。14、實(shí)在不會(huì)的要猜，不要不填。15、短文結(jié)尾常常是點(diǎn)睛之筆，說(shuō)明全文的中心，應(yīng)認(rèn)真體會(huì)。提高措施1、閱讀是解完型填空的首要能力。它是做好完形填空的基礎(chǔ)。讀得不好，單純練完形填空永遠(yuǎn)也提 局不了。2、寫(xiě)作與完型也是不可分的。會(huì)造句，會(huì)寫(xiě)小短文，會(huì)筆頭表達(dá)自己的思想，是做好完形填空的重 要條件。3、起點(diǎn)要低，不可操之過(guò)急。練習(xí)完形填空，應(yīng)從較短、較容易的文章入手，不要一上來(lái)就做高考 模擬試題。有時(shí)可練不帶選項(xiàng)的短文填空，這有助于增強(qiáng)猜詞的能力。多練由記敘文編成的完型填 空。完型填空的訓(xùn)練應(yīng)主要放在總復(fù)習(xí)的后期，因?yàn)闆](méi)有大量閱讀和寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練做鋪墊，完型填空是 練不好的。4、掌握好常用詞匯的基本用法，包括詞性、詞義、搭配和辨析。還要學(xué)好高考考試說(shuō)明上規(guī)定的構(gòu) 詞法知識(shí)，尤其是各地考試說(shuō)明上要求重點(diǎn)掌握的5個(gè)前綴和17個(gè)后綴。5、努力提高自己的思維能力。學(xué)會(huì)觀察、分析、判斷、推理、綜合與概括。合理的推斷與聯(lián)想很重要。做完形填空題時(shí)必須要依據(jù)短文概括出全文的主要內(nèi)容和所要說(shuō)明的哲理，并能通過(guò)已知內(nèi)容來(lái)