初一英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全

1、初一英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全一、初一英語語法詞法1、名詞A)、名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-c

2、omedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同

3、(不變的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八)單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-m

4、en doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞十一) 單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VC

5、Ds, SARs十二) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB)名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一)單數(shù)在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers Day教師節(jié), classmates; Childrens Day六一節(jié), Womens Day三八節(jié)三)由and

6、并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Bens room邁克和本的房間(共住一間)，Mikes and Bens rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)2、代詞項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her h

7、ers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves3、動(dòng)詞A) 第三人稱單數(shù)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下：一)一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es

8、。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes五)特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB) 現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-

9、going, do-doing二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tyin

10、g系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容詞的級(jí)我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：一) 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-r

11、edder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四)特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle-

12、 less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英語語法句式1.陳述句肯定陳述

13、句 a) This is a book. (be動(dòng)詞)b) He looks very young. (連系動(dòng)詞)c) I want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find he

14、r doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑問句1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a)

15、Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑問句 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 問種類 What kind of movies d

16、o you like? I like action movies and comedies. 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones. 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? 問時(shí)間 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time

17、do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. 問地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black. 問人物 Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isnt at school? Pe

18、ter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 問東西 Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names Ben.Whats your

19、 family name? My family names Smith.12 問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 問電話號(hào)碼 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 問謂語(動(dòng)作) Whats he doing? Hes watching TV.17 問職業(yè)(身份) What do you do? Im

20、a teacher.Whats your father? Hes a doctor.三、初一英語語法時(shí)態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：Be 動(dòng)詞：Shes a worker. Is she a worker? She isnt a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cant play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They dont wa

21、nt to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.Im playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isnt writing a

22、letter.Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They arent listening to the pop music.1. 形容詞的用法：形容詞用以修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特征。在句中可以作定語、表語，用于限定被修飾語的特征，如長短、大小、重量、顏色、高矮、胖瘦、新舊等，。The little girl is very pretty. 這個(gè)小女孩很好看。-I want that one. 我想要那個(gè)。-Which one? 哪一個(gè)?-The new blue one. 那個(gè)藍(lán)色新的。C

23、an I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那個(gè)大的漂亮的嗎?2、人稱代詞：是用來表示人的代詞，有單數(shù)和負(fù)數(shù)之分，有主格和賓格之分。人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語;人稱代詞的賓格在句中作賓語，是作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。主格：I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主語賓格：me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作賓語He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一個(gè)班級(jí)。Can you see them in the street? 你能看見他們?cè)诮稚蠁?3、可數(shù)名詞和不可

24、數(shù)名詞英語中名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。凡是可數(shù)計(jì)數(shù)的名詞叫做可數(shù)名詞;凡是不可以計(jì)數(shù)的名詞叫做不可數(shù)名詞。(1)可數(shù)名詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。可數(shù)名詞前可以用不定冠詞、數(shù)詞或some many等修飾。如：a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens(2)不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，前面不能用不定冠詞、數(shù)詞或many等詞語修飾，但可以用some a little much等詞語來修飾。有時(shí)可以與一些量詞短語搭配，這些量詞短語中的名詞一般是可數(shù)的，有單數(shù)形式，也可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：some water a li

25、ttle milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water4、祈使句祈使句用來表示請(qǐng)求、命令等，句中沒有主語，肯定形式由謂語或者謂語+賓語(+賓語補(bǔ)足語)構(gòu)成，否定形式則在句前加Dont.Stand up, please. 請(qǐng)起立。 Dont worry. 別擔(dān)心。can的用法：can是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“能，會(huì)，可以，被允許等”，其后接動(dòng)詞原形，否定形式為cannot，可縮寫為cant.She can speak Japanese. 她會(huì)講日語。I cant remember his name. 我不

26、記得他的名字了。Can you spell your name? 你會(huì)拼寫你的名字嗎?5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：概念：表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可以表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。結(jié)構(gòu)：由be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are) + 動(dòng)詞ing構(gòu)成，其中be動(dòng)詞要與主語保持性數(shù)一致。Mary is flying a kite in the park. 瑪麗正在公園里放風(fēng)箏。-What are you doing now?你現(xiàn)在在干什么?-Im reading English. 我正在讀英語。Are they drawing the pictures now?他們正在畫畫嗎?動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)

27、在分詞是動(dòng)詞原形變化而來的，規(guī)則變化如下：動(dòng)詞ing形式叫動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞，其構(gòu)成如下：1) 直接在動(dòng)詞后加ingplayplaying, dodoing, talktalking, sing-singing2) 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去e，再加ingmakemaking, writewriting, havehaving, taketaking3) 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加ingrunrunning, stopstopping, putputting, swimswimming注意對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的判斷。判斷一個(gè)英語句子用什么時(shí)態(tài)，主要看句子的

28、時(shí)間狀語，一般說來，每種時(shí)態(tài)都有與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。因此，這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)最常用的時(shí)間狀語是now;但有不少句子并沒有now，只能通過提示語如look、listen等或者通過上下文來確定用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打掃房間。Look! The girl is dancing over there. 看!那個(gè)女孩在那里跳舞。Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我們一起做游戲嗎?Cant you see I am doing my homework? 你沒看見我

29、正在做作業(yè)嗎?6、have/ has的用法：1) 謂語動(dòng)詞have表示“有”，有兩種形式：have和has，前者用于第一人稱(I, we)，第二人稱(you)和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)(they)，后者用于第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)或單數(shù)名詞。I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一個(gè)蘋果，他有兩個(gè)香蕉。You have a new English teacher. 你們有了一個(gè)新的英語老師。It has two big eyes. 它有一雙大眼睛。Julie and Jack have a nice car. 朱莉和杰克有一輛好看的車。2) ha

30、ve/has句型與there be句型的比較：兩者都表示“有”，但用法不同。前者表示所屬關(guān)系，即表示“某人或某物有什么”，而后者表示存在，表示“某地有什么”。They have some new books. 他們有一些新書。There are some new books on their desks. 他們桌子上有一些新書。She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店里有很多漂亮的裙子。3) have/ has的否定句，一般要加助動(dòng)詞do/ does，再加

31、not構(gòu)成，即do not have (dont have)/ does not have (doesnt have). She does not have a sister. 她沒有姐姐。We dont have any classes on Saturday. 我們星期六沒有課。Ann and I dont have a big room. 我和安沒有一個(gè)大房間。4) 一般疑問句由“助動(dòng)詞Do/ Does + 主語 + have + 賓語”構(gòu)成，回答用Yes, do/ does.或者No, dont/ doesnt.-Do you have a big house? 他們的房子大嗎?-No

32、, they dont. 不，他們的房子不大。-Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮嗎?-Yes, he does. 他有的。5) 特殊疑問句由特殊疑問詞 + 助動(dòng)詞do/ does + have (+狀語)構(gòu)成。What do they have? 他們有什么?What does he have? 他有什么?How many telephones do they have? 他們有幾部電話?7、介詞用法：1) 具體時(shí)間前介詞用at。. He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七點(diǎn)半起床。She goes to bed at

33、eleven oclock. 她十一點(diǎn)睡覺。2) 表示“在早上，在下午，在晚上”的短語中用介詞in，且定冠詞the不能省略;表示“在中午，在夜里”的短語中介詞用at，不加冠詞。in the morning在早上，in the afternoon 在下午，in the evening 在晚上at noon在中午，at night在夜里3) 表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短語用介詞on。What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么?Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evenin

34、g? 有時(shí)你星期五晚上出去吃飯嗎?He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看DVD。Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日，家長們帶著孩子去公園。4) 在this, last, next, every等詞前面既不加介詞，也不用冠詞。What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么?He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每個(gè)星期五都去看望祖母。She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下個(gè)星期

35、一去上海。8、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。其動(dòng)詞形式是：動(dòng)詞原形(只有第三人稱單數(shù)作主語時(shí)除外，要加-s)其疑問句和否定句需要用助動(dòng)詞do或does1) 肯定句用行為動(dòng)詞原形表示They get up very early every morning. 他們每天早晨起來很早。I visit my grandparents four times a month. 我一個(gè)月去看望祖父母四次。2) 否定句用dont + 動(dòng)詞原形來表示W(wǎng)e do not go shopping on Sundays. 我們周日不去購物。I dont think you lik

36、e this colour. 我想你不喜歡這個(gè)顏色。3) 一般疑問句則是把助動(dòng)詞do提前至句首，后面動(dòng)詞用原形?；卮饡r(shí)，肯定用 “Yes, 主語+do”;否定句用 “No, 主語+dont”。Do they go to school at seven oclock? 他們七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)嗎?-Yes, they do.-Do you like this skirt? 你喜歡這條裙子嗎?-No, I dont. 不，我不喜歡。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用來表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與以下的時(shí)間狀語連用：often 經(jīng)常，always 總是，sometimes 有時(shí)，usually 通常，every day/ wee

37、k 每天/ 周等。He usually goes to school by bike. 通常他騎車上學(xué)。I visit my grandparents every week. 我每個(gè)星期都去看祖父母。She is always late for class. 她總是上課遲到。My parents and I sometimes go out to eat. 我和父母有時(shí)出去吃飯。It often rains here. 這兒常常下雨。主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞也要是第三人稱單數(shù)，后要加-s或-es。He likes reading at ni

38、ght. 他喜歡夜里讀書。She usually goes to school by bike. 她平時(shí)騎車上學(xué)。The little cat drinks milk every day. 小貓每天都喝牛奶。轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句要加doesnt，其后的動(dòng)詞用原形。Kelly doesnt get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 凱麗星期六星期天起床不早。He doesnt feel well today. 他今天感覺不舒服。轉(zhuǎn)換成一般疑問句，句首用Does，其后的動(dòng)詞用原形。Does he have lunch at school? 他在學(xué)校吃午飯嗎?Does i

39、t take long by train? 乘火車要很長時(shí)間嗎?初一英語語法重點(diǎn)總結(jié)（2）初一的語法知識(shí)包括：主要掌握幾種時(shí)態(tài)1，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2，一般過去時(shí)3，一般將來時(shí)4，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)還有幾種詞1，名詞2，代詞3，形容詞4，動(dòng)詞5，冠詞初一英語語法一、詞法1、名詞A)、名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, d

40、resses, watches, wishes, faxes三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f

41、為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八)單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主

42、要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡,orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族,ti

43、me時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉chickens 小雞十一) 單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB)名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一)單數(shù)在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teache

44、rs二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers Day教師節(jié), classmates; Childrens Day六一節(jié), Womens Day三八節(jié)三)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Bens room邁克和本的房間(共住一間)，Mikes and Bens rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)2、代詞項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself復(fù)數(shù) we us our

45、 ours ourselves第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves3、動(dòng)詞A) 第三人稱單數(shù)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下：一)一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks,

46、 sees, dances, trains二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes五)特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB) 現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一)一般在后加ing。如：spel

47、l-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再

48、加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying 位于4、形容詞的級(jí)我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：一) 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -lar

49、gest二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-eas

50、ier easiest四)特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; se

51、venth, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、句式1.陳述句肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動(dòng)詞)b) He looks very young. (連系動(dòng)詞)c) I want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句 a) These aren

52、t their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑問句1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a

53、 student?b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small?回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑問句問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.問種類What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.問方式 How do/can you spell