2015年新版三級筆譯歪歪三筆講義

1、教翻譯 wei bo:(sina) Brotherfi ve:wufengYY8670筆譯強(qiáng)化沖刺班公共（chengyijiayan）武峰（編）2015 年 05 月 11 日-05 月 16 日1教翻譯 wei bo:(sina) Brotherfi ve:wufeng課程安排：5 月 11 日晚 19:30-21:30 翻譯實務(wù)英譯漢（翻譯的回顧+英譯漢練習(xí)一講解）5 月 12 日晚 19:30-21:30 翻譯實務(wù)英譯漢（英譯漢練習(xí)講解）5 月 13 日晚 19:30-21:30 翻譯實務(wù)英譯漢（英譯漢練習(xí)三講解）5 月 14 日晚 19:30-21:30 翻譯實務(wù)漢譯英（漢譯英練習(xí)一講

2、解）5 月 15 日晚 19:30-21:30 翻譯實務(wù)漢譯英（漢譯英練習(xí)二講解）5 月 16 日晚 19:30-21:30 翻譯綜合（練習(xí)講解）課程要求：（認(rèn)真閱讀）1 盡量不要，請認(rèn)真聽講，凡是有不明白的地方，課間可以在公共屏幕上提問，我會按照一定比例回答。2 所有實務(wù)練習(xí)希望大家在課前花三小時做完（單獨英譯漢不超過兩小時，漢譯英練習(xí)不超過一小時），不能用詞典，可以使用紙質(zhì)字典，類似于陸谷孫的英漢和的漢英。綜合練習(xí)在兩小時內(nèi)。不要上網(wǎng)找，這樣沒有意義，那還不如不報班，一定要做。3 我會在第一次課后建立集中為大家解決問題，不要聊些沒用的東西。4 本班主要為五月份的三筆考試服務(wù)，當(dāng)然下半年考的

3、同學(xué)也可以聽，考 MTI 的更可以聽，若沒有上過基礎(chǔ)班的同學(xué)可以考慮暑假到譯筆譯各兩個。上面授班，我一年大概上兩次面授班，口5 所以講義都會在開課前發(fā)放，PPT 的內(nèi)容放第一節(jié)課關(guān)于翻譯的回顧，其他的段落翻譯及綜合的練習(xí)都在這份 word 文檔中，請妥善保存，后面的課主要是我講解，沒有PPT。2教翻譯 wei bo:(sina) Brotherfi ve:wufeng第一講翻譯回顧1英譯漢的主要步驟：2漢譯英的主要步驟：3英譯漢時，我們所遇到的句子類型有四種，句子類型4中英文的三大差異。5英漢互譯中的四大規(guī)律。第一，動詞的過渡。第二，抽象名詞的翻譯。第三，增詞與減詞。第四，謂語動詞的層次性。6

4、八種譯法。第一，定語從句的翻譯。 第二，非謂語動詞的翻譯。第三，語態(tài)的翻譯。第四，英文中代詞的譯法。第五，英文中形容詞和副詞的譯法。第六，換主語的問題。第七，中文四字短語的翻譯。第八，“”詞匯的譯法。e.g.: Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and theirendeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists us

5、e for the study of natural phenomena.3種類解決長句，無逗號或是很少逗號。長句，有大量逗號，無須斷句。長句，有大量逗號，有大量生詞。短句，無逗號。教翻譯 wei bo:(sina) Brotherfi ve:wufeng英譯漢練習(xí)一The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid inselecting, classifying, assigning, or promotings, employees, and militarynel have be

6、en the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press,and even in Congress.The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests,critics divert attention from the faultthat lies with ill informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be m

7、easured with reasonable precision under specified conditions.Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partlyupon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: s

8、chool grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate.How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon theamount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.Anyone who keeps ca

9、reful score knows that the information available is alwaysincomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized testsshould be considered in this context.They providegetting some kinds of information about what aa quick objective method oflearned, the skills he hasdeveloped, o

10、r the kind ofhe is.The information so obtained has, qualitatively,the same advantagesandshortcos as other kinds of information.Whether to use tests, other kinds ofinformation, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidencefrom experience concerning comparative validity and u

11、pon such factors as cost and availability.In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can bemost precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated cannot be well defined.Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable

12、information about many people.Sometimes they identifys whose high potential has not been previouslyrecognized, but there are many things they do not do.For example, they do notcompensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he gr

13、own up under more favorable circumstances.4教翻譯 wei bo:(sina) Brotherfi ve:wufeng第二講英譯漢練習(xí)二NARSAQ, Greenland - As icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop and hiss while melting away,this remote Arctic town and its culture are also disappearing in a changing climate.Narsaqs largest employer, a shrimp factory,

14、d a few years ago after thecrustaceans fled north to cooler water. Where once there were eight commercialfishing vessels, there is now one.As a result, the population here, one of southern Greenlands major towns, has been halved to 1,500 in just a decade. Suicides are up.Andrew Testa for The New Yor

15、k Times“Fishing is the heart of this town,” said Hans Kaspersen, 63, a fisherman. “Lots of people have lost their livelihoods.”But even as wartemperatures are upending traditional Greenlandic life, theyare also offering up intriguing new opportunities for this state of 57,000 perhapsnowhere more so

16、than here in Narsaq.Vast new deposits of minerals and gems are being discovered as Greenlands massiveice cap recedes, forthe basis of a potentially lucrative mining industry.One of the worlds largest deposits of rare earth metals essential formanufacturing cellphones, wind turbines and electric cars

17、 sits just outside Narsaq. This could be momentous for Greenland, which has long relied on half a billion dollars a year in welfare payments from Denmark, its parent state. Mining profits could help Greenland become economically self sufficient and render it the firstsovereign nation created by glob

18、al war.“One of our goals is to obtain independence,” said VittusQujaukitsoq, a prominentlabor union leader.”But the rapid transition from a society of individual fishermen and hunters to an economy supported by corporate mining raises difficult questions. How would Greenlands insular settlements tol

19、erate an influx of thousands of Polish or construction workers, as has been proposed? Will mining despoil a natural environment essential to Greenlands national identity the whales and seals, the silent icy fjords, and mythic polar bears? Can fisherman reinvent themselves as miners?“I think mini ng

20、will be the future, but this is a difficult phase,” said Jens B.Frederiksen, Greenlands housing and infrastructure minister and a deputy“Its a plan that not everyone wants. Its about traditions, thefamily professions.”dom of a boat,The Arctic is wareven faster than other parts of the planet, and the

21、 rapidlymelting ice is causing alarm among scientists about sea-level rise. In northeasternGreenland, average yearly temperatuave risen 4.5 degrees in the past 15 years,and scientists predict the area could warm by 14 to 21 degrees by the end of thecentury.Aly, winter pack ice that covers the fjords

22、 is no longer stable enough for dogsledding and snowmobile traffic in many areas. Winter fishing, essential to feeding5教翻譯 wei bo:(sina) Brotherfi ve:wufengfamilies, is becohazardous or impossible.It has long been known that Greenland sat upon vast mineral lodes, and the Danishgovernment has mapped

23、them intermittently for decades. Niels Bohr, Denmarks Nobel Prize-winning nuclear physicist and a member of the Manhattan Project, visited Narsaq in 1957 because of its uranium deposits.But previous attempts at mining mostly failed, proving too expensive in theinclement conditions. Now, warhas alter

24、ed the equation.Greenlands Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum, charged with managing the boom,currently has 150 active licenses for mineral exploration, up from 20 a decade ago. Altogether, companies spent $100 million exploring Greenlands deposits last year, and several are applying for licenses to b

25、egin construction on new mines, bearing gold, iron and zinc and rare earths. There are also foreign companies exploring for offshore oil.“For me, I wouldnt mind if the whole ice cap disappears,” said Ole Christiansen, the chief executive of NunamMinerals, Greenlands largest homegrown mining company,

26、 as he picked his way along a proposed gold mining site up the fjord from Nuuk, Greenlands capital. “As it melts, were seeing new places with very attractive geology.”The Black Angel lead and zinc mine, whichd in 1990, is applying to reopen thisyear, said Jorgen T. Hammeken-Holm, who oversees licens

27、ing at the countrys miningbureau, “because the ice is in retreat and youre getting much more to explore.”The Greenlandic government hopes that mining will provide new revenue. Ingrng Greenland home rule in 2009, Denmark froze its annual subsidy, which isscheduled to be decreased further in the coyea

28、rs.Here in Narsaq, a collection of brightly painted homes bordered by spectacular fjords,two foreign companies are applying to the government for permission to mine.“This is huge; we could be mining this for the next 100 years,” said Eric Sondergaard, a geologist with the Australian-owned company Gr

29、eenland Minerals and Energy, who was on the outskirts of Narsaq one day recently, picking at rocks on a moon-like plateau rich with an estimated 10.5 million tons of rare earth ore.That proximity promises employment, and the company is aly schooling someyoung men in drilling and in English, the inte

30、rnational language of mine operations. Itplans to build a processing plant, a new port and more roads. (Greenland currently has none outside of settled areas.) Narsaqs tiny airport, previously threatened with closure from lack of traffic, could be expanded. A local landlord is contemplating converti

31、ng an abandoned apartment block into a hotel.“There will be a lot of people cofrom outside and that will be a big challengesince Greenlanultuas been isolated,” said Jasper Schroder, ahome inNarsaq from university in Denmark.Still, he supports the mine and hopes it will provide jobs and stem the rash

32、 of suicides, particularly among his peers; Greenland has one of the highest suicide rates in the world. “People in this culture dont want to be a burden to their families if they cant contribute,” he said.But not all are convinced of the benefits of mining. “Of course the mine will help the6教翻譯 wei

33、 bo:(sina) Brotherfi ve:wufenglocal economy and will help Greenland, but Im not so sure if it will be good for us,”said Dorothea Rodgaard, who runs a local guesthouse. “We are worried about the loss of nature.”第三講漢譯英練習(xí)一作為一個國際商業(yè)中心，上海擁有繁忙的港口，亞洲最重要的證券 以及世界 500 強(qiáng)都不能忽視的巨大市場。所之一，上海已建成全國頂級的博物館和歌劇院，還將舉辦 201

34、0 年世界博覽會，向人們展示其商業(yè)和上海將成為中心的地位。在世博會 153 年的歷史中，擁有 1700 萬人口的的首個東道主。預(yù)計在 2010 年 5 月至 10 月的世博會期間，參觀人數(shù)將達(dá)到創(chuàng)的 7000 萬人次。世博會的為：城市，讓生活更美好。上海希望通過舉辦世博會的同時，能吸引資金流向其服務(wù)業(yè)。從長遠(yuǎn)看，世博會將有利于城市改造并全面 提升上海的國際形象。上海計劃為世博會投資 30 億。為確保世博會舉辦期間交通順暢，還將投入資金用于改造道路和地鐵。根據(jù)世博會規(guī)劃，所有會展將建在黃浦江，眾多高科技展廳和一城市生活。世博會結(jié)個會議中心。上海市決心通過舉辦世博會，不斷，大部分場址將被改造成生活

35、、辦公和休閑設(shè)施。第五講漢譯英練習(xí)一中華民族歷經(jīng)磨難，自強(qiáng)不息，從未放棄對美好夢想的向往和追求。實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的是近代以來中華民族的夙愿。在新的歷史時期，的本質(zhì)是富強(qiáng)、民族振興、人民。我們的奮斗目標(biāo)是，到 2020 年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入在 2010 年基礎(chǔ)上翻一番，全面建成小康。到本世紀(jì)中葉，建成富強(qiáng)文明和諧的現(xiàn)代化，實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的。實現(xiàn)，必須堅持道路。我們已經(jīng)在這條道國情、富民強(qiáng)國的正確道路，走了 30堅定多年，歷史證明，這是一條符合不移地沿著這條道路走下去。7教翻譯 wei bo:(sina) Brotherfi ve:wufeng實現(xiàn)新為，必須弘揚精神。用以愛國

36、主義為的民族精神和以創(chuàng)的精神振奮全民族的“精氣神”。實現(xiàn)，必須凝聚力量。空談?wù)`國，實干興邦。我們要用 13 億中國人的智慧和力量，一代又一代們的民族發(fā)展好。不懈努力，把我們的建設(shè)好，把我實現(xiàn)，必須堅持和平發(fā)展。始終不渝走和平發(fā)展道路，始終自身發(fā)展，也強(qiáng)調(diào)對世界的責(zé)不渝奉行互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略，不僅致力于任和貢獻(xiàn)；不僅造福，而且造福世界人民。實現(xiàn)給世界帶來的是和平，不是；是機(jī)遇，不是威脅。第六講綜合練習(xí)第一部分單項選擇共計 60 題 60 分1. John regretted to the meeting last week.A not goingB not to goC not having b

37、een goingD not to be going2. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are .A out of workB out of stockC out of reachD out of practice3. They in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.A carried outB carried offC carried onD carried forward4. Mrs. Brown is supposed for Italy last we

38、ek.A to have leftB to be leavingC to leaveD to have been left5. Hes watching TV? Hes to be cleaning his room.A knownB consideredC regardedD supposed6. My camera can be to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A treatedB adjustedC adoptedD remedied7. A new technique , the yields as a whole incr

39、eased by 20 percent.A working outB having worked outC having been worked outD to have been worded out8. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded 27%.A byB forC toD in9. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become .A hurtB damagedC spoiledD harmed10. When Mr. Jo

40、nes gets old, he will over his business to his son.A takeB handC thinkD get11. We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so lets have one this month.A anotherB moreC the otherD other12. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to .A the otherB any otherC an

41、otherD other13. It was difficult to guess what her to the news would be.A impressionB reactionC commentD opinion14. I decided to go to the library as soon as I .8教翻譯 wei bo:(sina) Brotherfi ve:wufengA finish what I didB finished what I didC would finish what I was doingD finished what I was doing15.

42、 We are interested in the weather because it us so directly what we wear, what we do, andeven how we feel.A benefitsB affectsC guidesD effects16. Will all t hose the proposal raise their hands?A in relation toB in contrast toC in excess ofD in favor of17. Children are very curious .A at heartB inC o

43、n purposeD by nature18. The match was cancelled because most of the members a match without a standard court.A objected to havingB were objected to haveC objected to haveD were objected to having19. The man in the corner confessed to a lie to the manager of the company.A have toldB having toldC bein

44、g toldD be told20. The teacher doesnt permit in class.A smokeB to smokeC smokingD to have a smoke21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _ it.A postpone B refuseC delay D cancel22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you you need. A all the inform

45、ation B all the informationsC all of information D all of the informations23. Not until the game had begun at the sports ground.A had he arrived B would he have arrivedC did he arrive D should he have arrived24. Young people are not to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participa

46、te in.A conservative B contentC confident D generous25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is .A granted B impliedC exaggerated D remedied26. These surveys indicate that many crimes go by thereport them., mainly because not all vict

47、imsA unrecorded B to be unrecordedC unrecordingD to have been unrecorded27. I have no objection your story again.A to hear B to hearingC to having heard D to have heard28. The clothes awears may express his or social position.A curiosity B statusC determination D significance29. By law, when one mak

48、es a large purchase, he should have opportu A accurate B urgent C excessive D adequate30. You will see this product wherever you go.A to be advertised B advertised C advertise D advertisingto change his mind.31. It is not difficult tothe idea that machines may communicate information to us.A) admitB

49、) receiveC) acceptD) convince32. I have not the leastof hurting your feelings.A) conceptB) intentionC) mindD) purpose9教翻譯 wei bo:(sina) Brotherfi ve:wufeng33. As the shortage of certain metals approaches, others must be found to take their.A) shareB) placeC) roleD) shape34. The new power station is

50、reportedwithin three years.A) to have completedB) to have been completedC) having Been completedD) to complete35. Mary is in bed with a fever and she cant hope tothe cold in a few day.A) get overB) get awayC) get offD) get out36. Although the weather was very had, the buses still ran on.A) listB) pl

51、anC) scheduleD) arrangement37. The situation today is obviously quite different fromit was only 50 years ago.A) whatB) whichC) whenD) such38. Soon, Americans hope, the rains will return and ease the hardshipU.S. farmers.A) facedB) facesC) facingD) to face39. Ever since the family moved to the suburb

52、s last year, theybetter health.A) could have enjoyedB) have been enjoyingC) had enjoyedD) are enjoying40. It is much easier to talk about social change than to.A) bring it onB) bring it aboutC) burning it upD) bring it out41. Jane was hit on the head by the robber and was knocked.A) mindlessB) unawa

53、reC) brainlessD) unconscious42. He likes doing someing at home to the cinema.A) than to goB) than goingC) more than goingD) rather than to go43.neglecting our education, my father sent my brother and me to a summer school.A) Accused ofB) Accusing ofC) That he was accused ofD) To be accused of44. I b

54、ought a new house last year, but Imy old house yet, so at the moment I havetwo houses.A) did not sellB) do not sellC) had not soldD) have not sold45. She didnt regret paying 200 dollars for the bookcase. As a matter or a fact, she would gladlyhave paidfor it.A) as much twiceB) much as twiceC) as twice muchD) twice as much46. By the time you get totomorrow, Ifor Shanghai.A) am leavingB) should have leftC) will leaveD) have aly left47. It was essential that all the necessary documentsto the presidents office beingthe end of this month.A) be handed inB) must be ha nded inC)