高職高專英語附表三——語法結(jié)構(gòu)表

1、word高職高專英語附表三語法結(jié)構(gòu)表時間：2022-10-11 19:36:53  高職高專教育英語課程教學(xué)根本要求試行語法結(jié)構(gòu)表 一、本表列出了英語課程教學(xué)中學(xué)生需掌握的語法知識。二、本表所規(guī)定的是學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握的語法知識和技能范圍，并不要求在教學(xué)中對所列全部工程進行專題講授。語法教學(xué)的重點是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生實際使用語法的能力。 Symbols  Abbreviations             NomenclatureN

2、                                  NounPron               

3、60;                PronounNum                                NumeralAr

4、t                                 ArticlePrep                

5、;                PrepositionAdj                                 A

6、djectiveAd                                 AdverbDet              

7、0;                  DeterminerV                              

8、0;   VerbV-ing1                              GerundV-ing2              

9、0;               Present participleV-ed1                               Past form

10、 of verbV-ed2                               Past participleTo V              

11、60;                InfinitiveS                                

12、60; SubjectO                                  ObjectOi             

13、60;                   Indirect objectOd                            

14、60;    Direct objectCs                                 Subject complementCo        &#

15、160;                        Object complementWh-words                      

16、     who, when, where, how, why, which, whetherConj                                ConjunctionExc    

17、0;                            Exclamation 1Noun 名詞： 1.1 Classes of N: countable vs. Uncountable 名詞的種類：可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞 1.2 Number of N (名詞的數(shù)) 

18、;1.3 Irregular plurals (不規(guī)那么復(fù)數(shù)) 1.4 Genitive case of N (名詞的所有格) 1.5 Double genitive (雙重所有格)     e. g . a portrait of Mr. Browns (cf. a portrait of Mr. Brown)2Pronoun (代詞) 2.1 Personal pronoun (人稱代詞) 2.2 Demonstrative pronoun (指示代詞) 2.3 Possessive pronoun

19、(物主代詞) 2.4 Reflexive pronoun (反身代詞) 2.5 Interrogative pronoun疑問代詞 2.6 Indefinite pronoun不定代詞 2.7 Reciprocal pronoun相互代詞 2.8 Relative pronoun關(guān)系代詞3Numeral數(shù)詞 3.1 Cardinal and ordinal numbers基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞 3.2 Percentage百分數(shù) 3.3 Fraction分數(shù) 3.4 Decimal 小數(shù) 3.

20、5 Multiple倍數(shù) 3.6 Year, Month, Date, Time年份、月份、日期、時刻4Determiner限定詞 4.1 Definite and indefrinite articles定冠詞和不定冠詞 4.2 any, all, both, each, every, either, neither, no, this, etc. 4.3 Quantifiers數(shù)量詞     e.g.many,a piece of, etc5Preposition介詞 5.1 Simple prepo

21、sition簡單介詞 5.2 Compound preposition復(fù)合介詞6Adjective形容詞 6.1 Syntactic function of Adj形容詞的句法功能 6.2 Adj+Prep 6.3 Adj+toV 6.4 Adj+that-clause 6.5 Too+Adj+to V 6.6 Adj+enough+to V 6.7 so+Adj+as+to V7Adverb副詞 7.1 Syntactic function of Adv副詞的句法功能 7.2 Adverbs

22、with or without-ly帶-ly和不帶-ly的副詞     e.g.high, highly; most, mlostly, etc. 7.3 Position of adverbs 副詞的位置8The comparative and superlative degrees of Adj/Adv形容詞和副詞的比擬級和最高級9Verb classes動詞 9.1 Transitive and intransitive verbs及物動詞和不及物動詞 9.2 Auxiliaries and modal au

23、xiliaries 助動詞和情態(tài)動詞  9.3 Phrasal verbs短語動詞     e.g. depend on, turn out, catch up with, etc.10. Tense時態(tài)   10.1 Simple present, past, future一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時   10.2 Present and past progressive現(xiàn)在進行時和過去進行時   10.3 Future progressive將來進行時&#

24、160;  10.4 Present and past perfect現(xiàn)在完在時和過去完成時   10.5 Future perfect 將來完來時   10.6 Present perfect progressive現(xiàn)在完成進行時   10.7 Past perfect progressive過去完成進行時11Passive voice被動語態(tài) 11.1 Passive voivce in simple tenses被動語態(tài)的一般式 11.2 Passive voice in perfect

25、and progressive tenses被動語態(tài)的完成式和進行式 11.3 Passive voice of phrasal verbs短語動詞的被動語態(tài) 11.4 Passive voice of modal verbs含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)12Subjunctive mood虛擬語氣 12.1 in conditional sentences用于條件句中   12.1.1 if+V-ed1would+V   12.1.2 if+had+V-ed2would +have+V-ed2  12.1.3 i

26、f+should/were to+V, would+V   12.1.4 omission of ifif的省略) 12.2 in the following that-clause after用于以下動詞的that賓語從句中      wish, demand, suggest, etc      It + be + suggested / desirable. etc.      S

27、uggestion, recommendation, etc. 12.3 in the following clauses and constructions用于以下從句和結(jié)構(gòu)中      as if + clause, as though + clause      It is time that      Would rather13To V(Infinitive動詞不定式) 13.1 as subject, object

28、, attribute and complement用作主語，賓語、定語和補足語 13.2 Indicating purposeresult表示目的結(jié)果 13.3 It+be+Adj+for+sb+ to V 13.4 wh-words+ to Vphrase疑問詞加不定式短語 13.5 to be+V-ed2, to have+V-ed2,to be +V-ing2(不定式的被動式、完成式和進行式14V-ing1Gerund動名詞14.1 as object, subject and predicative用作賓語、主語和表語14.2 Prep+V-i

29、ng114.3 It+be+.+V-ing114.4 NPron or their Possessive+ V-ing1 as subject and object名詞代詞或其所有格加動名詞作主語和賓語14.5 Prep+NPron or their possessive+ V-ing1介詞加名詞代詞或其所有格加動名詞14.6 Being+ V-ed2，havingV-ed2動名詞的被動式和完成式15V-ing2 and V-ed2Present and Past Participle現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞15.1 as premodifier and postmodifier

30、 in a noun phrase作名詞的前位和后位修飾語15.2 as complement作補足語15.3 as an adverb clause equlvalent作狀語15.4 whenwhile，etc+V-ing2/ V-ed2whenwhile等+現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞15.5withN+V-ing2V-ed2with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞15.6 being+ V-ed2, havins+ V-ed2，having been+ V-ed2 as an adverb or adjective clause equivalent 現(xiàn)在分詞的

31、被動式、完成式和完成被動式作狀語或定語從句16 Baslc sentence pattems and sentence elements根本句型和句子成分Pattern l：S+VPattern 2：S+V+CsPattern 3：S+V+OPattern 4：S+V+Oi+OdPattern 5：S+V+Od+Co17Transformation of basic sentence patterns根本句型轉(zhuǎn)換 17.1 Interrogative form疑問形式 17.2 Negative from否認形式 17.3 Imperative form

32、命令形式 17.4 Passive form被動形式18There be There be結(jié)構(gòu) 18.1 There+(be)+N+Adv 18.2 There will-/modal V+be/exist(s)/seem(s)to be/appear(s)to be +N+Adv 18.3 There (be)+N+Adj/V-ing2/V-ed2/to V/relative clause19Agreement一致關(guān)系 19.1 Between subject and predicate V主語和謂語動詞的一致關(guān)系 19.

33、2 Between pronoun and its antecedent代詞與其先行詞的一致關(guān)系20Noun clause名詞從句 20.1 that and omission of that(that和that的省略) 20.2 whether, if 20.3 which(ever),who(ever), whom, whose 20.4 when, where, why, how, how much/many/long/often 20.5 what, whatever21Attributive clause定語從句 21.1

34、Restrictive and non-restrictive限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 21.2 That, which, who, whom, when, where, why 21.3 Whose 21.4 Omission of that/which(that/which的省略) 21.5 (N+Pron+)Prep+which/whom/whose 21.6 the same/suchas 21.7 which/as(with sentential antecedent)(which/as指代句子)22App

35、osition同位關(guān)系 22.1 Noun in apposition名詞作同位語 22.2 Appositive clause同位語從句 22.3 Noun phrase as appositive to clause名詞短語作句子的同位語 22.4 explicit indicators of apposition      e.g. that is(to say), for example, etc.23Clauses of time and space 時間從句和地點從句 23

36、.1 when(ever), while, as, after, before, since 23.2 where(ever) 23.3 until, till 23.4 once, the moment, as soon as , each time, immediately (that), no soonerthan.24Clauses of condition, concession and contrast條件從句，讓步從句和比照從句 24.1 if, unless 24.2 provided/providing(that), as/s

37、o long as, in case, on condition that, supposing 24.3 though, although, whether, even though, even if 24.4 no matter+wh-words 24.5 wh-words+-ever 24.6 whereas, while 24.7 Adj/Adv+as/though25Clauses of cause, result and purpose原因從句、結(jié)果從句和目的從句 25.1 because, as, for, for, f

38、or this reason, etc. 25.2 hence, therefore, then, as a result of , etc. 25.3 for, for this purpose, with this in mind, lest, in order than, etc.26Clauses of manner and comparison方式從句和比擬從句 26.1 as, asas, not so (as)as, more than, less than, no/not more than 26.2 as, juse as 2

39、6.3 as if, as though27Clauses of proportion and other types表示比擬關(guān)系的從句和其它從句 27.1 the, the 27.2 as, so 27.3 except that28Coordination并列 Coordinators:and, bothand, not onlybut(also), as well as, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror, notbut, for, etc.29.Clauses with introductory it(用引

40、導(dǎo)詞it的從句) 29.1 Anticipatory it as subject or object 29.2 it in emphatic sentence      e.g. It is/wasthat/who30Pro-form替代形式 30.1 Pro-forms for noun phrases名詞短語的替代形式   30.1.1 3rd person pronouns, and plurals of the 1st and

41、2nd person pronouns第三人稱代        詞、第一和第二人稱代詞的復(fù)數(shù)   30.1.2 indefinite pronouns不定代詞+of+N/Pron   30.1.3 one, ones, that, those   30.1.4 the same, the former, the latter 30.2 Pro-forms for adverbials狀語的替代形式    &

42、#160; here, then, thus 30.3 Pro-forms for predicate謂語的替代形式   30.3.1 do, do so   30.3.2 so do, so will 30.4 Sentence/Clause reference句子或從句的替代形式   30.4.1 this, the following   30.4.2 so, not e.g. A:Do you think he will come    

43、 B:Yes, I think so.(or )No, I think not.31Discontinuous modification割裂 31.1 Siparation of relative clause from is antecedent定語從句與所修飾的名詞割裂 31.2 Separation of V-ing2/V-ed2/Prep-phrase from its head noun.現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/介      詞短語與所修飾的名詞割裂 31.3 Separatio

44、n of appositive (clause) from its antecedent同位語從句與所同位的詞的      割裂 31.4 Separation of Prep-phrase from adjective介詞短語與形容詞割裂      e.g. different techniques from those32Subject-verb inversion主語與謂語倒裝 32.1 Sentences beginning with neither, nor, so, etc. 32.2 Sentences beginning with negative adverb expressions      e.g. hardly, ne