張巖巖外文翻譯

1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（本科畢業(yè)論文）外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文文獻(xiàn)、資料題目：automation of welding application situation 文獻(xiàn)、資料來源：期刊文獻(xiàn)、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期：2010.10.8院 （部）： 機電工程學(xué)院專 業(yè)：機械工程及自動化班 級：機械091姓 名： 張巖巖學(xué) 號： 2009071125指導(dǎo)教師： 范文利翻譯日期： 2013.5.6 外文文獻(xiàn)： automation of welding application situation As we know, weld to process to request that welder have to have

2、 well-trained operation technical ability, abundant fulfillment experience, stability of weld level;It is still a kind of labor condition bad, many smoke and dust, hot the radiation is big, risk Gao of work.The emergence of the industrial automation of welding makes people naturally thought of first

3、 the handicraft that replace a person with it welds and eases the welders labor strength, can also promise to weld quality and exaltation to weld an efficiency at the same time.However, weld again with other industry process process different, for example, electricity Hu Han process in, drive welder

4、 piece because of part heat melt with cool off creation transform, the Han sews of the track will therefore take place to change.Handicraft Han the experienced welder can sew position according to the actual Han observed by eyes adjustment Han in good time the position, carriage of the gun and run a

5、bout of speed to adapt to the variety that the Han sews a track.However the automation of welding want to adapt to this kind of variety, have to the position and status of gun that want tosee this kind of to change, then adopt homologous measure to adjust Han like person first, follow while carrying

6、 out to sew actually to the Han.Because the electricity Hu welds to have in process strong arc light, give or get an electric shock Hu noise, smoke and dust and Rong drop transition unsteady and causable Han silk short circuit, big electric current strong magnetic field etc. complicated environment

7、factor of existence, the automation of welding wants to examine and identifies a withdrawing of the signal characteristic needed for sewing Han and dont seem to be industrial the other in the manufacturing to process the examination of process so easily, therefore, welding the application of automat

8、ion of welding is to used for to give or get an electric shock the process of Hu Han in the beginning.Actually, industrial automation of welding at welded the application of realm to produce on-line electric resistance to order a Han beginning from the car assemble at the earliest stage.The reason l

9、ies in the process that the electric resistance orders Han opposite more simple, control convenient, and not need Han to sew a track follow, to the accuracy of the automation of welding and repeat the control of accuracy have lower request.Order the Han automation of welding assembles to produce a g

10、reat deal of on-line application to consumedly raise the rate of production that the car assemble welds and weld quality in the car, at the same time again have a gentle characteristics for welding, then want only change procedure, can produce in the same on-line carry on assemble to weld to differe

11、nt cars type.Because the automation of welding controls the exaltation of speed and accuracy and particularly give or get an electric shock the development that the Hu spreads a feeling machine to combine to weld in the automation of welding in get an application, make the automation of welding give

12、 or get an electric shock the Han of Hu Han to sew a track to follow and control a problem to some extent and get very solution, the automation of welding welds in the car to make the medium application orders Han to soon develop into the car zero from originally more single car assemble partses and

13、 electricity Hu within assemble process Han.automation of weldings giving or getting an electric shock the biggest characteristics of Hu Han is gentle, can immediately pass to weave a distance at any time a change to weld a track and weld sequence, therefore most be applicable to quilt welder piece

14、the species variety is big, the Han sew short but many, product with complicated shape.This at the right moment again characteristics according to car manufacturing.Being the renewal speed of the particularly modern social car style is very quick, adopting the car production line of automation of we

15、lding material can nicely adapt to this kind of variety.Moreover, automation of weldings giving or getting an electric shock Hu Han not only used for a car manufacturing industry, but also can used for other manufacturing industries that involve to give or get an electric shock Hu Han, like shipbuil

16、ding, motorcycle vehicle, boiler, heavy type machine etc.Therefore, the automation of welding gives or gets an electric shock the application of Hu Han gradually extensive, on the amount greatly have exceed the automation of welding order the power of Han.Along with car reducing in weight manufactur

17、ing the technical expansion, some high strong metal alloy materials and light metal alloy material(is like aluminum metal alloy, and magnesium metal alloy.etc.) get an application in the material in the car structure.These materials welding usually can not solve with the welding of tradition method,

18、 have to adopt to lately weld a method and weld a craft.Among them, Gao power laser Han and agitation rub Han etc. to have to develop a potential most .Therefore, automation of welding and Gao power laser Han and agitation rub combining of Han to become inevitable trend.Be like the public in Shangha

19、i to wait domestic to most have the car manufacturer of real strenght in fact at their new car type manufacturing process in have already in great quantities used automation of welding laser to weld.The structure form of industrial automation of welding is a lot of, in common usely have right angle

20、to sit mark type, flexible type, and crawl along type.etc. by mark type, many joints by mark type, surface of sphere by mark type, pillar noodles, according to different use still at continuously development in.It is many automation of weldings of joint types of the mimicry persons arm function to w

21、eld what automation of welding can adopt a different structure form according to the applied situation of dissimilarity, but use at most currently, this because the arm vivid of many joint type automation of weldings is the biggest, it can make space position and carriage of Han gun adjust into arbi

22、trarily the status weld by satisfying a demand.Theoretically speak, the joint of automation of welding is many more, the freedom degree is also many more, the joint redundancy degree is big more, and the vivid is good more;But also go against the sitting of kinetics control of marking the transforma

23、tion and each joint position for automation of welding to bring complexity at the same time.Because weld to usually need in the process with the space right angle sit to mark the Han on the representative work piece to sew position conversion for the Han gun carry the space position and carriage of

24、department and pass automation of welding again go against the kinetics compute a conversion for to the control of automation of welding each joint angle position, but the solution of this transformation process usually isnt unique, the redundancy degree is big, solve more many more.How select by ex

25、aminations the steady that the quite the cheese solution welds to exercise in the process to the automation of welding very important.Different treatment of system to this problem of the automation of welding control doesnt exert a homology.For some weld situation, work piece because of leading big

26、or the space is several what the shape is too complicated, make the Han gun of welding the automation of welding can not arrive appointed Han to sew position or Han gun carriage, have to pass the freedom degree of the way increment automation of welding of increasing 13 exterior stalks at this time.

27、Usually have two kinds of way of doings:One is the orbit that the automation of welding Be packed to to move small car or Dragon gate up, the homework space of extension automation of welding;Two is to let the work piece move or turn, make work piece up of weld the homework space that the part gets

28、into automation of welding.Also have of adopt two kinds of above-mentioned ways at the same time, let the welding of work piece part and automation of weldings all be placed in the best weld position.Weld the plait distance of automation of welding method currently still with on-line show and teach

29、a way(Teach-in) is lord, but wove the interface ratio of distance machine to have many improvements in the past, particularly is the adoption of LCD sketch monitor and make and weld the plait distance of the automation of welding interface lately gradually friendly, operation more easy.However autom

30、ation of welding plait distance Hans sewing the key point on the track to sit to mark position still have to pass to show to teach the way how to obtain, then deposit the sport instruction of procedure.This sews track to some Hans of complicated shapes to say, have to cost a great deal of time to sh

31、ow to teach and lowered the use efficiency of automation of welding thus and also increased the labor strength of weaving the distance personnel.The method that solves currently includes 2 kinds:One is show to teach a plait distance just rough obtain a few Hans to sew a few keys on the track to orde

32、r, then spread a feeling machine(usually is give or get an electric shock Hu to spread feeling machine or laser sense of vision to spread a feeling machine) through the sense of vision of welding the automation of welding of auto follow the actual Han sew a track.Although this way still cans not get

33、 away from to show to teach a plait distance,this way cans ease to show the strength of teaching the plait distance to some extent and raises to weave a distance efficiency.But because of the characteristics of electricity Hu Han, the sense of vision of automation of welding spreads a feeling machin

34、e be not sew forms to all apply to all Hans.Two is the way that adopts a completely off-line plait distance, make the automation of welding weld drawing up of procedure and Han to sew a track to sit to mark adjusting of obtaining of position, and procedure to try all to compute in a set to independe

35、ntly complete on board, dont need participation of automation of welding.automation of welding off-line plait distance as early as several years ago have, just in order to being subjected to restriction of the calculator function at that time, off-line plait distance software with text originally wa

36、y is lord, wove a distance member to need to acquaint with the all instruction systems and phrasing of automation of welding, also needed to know how made sure that the space position that the Han sews a track sits a mark, therefore, wove a distance work to not and easily save time.Along with exalta

37、tion and calculator of the calculator function 3D sketch technical development, present automation of welding off-line plait distance system majority can under the 3D sketch environment movement, the plait distance interface amity, convenience, and, obtaining Han to sew a sitting of track to mark po

38、sition usually can adopt the way of conjecture show to teach(virtual Teach-in), using a mouse to easily click the welding of work piece in the 3D virtual environment the part can immediately the space acquiring the sit a mark;In some systems, can sew directly born Han of position to sew a track thro

39、ugh the Han that define in advance in the CAD sketch document, then the automatically born automation of welding procedure combines to download automation of welding to control system.Thus and consumedly raised the plait distance of the automation of welding efficiency, also eased the labor strength

40、 of weaving the distance member.Currently, it is international to there have been using an off-line plait distance of automation of welding according to the company of common PC machine on the market software.It is like Workspace5, and automation of welding Studio etc Figure 9 show develop by onesel

41、f for the writer of according to PC of 3D can see to turn an off-line plait distance of automation of welding system.The system can IRB140 automation of weldings aiming at ABB company carry on an off-line plait distance, the Han in the procedure sews a track to pass conjecture to show to teach to ac

42、quire, and can let the automation of welding press the track in the procedure to imitate sport in the 3D sketch environment, examine its accuracy and rationality with this.The procedure woven can pass a network directly the download to the automation of welding controller.The industrial automation o

43、f welding of our country75 science and technologies offend a pass to start starting from the 80s, currently already basic control a automation of welding operation of the design manufacturing of the machine technique, control system hardware and software to design technique, kinetics and track to pr

44、ogram a technique, gave birth to parts of automation of welding key dollar spare part, develop to spray a paint, Hu Han and order automation of weldings, such as Han, assemble and porterage.etc.;The automation of welding of Hu Han has already applied in the Han of car manufactory to pack on-line.But

45、 total of come to see, our country of industrial automation of welding technique and it engineering application of level and abroad than still have certain distance, such as:Credibility low outside the country product;The automation of welding application engineering starts a little bit late and app

46、ly realm narrow, production line system technique and abroad than have a margin;The applied scale is small, didnt form automation of welding industry.The automation of welding of the current our country the production is all request that applies a door, list door the single time re- design, the spec

47、ies specification is many, small batch quantity, zero partses are in general use to turn degree low, provide a goods period long, the cost is not low either, and the quality, credibility is unsteady.Consequently and urgently need to solve industry to turn an ex- key technique for expecting, Be to th

48、e product carry on programing completely, make good series to turn, in general use turn, the mold piece turn a design and actively push forward industry to turn progress. 中文譯文： 焊接專機應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀 眾所周知，焊接加工要求焊工要有熟練的操作技能、豐富的實踐經(jīng)驗、穩(wěn)定的焊接水平；它還是一種勞動條件差、煙塵多、熱輻射大、危險性高的工作。工業(yè)焊接專機的出現(xiàn)使人們自然而然首先想到用它代替人的手工焊接，減輕焊工的勞動強度，同時也可以保

49、證焊接質(zhì)量和提高焊接效率。然而，焊接又與其它工業(yè)加工過程不一樣，比如，電弧焊過程中，被焊工件由于局部加熱熔化和冷卻產(chǎn)生變形，焊縫的軌跡會因此而發(fā)生變化。手工焊時有經(jīng)驗的焊工可以根據(jù)眼睛所觀察到的實際焊縫位置適時地調(diào)整焊槍的位置、姿態(tài)和行走的速度，以適應(yīng)焊縫軌跡的變化。然而焊接專機要適應(yīng)這種變化，必須首先像人一樣要“看”到這種變化，然后采取相應(yīng)的措施調(diào)整焊槍的位置和狀態(tài)，實現(xiàn)對焊縫的實時跟蹤。由于電弧焊接過程中有強烈弧光、電弧噪音、煙塵、熔滴過渡不穩(wěn)定引起的焊絲短路、大電流強磁場等復(fù)雜的環(huán)境因素的存在，焊接專機要檢測和識別焊縫所需要的信號特征的提取并不像工業(yè)制造中其它加工過程的檢測那么容易，因此

50、，焊接專機的應(yīng)用并不是一開始就用于電弧焊過程的。實際上，焊接專機在焊接領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用最早是從汽車裝配生產(chǎn)線上的電阻點焊開始的。原因在于電阻點焊的過程相對比較簡單，控制方便，且不需要焊縫軌跡跟蹤，對焊接專機的精度和重復(fù)精度的控制要求比較低。點焊焊接專機在汽車裝配生產(chǎn)線上的大量應(yīng)用大大提高了汽車裝配焊接的生產(chǎn)率和焊接質(zhì)量，同時又具有柔性焊接的特點，即只要改變程序，就可在同一條生產(chǎn)線上對不同的車型進(jìn)行裝配焊接。 由于焊接專機控制速度和精度的提高，尤其是電弧傳感器的開發(fā)并在焊接專機焊接中得到應(yīng)用，使焊接專機電弧焊的焊縫軌跡跟蹤和控制問題在一定程度上得到很好解決，焊接專機焊接在汽車制造中的應(yīng)用從原來比較單一

51、的汽車裝配點焊很快發(fā)展為汽車零部件和裝配過程中的電弧焊。焊接專機電弧焊的最大的特點是柔性，即可通過編程隨時改變焊接軌跡和焊接順序，因此最適用于被焊工件品種變化大、焊縫短而多、形狀復(fù)雜的產(chǎn)品。這正好又符合汽車制造的特點。尤其是現(xiàn)代社會汽車款式的更新速度非?？欤捎煤附訉C裝備的汽車生產(chǎn)線能夠很好地適應(yīng)這種變化。另外，焊接專機電弧焊不僅用于汽車制造業(yè)，更可以用于涉及電弧焊的其它制造業(yè)，如造船、機車車輛、鍋爐、重型機械等等。因此，焊接專機電弧焊的應(yīng)用范圍日趨廣泛，在數(shù)量上大有超過焊接專機點焊之勢。隨著汽車輕量化制造技術(shù)的推廣，一些高強合金材料和輕合金材料(如鋁合金、鎂合金等)在汽車結(jié)構(gòu)材料中得到應(yīng)用

52、。這些材料的焊接往往無法用傳統(tǒng)的焊接方法來解決，必須采用新的焊接方法和焊接工藝。其中高功率激光焊和攪拌摩擦焊等最具發(fā)展?jié)摿?。因此，焊接專機與高功率激光焊和攪拌摩擦焊的結(jié)合將成為必然趨勢。事實上，像上海大眾等國內(nèi)最具實力的汽車制造商在他們的新車型制造過程中已經(jīng)大量使用焊接專機激光焊接。工業(yè)焊接專機的結(jié)構(gòu)形式很多，常用的有直角坐標(biāo)式、柱面坐標(biāo)式、球面坐標(biāo)式、多關(guān)節(jié)坐標(biāo)式、伸縮式、爬行式等等，根據(jù)不同的用途還在不斷發(fā)展之中。焊接焊接專機根據(jù)不同的應(yīng)用場合可采取不同的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，但目前用得最多的是模仿人的手臂功能的多關(guān)節(jié)式的焊接專機，這是因為多關(guān)節(jié)式焊接專機的手臂靈活性最大，可以使焊槍的空間位置和姿態(tài)調(diào)至任意狀態(tài)，以滿足焊接需要。理論上講，焊接專機的關(guān)節(jié)愈多，自由度也愈多，關(guān)節(jié)冗余度愈大