初中英語-復(fù)合句

1、 初二常規(guī)班 楊靜老師_ 初中英語語法-復(fù)合句本部分內(nèi)容是中考中必考及?？伎键c(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)詳解：從句的概念：一個句子在另一個句子中充當(dāng)成分，充當(dāng)什么成分就做什么狀語。1、 賓語從句1、 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞Ø 賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)，常用that引導(dǎo)，that無意義，在口語中和非正式與中常省略。如：The teacher tells us (that) we will have an English test tomorrow.Ø 如果賓語從句由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換而來，其引導(dǎo)詞用if或whether。一般情況下，二者可以通用，但從句中有or not或從句充當(dāng)介詞的賓語時(shí)，只用whether。

2、如：I dont know ifwhether she will come here.Sorry, I dont know whether he will come or notØ 賓語從句是特殊疑問詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞就是特殊疑問詞。如：Could you tell me where the post office is ?The teacher asked the students what they were doing.2、 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)Ø 主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)具體的情況用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：Do you know who was talki

3、ng with at 8 oclock last night?Ø 主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，從句的謂語動詞要用相應(yīng)的某一過去時(shí)態(tài)。如：He told me that he had been to England twice.Ø 從句表示的是客觀真理、普遍現(xiàn)象，自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)一律使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如She said the sun rises in the east.3、 賓語從句的語序Ø 在含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，賓語從句要使用陳述句語序，“引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語+其他”。如：I want to know when the train left.Ø 由d

4、o,does,did構(gòu)成的疑問句，在裝換成賓語從句時(shí)，要去電do,does,did,且從句中的謂語動詞要根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的變化。如：Does he sing well ? The music teacher asked him.-> The music teacher asked him if (whether) he sang well.Ø 如果是will,be , have ,can組成的疑問句，在變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí)，要把這些詞還原到謂語位置上，并根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。如：Will you be free tomorrow ? She asked me.-> S

5、he asked me if (whether) I would be free tomorrow.4、 賓語從句的簡化Ø 當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同時(shí)，且主句的謂語動詞時(shí)hope，wish，decide，agree，choose等時(shí)，從句可以簡化為不定式。I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive you e-mail.Ø 當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動詞是know，remember，forget，learn等時(shí)，從句可簡化為“疑問句+不定式”。She doesnt know w

6、hat she should do next.=She doesnt know what to do next.5、 否定轉(zhuǎn)移在主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的主語為第一人稱時(shí)，謂語動詞時(shí)think，believe，suppose等時(shí)，要將從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定形式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定形式。I dont think he will come with you.2、 狀語從句類型引導(dǎo)連詞例句時(shí)間狀語從句when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon asYou didnt look very when you got

7、 up this morning.條件狀語從句if , as long as , unlessI ll stay at home if it rains tomorrow.原因狀語從句because, since, as, forYou cant go there alone because you are too young.目的狀語從句So that, in order thatPlease say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.結(jié)果狀語從句so.thatsuch.thatIts so hot that we want to

8、 go swimming.讓步狀語從句thoughalthough, even if, wheneverEven though he is eighty, the man looks strong and healthy.比較狀語從句than, as.as, not asso.asHe runs as fast as Mike.時(shí)間狀語從句（1） 當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)態(tài)或祈使句，表示將來的意義時(shí)，從句通常用一般將來時(shí)，簡稱“主將從現(xiàn)”。如：Ill ring you as soon as I get up.(2) when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，通常表示主句和從句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生；before表示主句

9、的動作發(fā)生在從句之前；after則表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句之后；as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，往往表示主句和從句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，不分先后。(3) until和till引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。1 主句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時(shí)，主句用肯定形式，表示這一動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到untiltill所表示的時(shí)間為止。如：Ill wait for you till you come to see me.2 主句的謂語動詞時(shí)非延續(xù)性動詞時(shí)，用否定形式表示主句的動作直到until所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生。構(gòu)成句式not.until, 有時(shí)不用not，而用其他如never，nothing等表示否定意義的詞。如：I didnt go

10、 to bed until I finished my homework.(4) since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“自.以來”，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。機(jī)構(gòu)為：It has been.since+從句It is .since+從句。如：I have worked in this school since I graduated from Beijing University.It is 10 years since I began to study English.條件狀語從句(1) 主句為一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Ill visit the Great Wa

11、ll if it doesnt rain tomorrow.(2) 如果if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句所表示的前提或條件將來可以實(shí)現(xiàn)或正在進(jìn)行，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句通常用將來時(shí)。如：We will give you a good price if you are thinking of buying it.(3) ”祈使句+andor+陳述句”中，祈使句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句。如：Use your head, and youll find a way.=If you use your head ,youll find a way.原因狀語從句(1) 原因狀語從句通常用because

12、、since、as引導(dǎo)。這三個詞所表示的語氣依次減弱，用why提問用because來回答。如：I did that because she told me .(2) 如果狀語從句所表示的原因是人們已知的事實(shí)，就要用since，而不用as或because。Since在這里的意思是“既然”。如：Since you cant answer the question, you can ask someone for help.目的狀語從句(1) 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的詞或詞組有so that， in order that等，謂語中常含有may，might，can，could，will，would等情態(tài)動詞

13、。如：He must get up early so that he can go to work on time.(2) 當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一致時(shí)，可用so as to, in order to .如：He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.=He worked day and night in order to succeed.結(jié)果狀語從句(1) 由so.that, such.that引導(dǎo)，其區(qū)別：1 So+adjadv+that2 Such+aan+(adj+)單數(shù)名詞+that3 Such+（adj+）復(fù)數(shù)名詞+t

14、hat4 Such +(adj+)不可數(shù)名詞+that5 So +adj+aan+單數(shù)名詞+that當(dāng)名詞前有many或much修飾時(shí)，用so而不用such。如：She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much.We have so much time that we can finish the work very well.(2) so.that 句型的否定形式可用簡單句too.to或 not.enough to代替。The pea

15、ch is so sour that we cant eat it.= The peach is too sour to eat.=The peach is not sweet enough to eat.3、 定語從句含有定語從句的復(fù)合句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句。定語從句的關(guān)系詞的作用：關(guān)系詞作用先行詞例句that, who, whom主語、賓語人The foreigner who speaks good Chinese is from Canada.that, which主語、賓語物I wanted to know which school it was you went to

16、 .whose賓語人、物We dont like the boy whose father is a manager.when狀語時(shí)間I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.where狀語地點(diǎn)This is where my mother works.why狀語原因Could you explain the reason why you were late?關(guān)系代詞的用法一般情況下，that既可指人又可指物，可以代替who，whom和which，在從句中作主語，表語或謂語動詞的賓語，但不能放于介詞后，作介詞的賓語；which指物，在

17、從句中作主語、表語或謂語動詞及介詞的賓語；who在從句中作主語、表語或賓語；whom在從句中賓語；whose在從句中作定語。如：A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health. 先行詞 主語 謂語 賓語 定語從句修飾先行詞Who時(shí)關(guān)系代詞，在丁定語從句中作主語。下列情況中，先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用that引導(dǎo)，不能用which：1、 先行詞時(shí)all，little，much，none，everything，nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。Is there anything (that) you dont understand?Tom told hi

18、s mother all that had happened.2、 當(dāng)先行詞有the only，the very，the last等修飾時(shí)。This is the only book that I can find.3、 當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾先行詞時(shí)。This is the best book that I have ever read.4、 當(dāng)先行詞有only，all，any修飾時(shí)。I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.5、 當(dāng)主句是以疑問句which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。Which is the hotel that you like best？關(guān)系代詞的省略。一般情況下that，which，whom作賓語時(shí)可以省略，但以下情況不能省略：1、 關(guān)系代詞which， whom在從句中作介詞的賓語并且介詞謂語關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，不能省略。Ill never forget the day on which I joined the club.2、 that，which，who在從句中作主語時(shí)，不能省略。Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?關(guān)系副詞的用法1、 when表示時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀