英語組陳鵷教案

1、高三第二輪復(fù)習(xí)教案陳鵷冠詞1. 定冠詞的基本用法 用于特指一定的人、事物或上下文提到的 人、事物。如： I woke up with a bad headache, yet by the evening the pain had gone.  (2) 在表示世界上獨一無二的事物前。如： The moon turns round the earth.(3) 在單數(shù)名詞前，表示某一類別或某項發(fā) 明。如：The tiger is a dangerous animal.(4) 在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前及表示江、河、湖、海、山川、群島等的名詞前。如： We are said to

2、 be living in the Information Age, a time of new discoveries and great changes. (5) 在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級前或用于特 指“兩者中較的一個”。如： As is known to all, the Peoples Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world. (6) 在方位名詞前、某些習(xí)慣用語或表示時間 的詞組中：on the left, in the east / west, on the other hand, in

3、 the end, the other day等。(7) 在形容詞前表示一類人或事物。如：the poor / rich / young / dying / good / unknown 等。(8) 在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示全家人或夫婦 二人。如：The Smiths are sitting at the table.(9) 在表示度量單位的名詞前，表示“每一”。 如： Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year. Right, he will also get paid by the week. 零冠詞的用法（不用冠詞的情

4、況） (1) 復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指時，其前不加冠詞。如： The Smiths dont usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.  (2) 可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名 詞所有格時，其前不用冠詞。如： Jacks English book is lying on his desk.(3) 專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞和表示人名、地名 等的名詞前，通常不用冠詞。如： Sarah looked at the fin

5、ished painting with satisfaction. (4) 表示季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、一日三餐的名詞 前，以及表示體育運動項目、學(xué)科、運輸或通訊方 式等的名詞前，通常不用冠詞。如： Were going to watch a match on Sunday.(5) 表示職務(wù)、頭銜的名詞作表語、同位語、補足語等 時，其前不用冠詞。如： Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take place of George. (6) 在某些固定搭配中, 如：at dawn, on seco

6、nd thoughts, come to light, come to power, give birth to, out of control, in public, ahead of time, in debt, hand in hand, in place of, do harm to等。4. 有無冠詞意義迥異的短語無冠詞有冠詞on office執(zhí)政in the office在辦公室in prison 坐牢in the/a prison在監(jiān)獄go to church 去做禮拜go 

7、;to the church 去教堂go to sea 當(dāng)水手go to the sea 去海邊in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，管理in the charge of 由負(fù)責(zé)out of question 不成問題out of the question不可能5. 不定冠詞用于短語搭配中。(1) “have/takea(n)與動詞同形的名詞”， 表示動作的一次。 have

8、/take a rest 休息一會兒 have/take a look 看一下 have/take a bath 洗個澡6. 定冠詞用于固定搭配。 in the morning; on the other hand; on the contrary; on the air; in the end; come to the point; the ABC of.7. 在一些固定短語中，名詞前不用冠詞。at night; at home; day after day; by telephone; in danger; on purpose; out of control; under+n.; be

9、home to名詞一、名詞的數(shù)1. 有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式具有特殊意義，如custom 風(fēng)俗 customs 海關(guān), arm 臂 arms 武器, ash 灰 ashes 骨灰, brain 腦 brains（群體中）最聰明的人, manner 方式 manners 禮貌, work 工作 works 工廠。2. 有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形，如sheep, goldfish, spacecraft, Chinese, means, species。3. 有些名詞形式上是單數(shù)，但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義, 如cattle, police, public, staff。4. 有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有特殊的變化，如child

10、 children, tooth teeth, mouse mice, phenomenon phenomena。5. 復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)形式有三種情況： 1) 將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如theatre-goers, fire-engines, grown-ups。 2) 將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如editors-in-chief, runners-up。 3) 將兩部分皆變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。這種復(fù)合名詞中的第一個名詞須是man 或woman，如men servants, women doctors。二、名詞所有格1. s 所有格：主要用于表示人或較高級動物的名詞后，如Shelleys best poems, d

11、ogs leg。 也可用于一些表示無生命東西的名詞后，如yesterday's lesson, an hour's drive。注意：'s 所有格所修飾名詞的省略：1) ' s 所有格所修飾的名詞如之前已出現(xiàn), 則可以省略。如： Whose seat is this? It is Mary's.2) 's 所有格后的名詞如指商店、家等地點時, 該名詞常省略。如： I'm going to the barber's. I went to Paul's, but he was at his cousin's.3) 有些

12、教堂、宮殿、醫(yī)院、學(xué)院等名稱前有's 所有格時，該名稱可省略。如： St. James = St. Jamess Palace 圣詹姆斯宮 Guys = Guys Hospital 蓋伊醫(yī)院2. of所有格： 1) 用于無生命的東西，如the cost of the meal, the end of the day。 2) 用于名詞化的詞，如the livelihood of the poor。 3) 用于修飾語較多時，如the very long tail of the old black horse。 4) 用于代詞或數(shù)詞后，如some of the books, five of

13、the top financial experts。3. 雙重所有格：由“of +名詞的's 所有格”或“of +名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成，如a friend of Mark's, that lovely dog of hers。三、名詞的功用 名詞在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、主語補足語、賓語補足語、定語、同位語、狀語等考點歸納考點一 名詞詞義辨析高考對名詞詞義辨析的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單項填空和完形填空中，其選項基本上是形似的詞、意義相近但用法不同的詞或者形式和意義都不相關(guān)的詞。解這類題的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚選項中各個名詞的含義，同時也要注意聯(lián)系上下文的搭配和語境。考點二 名詞固定搭配Th

14、e dictionary is out of _: many words have been added to the language since it was published. (2016 天津)考點三名詞的格名詞所有格主要體現(xiàn)在短文改錯中。如：When I finally arrived at my friends he lent me lots of clothes.  考點四 名詞的數(shù)對名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單詞拼寫、語法填空以及短文改錯中。 1. Any smell might attract natural 65. _ (enemy) that would tr

15、y to eat the little panda. （四川2016）考點五 名詞構(gòu)詞法對名詞構(gòu)詞法的考查主要體現(xiàn)在語法填空中。The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative _ (explain) are hard to find. (2017 江蘇)2. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is _ (honest). （2016新課標(biāo)全國卷I）代詞一、代詞分類單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱

16、第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱人稱代詞主格I youhe, she, itweyouthey賓格meyouhim, her, itusyouthem物主代詞形容詞性myyourhis, her, itsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshis, hers, itsoursyourstheirs反身代詞myselfyourselfhimself,herself, itselfours-elvesyour-selvesthem-selves指示代詞this, thatthe

17、se, those疑問代詞what, which, who, whom, whose關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whose, as連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever不定代詞all, both, either, other, another, one,&

18、#160;each, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, some, any, none, no one, more, most復(fù)合不定代詞someone, anyone, something, anything, nothing, everything, everyone, nobody相互代詞賓格each other, one ano

19、ther所有格each others, one anothers一、人稱代詞人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分，主格在句中作主語、表語等成，賓格在句中作動詞、介詞賓語、同位語等成分，有時也可作表語。不僅指人，也可指物，有人稱和數(shù)的變化?！咀⒁狻吭谶B詞than和as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中常常省略從句，只保留人稱代詞，人稱代詞作主語時要用主格，在口語中也常用賓格；但當(dāng)人稱代詞后有動詞時就必須用主格。如：My sister speaks English as well as me/I. (口語中常用me)My sister speaks English as well as I d

20、o. (此時只能用I)二、物主代詞1. 物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，必須與所指的名詞在人稱、數(shù)和性別方面保持一致。如：The waiters offered their food to the homeless man.【注意】單數(shù)陽性名詞和單數(shù)陰性名詞連用作主語時，如果前面有every，each修飾，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，代詞用his。如：Each boy and each girl wants to lend his raincoat to the soldiers.2. 形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，只能作 名詞或動名詞的定語。e.g. This is our classro

21、om. Would you mind my opening the window?3. 名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代 詞名詞”，可單獨作主語、賓語、表 語。此外，名詞性物主代詞還可與名詞及 of連用，構(gòu)成雙重所有格。如：This is her coat. Mine is over there.Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 三、反身代詞1. 反身代詞通常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, behave等動詞和by, fo

22、r, to, of等介詞后作賓語。如： He was left at home by himself the whole day yesterday. 2. 反身代詞可以作主語的同位語，主要起加 強語氣的作用，意為“親自，本人，親 身”。 e.g. The teacher and pupils mended the road themselves. 3. 反身代詞可以在be, feel, look, seem等系動 詞后作表語，表示身體或精神狀態(tài)處于正 常。 e.g. You look pale. Whats wrong with you? Im not feeling myself toda

23、y, not serious, though. 注意(1) 反身代詞本身不能單獨作主語。(正) I myself drove the car.我自己開車。(誤) Myself drove the car.(2) 在由and, or, nor連接的并列主語中，第 二個主語可用反身代詞，特別是myself 作主語。 e.g. Charles and myself saw it. (3) 在不強調(diào)的情況下，but, except, for等介 詞后賓語用反身代詞或人稱代詞均可。 e.g. No one but myself/me is hurt.4. 反身代詞的習(xí)慣搭配 介詞+反身代詞 for on

24、eself 為自己；親自地 to oneself 對自己；獨用 of oneself 自動地 by oneself 獨自地(2) 動詞反身代詞 dress oneself 自己穿衣make oneself at home 不要客氣seat oneself=be seated 就坐teach oneself 自學(xué)come to oneself 蘇醒devote oneself to = be devoted to 致力于enjoy oneself 過得愉快，玩得高興help oneself to 自行取用，請自便accustom oneself to=be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于am

25、use oneself 消遣，自娛behave oneself 表現(xiàn)良好apply oneself to sth. 致力于explain oneself 說明自己的意圖express oneself 表達(dá)自己的思想abandon oneself to 沉迷于，放縱一、指示代詞指示代詞是用來指代或標(biāo)記人或事物的代詞，表示“這個（些）”、“那個（些）”。1. 指上文提到的事物，一般用that，有時也用this；指下文將要提到的事物，常用this或these。如： He said I was lying, and that was unfair. (that指代上文He said I was lyi

26、ng) What I want you to remember is this： Practise makes perfect. (此句中this指代下文，不能換為that)2. that/those可作定語從句的先行詞，但 this/these不能；其中those可指人，但that 不能。如： She has known that which she wanted to know. I admire those who are always helping others. (those作定語從句的先行詞，指人)二、相互代詞相互代詞是表示相互關(guān)系的代詞，只有each other和one ano

27、ther兩個詞組，都表示“互相，相互”。1. each other和one another在句中可以作動詞 或介詞的賓語。如： Lets help each other and learn from each other. They looked at one another and laughed.2. 作定語時each other和one another須用 所有格，表示“彼此的”。如： We said hello to one anothers/each others family.三、疑問代詞疑問代詞是用來進(jìn)行提問，構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的詞，包括who, whom, whose, what,

28、 which等。1. 疑問代詞后接­ever的用法。(1) whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever 表泛指，意為“無論”。如： You have our support, whatever you decide. Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. I dont want to see them, whoever they are.(2) 置于疑問代詞后，用于加強語氣。如： Whatever do you mean? Whoever heard of such a thing!2. 疑問代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要由所代表的人或事 物的