數(shù)字圖像處理 降噪濾波 大作業(yè)

1、昆明理工大學(xué)信息工程與自動(dòng)化學(xué)院學(xué)生實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告（ 20152016學(xué)年 第 一 學(xué)期 ）課程名稱：圖形圖像基礎(chǔ)程序設(shè)計(jì) 開(kāi)課實(shí)驗(yàn)室： 2015年 12月 1 日年級(jí)、專業(yè)、班物聯(lián)網(wǎng)131學(xué)號(hào)201310410133姓名李哲成績(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目名稱圖像綜合處理指導(dǎo)教師毛存禮教師評(píng)語(yǔ) 教師簽名： 年 月 日一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康募皟?nèi)容目的：掌握和熟悉Matlab編程環(huán)境及語(yǔ)言；掌握?qǐng)D像降噪算法和用途。內(nèi)容：在課程教學(xué)和查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料的基礎(chǔ)上，選擇下面一個(gè)數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)專題，實(shí)現(xiàn)相應(yīng)算法進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)，并完成大作業(yè)報(bào)告。專題如下：(1) 圖像增強(qiáng)處理技術(shù)；(2) 圖像降噪處理技術(shù)。2、題目分析 利用matlab的GU

2、I程序設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用的圖像處理程序。該程序應(yīng)具備圖像處理的常用功能，以滿足用戶的使用?，F(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)程序有以下基本功能：1）圖像的讀取和保存。2）通過(guò)自己輸入數(shù)值，實(shí)現(xiàn)圖像的旋轉(zhuǎn)。3）圖像直方圖統(tǒng)計(jì)和直方圖均衡，要求顯示直方圖統(tǒng)計(jì)，比較直方圖均衡后的效果。4）能對(duì)圖像加入各種噪聲，5)并通過(guò)幾種濾波算法實(shí)現(xiàn)去噪并顯示結(jié)果。6）將圖像轉(zhuǎn)化成灰度圖像。3.總體設(shè)計(jì)軟件的總體設(shè)計(jì)界面布局如上圖所示分為顯示區(qū)域與操作區(qū)域。上邊為顯示區(qū)域：顯示載入原圖，以及通過(guò)處理后的圖像。操作區(qū)域：通過(guò)功能鍵實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)圖像的各種處理。設(shè)計(jì)完成后運(yùn)行的軟件界面如下：4、具體設(shè)計(jì)現(xiàn)介紹各個(gè)功能模塊的功能與實(shí)現(xiàn)。4.1圖像的讀取和保

3、存： （1）利用matlab中 “ uigetfile”、“imread” “imshow”實(shí)現(xiàn)圖像文件的讀取與顯示：實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)filename,p

4、athname=uigetfile('*.jpg''*.bmp''*.tif''*.*','載入圖像');if isequal(filename,0)|isequal(pathname,0) errordlg('沒(méi)有選中文件','出錯(cuò)'); return;else file=pathname,filename; global S %設(shè)置一個(gè)全局變量S，保存初始圖像路徑，以便之后的還原操作 S=file; x=imread(file); set(handles.axes1,'H

5、andleVisibility','ON'); axes(handles.axes1); imshow(x); set(handles.axes1,'HandleVisibility','OFF'); axes(handles.axes2); imshow(x); handles.img=x; guidata(hObject,handles);end % - Executes on button press in pushbutton4.function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, h

6、andles)% hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) sfilename ,sfilepath=uiputfile('*.jpg''*.bmp''*.tif''*.*','保存圖像文件','untitled.jpg

7、'); if isequal(sfilename,sfilepath,0,0) sfilefullname=sfilepath ,sfilename; imwrite(handles.img,sfilefullname); else msgbox('你按了取消鍵','保存失敗'); end（2）圖像保存。利用uiputfile和imwrite函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)圖像文件的保存。實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton4 (

8、see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) sfilename ,sfilepath=uiputfile('*.jpg''*.bmp''*.tif''*.*','保存圖像文件','untitled.jpg'); if isequal(sfilename,sfilepath,0

9、,0) sfilefullname=sfilepath ,sfilename; imwrite(handles.img,sfilefullname); else msgbox('你按了取消鍵','保存失敗'); end3） 程序的退出。實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼： function pushbutton5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton5 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of

10、MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)clc;close all;close(gcf);clear;4.2圖像轉(zhuǎn)化為灰度圖像因?yàn)閙atlab中較多的圖像處理函數(shù)支持對(duì)灰度圖像進(jìn)行處理，故對(duì)圖像進(jìn)行灰度轉(zhuǎn)化十分必要。利用rgb2gray（X）函數(shù)對(duì)其他圖像進(jìn)行灰度圖像的轉(zhuǎn)化。實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton11 (see GCBO)% eventda

11、ta reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage;x=rgb2gray(handles.img); %RGB?×?imshow(x);handles.img=x;guidata(hObject,handles);4.3圖像直方圖統(tǒng)計(jì)和直方圖均衡（1）通過(guò)histeq（X）函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)直方圖均衡。此函數(shù)只能對(duì)灰度圖像進(jìn)行直方圖均衡所

12、以要先將彩圖轉(zhuǎn)為灰度圖像。實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton12_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton12 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage;h=histeq(handle

13、s.img); imshow(h);handles.img=h;guidata(hObject,handles); （2） 直方圖統(tǒng)計(jì)。通過(guò)利用imhist(X)函數(shù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)直方圖統(tǒng)計(jì)。實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton13_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton13 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles an

14、d user data (see GUIDATA)axes(handles.axes2);x=imhist(handles.img); %直方圖統(tǒng)計(jì)x1=x(1:10:256);horz=1:10:256;bar(horz,x1);axis(0 255 0 15000);set(handles.axes2,'xtick',0:50:255);set(handles.axes2,'ytick',0:2000:15000); 4.4加入各種噪聲，并通過(guò)幾種濾波算法實(shí)現(xiàn)去噪（1）加入噪聲。通過(guò)imnoise(I,type,parameters)來(lái)加入各種噪聲。加入椒鹽

15、噪聲實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton6 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; prompt='數(shù)日椒鹽噪聲參數(shù)1:'

16、 defans='0.02' p=inputdlg(prompt,'input',1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); f=imnoise(handles.img,'salt & pepper',p1); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles);加入高斯噪聲：實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton10_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton10 (see G

17、CBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; prompt='輸入高斯噪聲1:','輸入高斯噪聲2' defans='0','0.02' p=inputdlg(prompt,'input',1,defans); p1=str2

18、num(p1); p2=str2num(p2); f=imnoise(handles.img,'gaussian',p1,p2); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles);加入乘性噪聲：實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton8 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MAT

19、LAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; prompt='輸入乘性噪聲1:' defans='0.02' p=inputdlg(prompt,'input',1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); f=imnoise(handles.img,'speckle',p1); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,h

20、andles); （2） 濾除噪聲（椒鹽噪聲）濾波前中值濾波后實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton14_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton14 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2); T=getim

21、age; k=medfilt2(handles.img); imshow(k); handles.img=k; guidata(hObject,handles);線性濾波后實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton16_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton16 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user

22、 data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; h=1 1 1;1 1 1;1 1 1; H=h/9; i=double(handles.img); k=convn(i,h); imshow(k,); handles.img=k; guidata(hObject,handles);自適應(yīng)濾波后實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton18_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton18 (see GCBO)% eventdata

23、 reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; k=wiener2(handles.img,5,5); imshow(k); handles.img=k; guidata(hObject,handles);低通濾波器濾波后實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton19_Callback(hObject, eventdata, ha

24、ndles)% hObject handle to pushbutton19 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)axes(handles.axes2);y1=handles.img; f=double(y1); % 數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)換，matlab不支持圖像的無(wú)符號(hào)整型的計(jì)算g=fft2(f); % 傅里葉變換g=fftshift(g); % 轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)矩陣M,N=s

25、ize(g);nn=2; %二階巴特沃斯低通濾波器d0=50; %截止頻率50m=fix(M/2); n=fix(N/2);for i=1:M for j=1:N d=sqrt(i-m)2+(j-n)2); h=1/(1+0.414*(d/d0)(2*nn); % 計(jì)算低通濾波器傳遞函數(shù) result(i,j)=h*g(i,j); endendresult=ifftshift(result);y2=ifft2(result);y3=uint8(real(y2);imshow(y3); % 顯示處理后的圖像高通濾波器濾波后實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：function pushbutton20_Callback(h

26、Object, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton20 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)axes(handles.axes2);x=(handles.img); f=double(x); % 數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)換k=fft2(f); % 傅里葉變換g=fftshift(k); % 轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)矩陣M,N=s

27、ize(g);nn=2;d0=25; %截止頻率25m=fix(M/2); n=fix(N/2);for i=1:M for j=1:N d=sqrt(i-m)2+(j-n)2); % 計(jì)算高通濾波器傳遞函數(shù) if d<=d0 h=0; else h=1; end result(i,j)=h*g(i,j); endendresult=ifftshift(result);y2=ifft2(result);y3=uint8(real(y2);imshow(y3); % 顯示濾波處理后的圖像4.5還原通過(guò)一個(gè)全局變量保存原始圖像路徑，在需要還原至原始圖像時(shí)，重新讀取該全局變量即可。實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：f

28、unction pushbutton21_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton21 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global S %還原 axes(handles.axes2); y=imread(S); f=imshow(y); handles.img=y

29、;guidata(hObject,handles);5、結(jié)果分析軟件測(cè)試基本成功，課題所要求的功能均能較好實(shí)現(xiàn)。但一些功能只支持灰度圖像的處理。其中值得一提的是在濾波處理中的低通濾波與高通濾波的效果。由于一般圖像中含有較多的低頻信息成分高頻成分較少，通過(guò)低通濾波后，噪聲以及高頻成分被濾除，圖像雖有少量失真，略顯模糊，但尚可辨識(shí)。但若是通過(guò)高通濾波后，大量的有效低頻信息被濾除，圖像嚴(yán)重失真，不可辨識(shí)。當(dāng)我第一次拿到此次的課題時(shí)，感到有些無(wú)所適從。雖然，曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)matlab的課程，在課程的考核中也取得了較好的成績(jī)，但由于對(duì)matlab的學(xué)習(xí)更多的只是停留在理論上的學(xué)習(xí)，在課時(shí)內(nèi)的試驗(yàn)也只是簡(jiǎn)單的

30、基礎(chǔ)性試驗(yàn)， 所以對(duì)matlab實(shí)際運(yùn)用不是很熟練。 為此，在實(shí)踐正式開(kāi)始前，我利用課余時(shí)間，重新復(fù)習(xí)了matlab教材，專門借閱了利用matlab進(jìn)行圖像處理的相關(guān)教程，通過(guò)索引網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的相關(guān)資料，為課設(shè)做了較為充分的準(zhǔn)備。在參考了相關(guān)材料及源程序，我對(duì)自己要做的課設(shè)內(nèi)容有了進(jìn)一步的了解，并對(duì)matlab的使用有了更深的體會(huì)。 當(dāng)然，在課設(shè)的進(jìn)行過(guò)程中，我還是遇到了不少問(wèn)題。例如，起初由于我對(duì)句柄使用以及一些函數(shù)使用的不恰當(dāng)，使得在對(duì)圖像文件的保存上就遇到了問(wèn)題，不過(guò)最后還是在老師的提示下解決了。隨著課設(shè)的進(jìn)行，對(duì)matlab的的熟悉度逐步加深。 總體來(lái)說(shuō)，此次的課程設(shè)計(jì)，還是較為滿意的。它不

31、但鞭策著我去鞏固matlab的基礎(chǔ)理論知識(shí)，還提高了我對(duì)matlab的實(shí)際操作運(yùn)用，使得理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合，為進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)matlab打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)；同時(shí)，在實(shí)踐的工程中，也讓我體會(huì)到一種努力付出并得到回報(bào)的滿足感覺(jué)。參考書(shū)目：(五號(hào)，宋體加粗)1 數(shù)字圖像處理（MATLAB）(第二版) 美Rafael C.Gonzalez 電子工業(yè)出版社附錄：(五號(hào)，宋體加粗)function varargout = faded(varargin)% FADED MATLAB code for faded.fig% FADED, by itself, creates a new FADED or raises

32、the existing% singleton*.% H = FADED returns the handle to a new FADED or the handle to% the existing singleton*.% FADED('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,.) calls the local% function named CALLBACK in FADED.M with the given input arguments.% FADED('Property','Value',.) cr

33、eates a new FADED or raises the% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are% applied to the GUI before faded_OpeningFcn gets called. An% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application% stop. All inputs are passed to faded_OpeningFcn via varargin.% *

34、See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one% instance to run (singleton)".% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES % Edit the above text to modify the response to help faded % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 29-Dec-2015 22:05:27 % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDI

35、Tgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, . 'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, . 'gui_OpeningFcn', faded_OpeningFcn, . 'gui_OutputFcn', faded_OutputFcn, . 'gui_LayoutFcn', , . 'gui_Callback', );if nargin && ischar(varargin1) gui

36、_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin1);end if nargout varargout1:nargout = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin:);else gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin:);end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT % - Executes just before faded is made visible.function faded_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, vara

37、rgin)% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% varargin command line arguments to faded (see VARARGIN) % Choose default command line outpu

38、t for fadedhandles.output = hObject; % Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles); % UIWAIT makes faded wait for user response (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1); % - Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.function varargout = faded_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, hand

39、les) % varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout1 = handles.

40、output; % - Executes on button press in pushbutton2.function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)filename,pathname=uige

41、tfile('*.jpg''*.bmp''*.tif''*.*','載入圖像');if isequal(filename,0)|isequal(pathname,0) errordlg('沒(méi)有選中文件','出錯(cuò)'); return;else file=pathname,filename; global S %設(shè)置一個(gè)全局變量S，保存初始圖像路徑，以便之后的還原操作 S=file; x=imread(file); set(handles.axes1,'HandleVisibil

42、ity','ON'); axes(handles.axes1); imshow(x); set(handles.axes1,'HandleVisibility','OFF'); axes(handles.axes2); imshow(x); handles.img=x; guidata(hObject,handles);end % - Executes on button press in pushbutton4.function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hOb

43、ject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) sfilename ,sfilepath=uiputfile('*.jpg''*.bmp''*.tif''*.*','保存圖像文件','untitled.jpg'); if i

44、sequal(sfilename,sfilepath,0,0) sfilefullname=sfilepath ,sfilename; imwrite(handles.img,sfilefullname); else msgbox('你按了取消鍵','保存失敗'); end % - Executes on button press in pushbutton5.function pushbutton5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton5 (see GCBO)%

45、eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)clc;close all;close(gcf);clear; % - Executes on button press in pushbutton6.function pushbutton6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton6 (see GCBO)

46、% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; prompt='數(shù)日椒鹽噪聲參數(shù)1:' defans='0.02' p=inputdlg(prompt,'input',1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); f=imnoise(handles.img,&

47、#39;salt & pepper',p1); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles); % - Executes on button press in pushbutton7.function pushbutton7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton7 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% hand

48、les structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbutton8.function pushbutton8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton8 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles an

49、d user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; prompt='輸入乘性噪聲1:' defans='0.02' p=inputdlg(prompt,'input',1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); f=imnoise(handles.img,'speckle',p1); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles); % - Executes on button press

50、in pushbutton9.function pushbutton9_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton9 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % - Executes on button press in pushbutton10.function push

51、button10_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton10 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; prompt='輸入高斯噪聲1:','輸入高斯噪聲2' d

52、efans='0','0.02' p=inputdlg(prompt,'input',1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); p2=str2num(p2); f=imnoise(handles.img,'gaussian',p1,p2); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles); % - Executes on button press in pushbutton11.function pushbutton11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton11 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage;x=rgb2g