第03章要素稟賦理論(英文習(xí)題)答案

1、第3章 要素稟賦理論英文習(xí)題（答案）CHOICE QUESTIONS（ D ） 1. Which of the followi ng suggests that a n ati on will export the commodity in the product on of which a great deal of its relatively abundant（adj.豐裕的） and cheap factor is used?a. The Linder theory （林德理論）b. The product life cycle theory （產(chǎn)品生命周期理論）c. The MacD

2、ougall theoryd. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory （赫克歇爾-俄林理論）（ C ）2. According to the factor-endowment theory, a nation willa. Export that product for which a large amount of the relatively scarc（ adj.稀缺的） resource is usedb. Import that product in the product ion of which the relatively abundant （adj.豐裕的）

3、resource is usedc. Import that product in the production of which the relatively scarce resource is usedd. Export and import simulta neously that product for which a large amount of the relatively scarce resource is used（B）3. The Leontief paradox （里昂惕夫之謎）questioned the validity （ n.有效性） of the theor

4、y of:a. Comparative advantageb. Factor endowments （要素稟賦）c. Overlapp ing dema nds （重疊需求）d. Absolute adva ntage（ C ）4. According to H-O theorem （ h-o 定理），differences in （）determine relative price levels and thepatter n of trade.a. Tech no logy levelb. Con sumers prefere nee （消費(fèi)者偏好）c. The relative abun

5、dance of resourcesd. Tran sportati on costs（ A ）5. Assume that Country A, in the absence of trade, finds itself relatively abundant in labor and relatively scarce in land. The factor en dowme nt theory reas ons that with free trade, the in ternal distributio n （n.分配） of n atio nal in come in Country

6、 A will cha nge in favor of （有利于）：a. Laborb. Landc. Both labor and land d. Neither labor norland（ D ）6. The trade model of the Swedish econo mists Heckscher and Ohlin main tains/.認(rèn)為） that:a. Absolute adva ntage determ ines the distributio n of the gains from tradeb. Comparative adva ntage determ ine

7、s the distributio n of the gains from tradec. The division of labor （勞動(dòng)分工） is limited by the size of the world marketd. A country exports goods for which its resource endowments （資源稟賦）are most suited（ A ）7. According to the factor-endowment theory, relative price levels differ among nations becausea

8、. The n ati ons have differe nt relative en dowme nts of factorb. The n ati ons have differe nt market scale 市場(chǎng)規(guī)模） and market structurec. The n ati ons have differe nt populati on sized. The n ati ons have differe nt in come level（A ） 8. Simply put （簡(jiǎn)單來說）,the Stolper-Samuelson theorem （斯托珀-薩繆爾森定理）st

9、ates that:a. an in crease in the price of an export in creases the in come of the resources that it uses in ten sively in its producti onb. an in crease in the price of an export reduces the in come earned by resources that are used inten sively in its producti onc. an in crease in the price of an e

10、xport reduces the in come of all factors that it uses s in its product iond. an in crease in the price of an export in creases the in come of all factors used in its producti on（ C ）9. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem （斯托爾珀-薩繆爾森定理）suggests that even though free trade mayprovide overall gains for a coun

11、 try, there are winners and losers. Give n this con elusion; n.結(jié)論），it is not surpris ing thata. Owners of relatively abundant （adj.豐裕的）resources and owners of relatively scarceadj.稀缺的）factors tend to favor（ v.支持，贊同） free tradeb. Owners of relatively abundant resources and owners of relatively scarce

12、 factors tend to favor trade restrictions （貿(mào)易限制）c. Owners of relatively abundant resources tend to favor free trade, while （conj.但是，然而） owners of relatively scarce factors tend to favor trade restrictionsd. Owners of relatively abundant resources tend to trade restricti ons, while owners of relative

13、ly scarce factors tend to favor free trade（ A ）10. Researchers have increasingly focused on（致力于） the importanee of worker skills in the creation of comparative adva ntage. Inv estme nts in skill, educati on, and training, which enhance v.提高，增 力口）a worker ' s productivity, create ） in much the sa

14、me manner that investments in machinery create physical capital （實(shí)物資本，有形資本）a. Huma n capitalb. Huma n resourcec. Physical capital d. New taste and prefere nee（ D ）11. Eve n if the export-reve nue （n.收入，所得） effect, by itself, tends to in crease the n ations welfare, the terms of trade effect may dete

15、riorate so as to lead to a net declinei.下降，減少）in the nation'welfare, the phe nomenon is calleda. Leonief paradoxb. Factor intensity reversal （要素密集度逆轉(zhuǎn)）c. Dema nd reversal （需求逆轉(zhuǎn)）d. Immiserizi ng growth （悲慘增長(zhǎng)）（ B） 12. The statements about prerequisites*.前提） of immiserizing growth （悲慘增長(zhǎng)） are false:a

16、. A n atio n's econo mic growth is export-biased（ adj.偏向出口的）b. A nation is a small nation （小國(guó)）c. A nation's marginal propensity to import （進(jìn)口邊際傾向）is very highd. A n ati on's price elasticity of dema nd （需求價(jià)格彈性）of its export is very low（ C ） 13. At con sta nt commodity prices, an in creas

17、e in the en dowme nt of one factor will in crease by a greater proportion the output of the commodity intensive in that factor and will reduce the output of the other commodity, the statement is calleda. Factor-price Equalizati on Theoremb. Stolper-Samuels on Theoremc. Rybczynski Theorem （羅伯津斯基定理）d.

18、 H-O TheoremTRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS（T ）1. The factor-endowment theory highlights（ v.強(qiáng)調(diào)）the relative abundance of a nation' s resourcthe key factor underlying （ v.決定，構(gòu)成 的基礎(chǔ)） comparative advantage.（F ） 2. According to the factor-endowment theory, a nation will import that good for which a large amoun

19、t of the relatively abundant resource is used.Correct : According to the factor-endowment theory, a nation will export that good for which a large amount of the relatively abundant resource is used.（T ） 3. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory （赫克歇爾-俄林理論） suggests that Iand-abundant nations will exportIand-int

20、ensive goods土地密集型產(chǎn)品）while labor-abundant nations will export labor-intensive goods.（T ） 4. The factor-endowment theory asserts （v.斷言，宣稱） that with specialization （n.專業(yè)化） and trade there tends to occur an equalization （n.均等）in the relative resource prices of trading partners.（F ） 5. According to the

21、factor-endowment theory, international specialization （n.專業(yè)化） and trade cause a nation ' s cheap resourbedome cheapeand a nation' s expensive resoutrccbone moreexpensive.Correct : According to the factor-endowment theory, international specia lization and trade cause a nation' s cheap re

22、soubecome e4xpensive and a nation ' s expensive resource to become choreper.（T ） 6. According to the factor-price-equalization theory （要素價(jià)格均等化理論 ）,international trade results inthe relative differences in resource prices between nations being eliminate（ v.消失，排除，淘汰）（F ） 7. The Leontief Paradox wa

23、s the first major challenge to the product-life-cycle theory of trade.Correct: The Leontief Paradox was the first major challenge to the factor-endowment theory.（T ） 8. The Leon tief Paradox suggested that, i n con trast to （與形成對(duì)照，與 相比）the predict ions of the factor-e ndowme nt theory, U.S. exports

24、were less capital-i nte nsive（資本密集型）tha n U.S.import-competi ng goods.（F ） 9. Immiserizing growth （貧困化增長(zhǎng)，悲慘增長(zhǎng)）occurs when export-biased growth generatesanimproving terms-of-trade effect that adds to the gains of in creased output.Correct : Immiserizing growth occurs when export-biased growth generat

25、es an worsening terms-of-trade effect that adds to thegains of increased output.（T ） 10. Export-biased growth （出口偏向型增長(zhǎng)）is based on an expansion of a resource, or an improvementin tech no logy, used inten sively （ adv.密集地，集中地） in the product ion of an export commodity.（ F ）11. According to Rybcz yn s

26、ki theorem, an in crease in the relative price of a commodity raises the retur n or earnings（ n.收益）of the factor used in ten sively in the producti on of the commodity. At the same time the real return（ n.收入）to the nation' s scarce factor of production will fall.Correct : According to the Stolpe

27、r-Samuelson theorem（ F ） 12. According to the Stolper-Samuels on theorem, at con sta nt commodity prices, an in crease in the en dowme nt of one factor will in crease by a greater proporti on the output of the commodity inten sive in that factor and will reduce the output of the other commodity.Corr

28、ect : According to Rybczynski theorem（T ）13. The factor-e ndowme nt theory assumes v.認(rèn)為，假定）that tech no logy and tastes and prefere nces are approximately the same betwee n coun tries, and thus it emphasizes the role of relative differe nces in resource en dowme nts as the ultimate （adj.最終的，首要的）dete

29、rm inant （ n.決定因素） ofcomparative adva ntage.（T ） 14. The Factor-Price Equalization （要素價(jià)均等化）Theory asserts that a nation with trade finds outputexpa nding in its comparative-adva ntage in dustry, which used a lot of the cheap, abundant factor. As a result of the rise in dema nd for the abundant factor, its price in crease. At the same time, the expe nsive, scarce factor is being released f