1999年英語專業(yè)四級真題和答案詳解

1、Part READING COMPREHENSION  30 MIN. SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION    25 MIN.     In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished stat ements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one th at you think is the corre

2、ct answer. Mark your choice on your answer sheet. TEXT A Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospit als, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are jus t not kept. We know that more than 850.000 children go through hospital each year

3、, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education wh ile in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.     Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital t eaching

4、 available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher. The special childrens hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are wor

5、st off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have som e contact with a hospital teacherand that contact may be as little as two hour s a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents

6、 or their own school. If the re was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.     Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and m aintaining the habit of school to keepi

7、ng a child occupied, and the latter is of ten all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summ ed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school w ork. Several par

8、ents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.     Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to e ase the anxiety about falling

9、 behind expressed by many of the children interview ed. 66 The author points out at the beginning that_. A.  every child in hospital receives some teaching B.    not enough is known about hospital teaching C.    hospital teaching is of poor quality D.  the special child

10、rens hospitals are worst off 67.    It can be inferred from the latest survey that_. A.hospital teaching across the country is similar B.    each hospital has at least one part-time teacher C. all hospitals surveyed offer education to children D.only one-fourth of the hospitals h

11、ave full-time teachers 68.    Children in hospital usual1y turn to_in order to catch up with  the ir school work. A.    hospital teachers    B.    schoolmates C.    parents    D.    school teachers 69.  We can conclude f

12、rom the passage that the author is_. A.    unfavourable towards children receiving education in hospitals B.    in favour of the present state of teaching in hospitals C.    unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teaching D.    satisfied with the resul

13、ts of the latest survey TEXT B         Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-l iterate”, in other words, to learn to understand computers and what makes them t ick. Not all experts agree, however, that is a good idea.   

14、0;   One pioneer, in particular. who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Compu tertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring peopl e closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computert own UK was formed for just the opposite reason,

15、 to bring computers to the people and make them “people-literate”.     David first got the idea when he visited one of Americas best-known computer “g uru” figure, Bob Albrecht，in the small university town of Palo Alto in Northern California. Albrecht had started a project called Comp

16、utertown USA in the local library, and the local children used to call round every Wednesday to borrow so me time on the computers there, instead of borrowing library books. Albrecht was always on hand to answer any questions and to help the children discover about computers in their own way.  

17、   Over here, in Britain，Computertowns have taken off in a big way，and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most succ essful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important di fference between the two, although they complem

18、ent each other. The clubs cater f or the enthusiasts, with some computer knowledge already, who get together arid eventually form an expert computer group. This frightens away non-experts, who a re happier going to Computertowns where there are computers available for them t o experiment on, with ex

19、perts available to encourage them and answer any questions; they are not told what to do, they find out.     David Tehbutt finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working s ide by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about compute rs, but have t

20、o be able to explain the answers to the questions that people real ly want to know. In some Computertowns there are question sessions, rather like radio phone-ins, where the experts listen to a lot of questions and then try to work out some structure to answer them. People are not having to learn co

21、mputer jargons, but the experts are having to translate computer mysteries into easily understood terms; the computers are becoming “people-literate”. 70.    According to David Tebbutt, the purpose of Computertown UK is to_ A.    train people to understand how computers work B.&#

22、160;   make more computers available to people C.    enable more people to fix computers themselves D.    help people find out more about computers 71.    We Learn from the passage that Computertown USA was a _. A. town      B.  project  &#

23、160;   C.  library      D.  school 72.  Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A.    Computertowns in the UK have become popular. B.    Computertowns and clubs cater for different people. C.    Computertowns are more successfu

24、l than clubs. D.    Its better that computertowns and clubs work together. 73.    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computertowns? A.    Experts give lectures and talks on computers. B.    Experts are on hand to answer peoples questions. C. People

25、are left to discover computers on their own. D.    There are computers around for people to practise on. TEXT C     There must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided a s on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can

26、le ave the body to regulate these matters for itself. “The answer is easy,” says Dr . A. Burton. “With the right amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings.” If he is right many people must be undersl eeping, including myself. But we must remember that som

27、e people have a greater i nertia than others.This is not meant rudely. They switch on slowly, and they a re reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time  to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must t

28、ake to lose their fatigue.     Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To qu ote one medical opinion, thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they cant sleep. Like a dvancing colon

29、ists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a poi nt in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need  not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we

30、should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which  to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue. Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr H. Roberts

31、, writing in Every Man in Health, asse rts: “It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the ma jority sleep too much.” One can see the point of this also. It would be a pity t o retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to w ork and play well

32、with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of the life span i s to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the va n of this advance. 74.    The author seems to indicate that_. A.

33、60;   there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleep B.    among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversial C.    people are now moving towards solving many controversial issues D.    the right amount of sleep is a topic of

34、 much controversy among doctors 75.    The author disagrees with Dr. Burton because_. A.    few people can wake up feeling fresh and alert B.    some people still feel tired with enough sleep C.    some people still feel sleepy with enough sleep D.   

35、; some people go to bed very late at night 76.    In the last paragraph the author points out that_. A.    sleeping less is good for human development B.    people ought to be persuaded to sleep less than before C.    it is incorrect to say that people sleep t

36、oo little D.    those who can sleep less should be encouraged 77.    We learn from the passage that the author_.A.    comments on three different opinions B.    favours one of the three opinions C.    explains an opinion of his own D.    re

37、vises someone elses opinion TEXT D     Migration is usually defined as “permanent or semipermanent change of residence. ” This broad definition, of course, would include a move across the street or ac ross a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal mig rat

38、ion within nations, although such movements often exceed international moveme nts in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very si milar to those of international migrants.     Students of human migration speak of “push” and “pull” factors, which influence

39、an individuals decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are ass ociated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matt er as difficulty in finding a suitable job. or as traumatic as war, or severe fa mine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns

40、pointed at their heads  are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influen ce their choice of destination).     Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often thes e are economic，such as better job opportunities or the ava

41、ilability of good lan d to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the Unit ed States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparen tly better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a ch

42、oice between several attractive potential de stinations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as th e presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already establis hed in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerat ions of this

43、 sort cad to the development of migration flow.     Besides push and pull actors, there are what the sociologists call “intervening obstacles” Even if push and(or) pull factors are very strong they still may be ou tweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, th

44、e trouble  and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problem s likely to be encountered on arrival. The decision to move is also influenced by “personal factors” of the potential m igrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on differen t p

45、eople, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just  because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing u p everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear  interesting and challenging to an unmarried young

46、 man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to lear n a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another. Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes confl ict. The United States and other we

47、stern countries have experienced adjustment p roblems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete w ith them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted i

48、nto the mainstream of society in the host country. 78.    The author thinks that pull factors_. A.    are all related to economic considerations B.    are not as decisive as push factors C.    include a range of considerations D.    are more importan

49、t than push factors 79.    Peoples decisions to migrate might be influenced by all the follow ing EXC EPT_. A.    personalities.                        B. education. C.    marital status.      &#

50、160;                 D. abilities. 80.    The purpose of the passage is to discuss_. A.    the problems of international migrants B.    the motives of international migrants C.    migration inside the country D. migratio

51、n between countries 答案與詳解TEXT A  短文大意：這篇文章通過一次調(diào)查，反映了當(dāng)孩子們生病住院時(shí)，醫(yī)院里的教學(xué)問題。66答案：B【參考譯文】作者在文章開頭指出了什么？【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。【詳細(xì)解答】在第一段中，作者告訴我們說“沒有人知道有多少孩子在醫(yī)院里能接受到教育，更少有人知道教育的內(nèi)容和教學(xué)質(zhì)量”，這與選項(xiàng)B“not enough is known about hospital teaching”的意思一致。67答案：D【參考譯文】由最后一次調(diào)查可以推知什么？【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題?！驹敿?xì)解答】短文第三段第二、三句說“It is found

52、that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher”由此可知，一半的醫(yī)院沒有老師，四分之一的醫(yī)院有兼職老師，那么剩余的四分之一的醫(yī)院就有全職老師了。68. 答案：B【參考譯文】為了趕上學(xué)校的功課，住院的孩子常常求助于誰？【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。【詳細(xì)解答】短文第六段第一句說“Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in tou

53、ch with school work”，由此可知，他們求助的是同學(xué)們。69. 答案：C【參考譯文】我們可以推知作者是何態(tài)度？【試題分析】本題為概括題?！驹敿?xì)解答】 作者一開頭就用Surprisingly一詞，清楚表達(dá)了對醫(yī)院教育現(xiàn)狀的態(tài)度。然后通過具體的調(diào)查結(jié)果，表明了對醫(yī)院里兒童教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀的不滿。  TEXT B  短文大意：本文介紹了“英國電腦城”的特點(diǎn)和功用。70答案：B【參考譯文】根據(jù)David Tebbutt的觀點(diǎn)，“英國電腦城”的目的是什么？【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題?！驹敿?xì)解答】短文第二段最后一句說“Computertown UK was formed

54、 for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to the people and make thempeople-literate”，由此可知，其目的是使得電腦“能理解人”(people-literate)，使電腦更好地為人們服務(wù)，故選項(xiàng)B 為正確答案。71. 答案：B【參考譯文】由該短文可知，美國的電腦城是什么？【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題?！驹敿?xì)解答】短文第三段中第二句說“Albrecht had started a project called Computertown USA in the local library”，由此可直接選出答

55、案B。72. 答案：C【參考譯文】下列哪種說法是錯(cuò)誤的？【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題?！驹敿?xì)解答】短文第四段第二、三句說“they are most successful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important difference between the two, although they complement each other.”它告訴了我們，computertowns和computerclubs是有區(qū)別而互補(bǔ)的，由此可知，選項(xiàng)C的說法是錯(cuò)誤的，故答案應(yīng)選C。73答案：A【參考譯文】下列

56、哪一項(xiàng)不是computertowns的優(yōu)點(diǎn)？【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。【詳細(xì)解答】短文第五段第二句說“The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers，but have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people really want to know”這與選項(xiàng)A “give lectures and talks on computers”相矛盾，而其它幾項(xiàng)優(yōu)點(diǎn)在本段都提到了，故選項(xiàng)A 為正確答案。 TEXT C 

57、 短文大意：本文討論的是關(guān)于人們睡眠長短的問題。74. 答案：D【參考譯文】作者似乎暗示什么？【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題?！驹敿?xì)解答】短文首句說“There must be few questions on which responsible opinionis so utterly divided as on that of how much sleep we ought to have”意思是說“很少有問題像睡眠多長時(shí)間為適量這一問題那樣存在如此大的意見分歧”，由此可以推知選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。75. 答案：A【參考譯文】作者為何不同意DrBurton的意見？【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題?！?/p>

58、詳細(xì)解答】由短文第一段第四句說“If he is right many people must be undersleeping, including myself.”要是按照DrBurton的說法，很多人就一定是睡眠不足，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為實(shí)際情況并非如此，也就是說很少的人如此，故答案選A。76. 答案：D【參考譯文】在文章的最后一段，作者指出了什么？【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題?！驹敿?xì)解答】短文第三段第四句說“It would be a pity to retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enou

59、gh to work and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm.” 由此可知，作者認(rèn)為那些生來就可以少睡覺而且不誤工作和玩耍的人不應(yīng)受到約束，故答案選D。77. 答案：A【參考譯文】從短文可知作者怎樣？【試題分析】本題為概括題。【詳細(xì)解答】通讀全文可知，作者先列出了有關(guān)睡眠量問題的三種不同觀點(diǎn)，繼而對每種觀點(diǎn)都做了評論，說明了自己的看法，但并沒有提出支持哪一觀點(diǎn)，也沒有提出自己獨(dú)創(chuàng)的新觀或修正別人的觀點(diǎn)，故選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。TEXT D  短文大意：

60、本文談?wù)摰氖菄H間移民的原因及其影響等問題。78. 答案：C【參考譯文】作者認(rèn)為“pull factors”如何？【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題，可用排除法解答?！驹敿?xì)解答】短文第三段說“Most often these are economic，such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. When there is a choice between several attractive potential destinations, the deciding factor might be a

61、 non-economic consideration such as the presence of relatives, friends, or at leastfellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in.” 由此可排除選項(xiàng)A；文中沒有談到與選項(xiàng)B和D相關(guān)的信息，故正確答案只有選項(xiàng)C。79. 答案：B【參考譯文】下列哪一項(xiàng)不是影響人們決定移民的因素？【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題?！驹敿?xì)解答】短文第五段第二句說“The same pus

62、h-pull factors and obstacles operatedifferently on different peopleor just because of their varying abilities and personalities”這里提到了abilities和personalities；本段第三句中提到了marital status。文中沒有談到與education相關(guān)的信息，故選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。80. 答案：B【參考譯文】這篇文章的論題是什么？【試題分析】本題為主旨題。【詳細(xì)解答】綜觀全文，作者在文中主要討論了導(dǎo)致人員遷徙的四種不同動(dòng)機(jī)，故答案選BSECTION B

63、 SKIMMING AND SCANNING 5 min In this section there are seven passages with a total often multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your answer sheet. TEXT E First read the following question. 81.    This is a letter of_. A.    inquiry&

64、#160;           B. complaint        C.explanation    D introduction   Now, go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 81. Flat 24 Park Mansions Newbury Road   The Manager Reliable Motors Ltd. 876 Meadow Street 14th May 2002 Dear Sir, I am writing to you concerning the Bernster Special 150 SE that I bought from