2019高考英語改錯常見考點大剖析及經(jīng)典習.doc

1、高考英語改錯常見考點大剖析及經(jīng)典習題 高考短文改錯命題焦點：短文改錯是全國統(tǒng)一高考中一種綜合性很強的試題。 短文改錯的文章多采用記敘文， 有時也 用說明文。在 100 詞左右的短文中設(shè)有十個小題，該題的設(shè)計形式有四種：1該行錯一個詞，找出來并改正。2該行多一個詞，找出來并去掉。3該行缺一個詞，補上一詞4該行沒錯，不改動。從近幾年的高考題來看，這四種形式的考查情況大致為：多一詞12處；缺一詞12處;正確1處；錯一詞56處。這種題說到底是考查用詞、詞的搭配、詞法、句法及語篇中的行文 邏輯等各方面的水平。 換句話說， 這是一種比擬全面的考查。 我們在平時的學習中就要注意做到 詞不離句，句不離篇，要特

2、別注意詞的用法、搭配和語法分析能力的培養(yǎng)。平時打好這種根底， 就為正確地解題準備了條件。 短文改錯解題技巧：1. 快速閱讀掌握大意。短文改錯時應(yīng)先從頭到尾快速讀一遍， 了解其大意， 這樣有助于了解其中的邏輯關(guān)系， 對時 態(tài)、人稱等都心中有數(shù)。十行中一般有九行有錯誤，一行無錯，如發(fā)現(xiàn)并糾正錯誤，首要的任務(wù) 是對全段文字有個整體的理解，閱讀中注意句子的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、非謂語動詞或動詞短語， 注意句子中的名詞、數(shù)詞，以及其他詞性的語法要求，注意句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，注意段落的主 旨內(nèi)容，注意整篇短文的中心內(nèi)容，這樣才更加有效地完成改錯。2. 在改錯過程中， 要結(jié)合上下文語境來觀察，不要只盯住一行。按

3、照上述的原那么，對語法、句法、邏輯詞義、 搭配等諸方面進行綜合考查分析并改正錯誤， 應(yīng)看上下文中有無邏輯關(guān)系上的錯誤， 有無語法修 飾上的錯誤， 有無慣用法方面的錯誤。 如果沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯錯誤， 那么分別檢查時態(tài)、 人稱， 單復數(shù)， 主謂一致等各項。3. 檢查句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系是否恰當。如有不妥之處，看看是否關(guān)聯(lián)詞有冋題。4. 整篇做完后，認真檢查一遍，注意其中邏輯關(guān)系是否合理，時態(tài)人稱等是 否一致。 短文改錯常見考點：1 多一詞：抽象名詞前多一冠詞：如：Modern people know more about the health. 去掉 the 專有名詞前多一冠詞：如:the Engla

4、nd 去掉 the , the Hebei Province 去掉 the , the Beijing Airport 去掉 the 固定詞組中名詞前多一冠詞：如：go to the school 去掉 the , go to the prison 去掉 the ,at the work 去掉 the , in the bed 去掉 the , go to the hospital 去掉 the , set a fire to sth 去掉 a ., at the first 去掉 the , the most of them去掉 the，at the noon去掉 the, make a r

5、apid progress去掉 a，a pienty of去掉a表示交通工具的和 by 連用的名詞前多一冠詞：如：by the air去掉 the, by the bus去掉 the, by the ship去掉 the表示體育活動的名詞前；如：piay the footbaii 去掉 the , piay the basketbaii 去掉 the 表示節(jié)日常含有 Day 的名詞前多一冠詞：如：the Nationai Day 去掉 the , the May Day 去掉 the 表示 非常意思的“ most多一冠詞：如：He is the most hardworking. 去掉 the

6、 某種讓步狀語從句中名詞前面多一冠詞：如：A chiid as he is, he knows a iot. 去掉 a 在表示時間的 “one/ this/ every + 名詞的時間狀語前多一介詞：如：on one day去掉 on，on that evening去掉 on，in every week去掉 in某些及物動詞因混淆詞義而多一介詞或副詞；如： raise up one s han去掉 up pick摘up apples去掉 up return back回來去掉 back repeat again去掉 again play with them in the match 去掉 wit

7、h marry with the man 去掉 with serve for the people 去掉 for enter into the room 去掉 into I learn English every day to improve it better 去掉 better表示地點的副詞前多一介詞：如： go to there去掉 to drive to home 去掉 to return to home 去掉 to 某些動詞、連詞、介詞或副詞后面多了一個介詞： 如： because of his left leg was broken 去掉 of instead of he deve

8、loped his love for the theatre 去掉 of I looked at but could see nothing. 去掉 at join in the army 去掉 in 狀語從句和主句間多一并列連詞：如：去掉 but 去掉 so Although he is very busy, but he often helps us with housework. As the weather was good, so I decided to go there yesterday.充當狀語的分詞和主句之間多了并列連詞： 如： Her husband died, and

9、leaving her three children.去掉 and He sat under the tree and reading a magazine.去掉 and作定語的分詞前多一代詞：如： The child who reading a book is her brother. 去掉 who去掉 which How I regretted the hours which wasted in the woods.定語從句中多一代詞：如： The film that I saw it yesterday is good.去掉 it This is the very book that I

10、 am looking for it.去掉 it He is the man we talked about him. 去掉 him 在 “連詞 + 分詞 結(jié)構(gòu)中多一代詞：如： While I waiting for a bus, I found a wallet lying on the ground.去掉 waiting 前的 I If it heated, ice turns to water. 去掉 it 在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中多了“to，如： I would rather stay at home than to go to the cinema with you.去掉第一個 to Why

11、 not to take a holiday for a good rest? 去掉 to She said she would rather not to discuss it right now. 去掉 to You had better not to go there. 去掉 to I made them to do the cleaning. 去掉 to I had him to clean the room. 去掉 to We noticed him to walk out of the garden. 去掉 to I often hear her to sing the song.

12、 去掉 to 2. 缺一詞：表一類事物的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前缺冠詞：如：A/The A horse is a useful animal.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前缺少表示 “一的不定冠詞，如： There is a A library in every town in Britain. Good health is a A person s most valuable possession.特指名詞前缺定冠詞 the ,如： Have you read the A books by Mark Twain? The book on the A desk is mine.作狀語的動詞不定式缺“to，如： Davi

13、d and I want to go off to A find help a nd other orga ni zati ons are worki ng to A improve health all over the world.形容詞最高級前缺定冠詞 the ,如：one of theA earliest kinds of moneysuch 或 so 與單數(shù)名詞連用時不可缺少冠詞，如： This is such aA good book that I like it. He is so good a A student that all the teachers like him.姓

14、氏復數(shù)形式表示一家人或夫婦二人前面缺一冠詞，如：TheA Turners are watching TV.表示世紀的某個年代前面缺一冠詞，如：In theA 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia.表示 “一個名叫 的人 前缺一冠詞，如：AA Miss Lee is waiting for you outside.“形容詞比擬級 + of the two 前缺一冠詞，如：He is theA taller of the two.某些固定

15、短語中缺一冠詞，如：in theA end, go to theA cinema, in theA daytime, on theA right抽象名詞具體化時前面缺一冠詞，如： The meeting held yesterday was a A success. It is a A famous Chinese tea. The experiment turned out to be a A failure.作定語的不定式后缺少必要的介詞，如： He is looking for a room to live in A . There is nothing to worry about A

16、 . I need a pen to write with A .一些固定短語或習慣搭配中缺介詞，如： He didn t reply toA my letter. Are you sure about A it? Thousands and thousands ofA people like watching TV. Dr Wang started to operate on A them at once. He grasped my hands and asked for A my name and address. Just then a man came to me and asked

17、 what I was looking for A .并列句缺并列連詞，如： He was tired and A it was getting dark. He asked me to go, soA I went. He is old, but A he is still strong.名詞性從句中缺少必要的連接詞，如： ThatA he will come is certain. It is uncertain whether A he can come or not. We all know the truth that A the earth goes round the sun.

18、They expressed the hope that A they would come over to visit China again.定語從句中缺少必要的關(guān)系代詞，如： The police have found the knife with which A the man killed his wife. The changes that/ which A have taken place are great. Is this the boy who A did the good deed?缺少為防止重復而使用的替代詞“tha或those ，如： The population i

19、s much larger than that A of Canada. The weather of Beijing is as good as that A of Shijiazhuang. The bikes made in Shanghai are better than those A made in Beijing.“make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch 等動詞變成被動語態(tài)時缺少“to,如： They were made to A work fourteen hours a day by the landlord. H

20、e was noticed to A cross the street.為防止重復而使用的不定式省略形式缺少了to,如： If you don t want to do it, you don tneed to I wan ted to go out, but my mother told me not to A . Don t leave the room unless I tell you to A .3. 錯一詞：名詞的單復數(shù)錯誤，如： Different people speak different language.(language languages) We have been

21、to Europe many time .( time times) His word were a great encouragement to me. (word words)t libraries) There are branch library in many villages. (library動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)的錯誤，如： Last Saturday police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York.( hurrythurried) Today it is much easier to be healthy than it i

22、s _ in the past.( istwas) Anyone may borrow books, and it cost no thi ng to borrow them. (cost t costs)形容詞、副詞混用錯誤修飾行為動詞、形容詞、過去分詞、整個句子應(yīng)用副詞，修飾系動 詞、名詞應(yīng)用形容詞及其他詞性錯誤，如： I m sure we ll havewonderfully time together. (wonderfullytwonderful) A player s native langige is not importance . (importanee timportan

23、t) Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedie nee. ( importa ntt importai) Unfortunate , there are too many people (Unfortunate tUnfortunately)人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞的錯誤，如： The game speaks for themselves. ( themselves t itself) The Blacks did hjs_ best to make me feel at home. ( his ttheir)非謂語動詞使用錯誤，

24、如： I was oft en a little tired after a day work and watch TV dema nds very little effort. ( watch t watching動名詞短語作主語 ) I am looking forward to seeing you and enjoy the talk.(enjoy tenjoying,與 seeing 是平行結(jié)構(gòu)) He always went there to have his hair cut and wash.(washTwashed,與cut是 平行結(jié)構(gòu)，采用的是have sth done結(jié)構(gòu)

25、)同義詞、近義詞、形似詞錯誤，如：across 與 through, among 與 between, except 與 besides, like 與 as, ago 與 before, accept 與 receive, living 與 alive, let 與 allow, lonely 與 alone, too 與 either, cost 、spend 、pay 與 take, hard 與 hardly, worth 與 worthy, raise 與 rise, likely 與 possible, near 與 nearly, lend 與 borrow, job 與 wor

26、k, deep 與 deeply, an swer 與 reply, high 與 highly, sit 與 seat, wide 與 widely, try 與 man age, neither 與 either, so 與 such, every day 與 everyday, all 與 both, every 與 each, find 與 found 建 立,lie躺、lie撒謊與 lay放置、生產(chǎn)，ha ng掛與 ha ng絞死sou nd 與 voice, place 與 room, forget 與 leave, hope 與 wish, call on 與 call at如：

27、 I raised my sound so that I could be heard.sound tvoice, voice 表示人的嗓音 There isn t arplace for me in the bus.place troom, room為不可數(shù)名詞表示空間 I forgot my umbrella in the classroom.forgot t left, leave表示剩留，把某物忘在某地 I hope you to come earlier next time.hopetwish, hope后面不能跟 賓語+動詞不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu) He made such much pr

28、ogress that he was praised by the teacher.such tso,當many/ much/few/little 表示 多或少的含義時，前面常用so I received an invitation but I didnreceive tt.receive taccept, accept 表示 主觀接受 You should rise your hand before ask ing the questi on.rise t raise, rise是不及物動詞，raise是及物動詞關(guān)系詞用錯，如： I also enjoyed the evenings whe

29、n we spent together.whenTthat,先行詞在定語從句中作賓語 I ll never forget the daythat I went abroad myself.that twhen,先行詞在定語從句中作時間狀語 The tool with that he is working is called a saw.that twhich,介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能用that f he will come to the ball has no thi ng to do with me.If tWhether, if不能引導主語從句 The fact which water is

30、 composed of hydroge n and oxyge n is undeni able.which tthat, that引導同位語從句只起連接作用，不做句子成分 連詞使用錯誤,如：if 與 uni ess, because 與 for, whe n 與 while We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. and f but If packages of food could be dropped from planes, the people might get hungry.If f Unless He was

31、 walking by the sea while he heard a voice for help.while f when,此時，when不譯作 當?shù)臅r候而表示 正在時，這時另一件事發(fā)生了 感慨詞用錯：what和how其他情況：介詞使用錯誤，情態(tài)動詞使用錯誤，冠詞使用錯誤等。短文改錯典型習題：I1.but a mammal..0.This is a extraord inary ani mal in every way. He is nota fish, as people might think,Off all the ani mals this brain

32、 comes closest to the huma n bra in in all shape and size. He is able to send out and imitate模仿sounds, so some scientist declare that they can actually teach them to speak. The dolphin海豚is the only animal which is fond of manscompa ny. There are a great deal old stories of a dolphi n sav ing huma n

33、beings or guide ships away from dan gerous sand ban ks. He is a creature at many gifts. He also gives pleasure to seame n duri ng their off-duty hours by jump ing and racing about in the water.答案與詳解：1. a f an在以元音開頭的單詞前應(yīng)用不定冠詞an2. 正確。3. off ff由comes closest 可知這里副詞close的最高級。短語of all 常用在最高級中表示范圍句中意為 在所有

34、的動物中 與最接近副詞off不能表達此意。4. all f both連詞詞組bothand用于連接兩個對等的成分，即shape和size.“ in both shape and size意 為：在形狀與大小兩個方面，故 all 應(yīng)改為 both5. scie ntistscie ntistssome 后面的可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)加 s 構(gòu)成復數(shù)形式。6. them him由文中He is 和The dolphin is 可判斷，此處用第三人稱單數(shù)的賓格形式，即him。7. which f that注意 animal 前的修飾詞 only. 定語從句中，如先行詞前有 only 修飾，其關(guān)系代詞用 that。

35、8. deal fmany句中 stories 為一可數(shù)名詞， 應(yīng)由 a great many 來修飾。 短語 a great deal of 通常用來修飾不可 數(shù)名詞。9. guide fguiding連詞or常用來連接兩個相等的成分，前者是saving，因此guide須改成guiding or常譯作 或者、 “還是 。10. at fof根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)改 at 為 物介詞at不能表達此意。of。 of many gifts在句中作定語，修飾a creature, 意為具有天賦的動Whatdidweusetodoaftertherewastelevision?Weusedtohavehobbi

36、es,andgoingoutsideforouramusements.Weevenusedtoreadbookandlistentomusicandbroadcasttalksoccasionally.Allwhichbelongs to the past. Now all our free time are controlled5.bythea “box. Werushhomeorgulp(吞)downour meals to be in time for this and that programme.7._We have even given up sit at table and ha

37、ving a leisurely(沉著地 )8.eveningmeal,exchanginganewsoftheday.n.6.9.Ifanymemberofthefamilydaretoopen10.his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.答案與詳解：after before根據(jù)上下文可判斷，此句的意思為：在沒有電視之前我們干些什么呢？2. going goand 連結(jié)語法作用相同的單詞、短語或句子，前面 have 是動詞原形，后面 go 也要用動詞原 形。3. book t booksbook 是可數(shù)名詞，此處

38、泛指我們過去有時也讀書。應(yīng)用作復數(shù)形式。4. which tthatthat 是指示代詞，它一般用在 all, the only, the same, no 或形容詞 的最高級后面5. aretistime 作 “時間 講時是一個不可數(shù)名詞。6. 正確。7. andtoror 此句意為 “我們囫圇吞下我們的飯， 為的是及時去觀看這個或那個節(jié)目 。此處為選擇的意 思，不是并列關(guān)系。8. sit tsitting動詞短語 give up 后應(yīng)跟名詞或名詞性的短語，故應(yīng)用 sit 的動名詞形式。9. atthenews 是一個不可數(shù)名詞，故不可用 a 修飾。此處指互相交換當天的情況，所以用定冠詞。1

39、0. dare tdares此處 dare 實意動詞，它的主語為單數(shù)。By middaythe sun was such strongthat Jim could2.3.4.and went to sleep.he awoke. He was7.8.9.not go any further. There were no tree near the path, so he took a shelter under a big rock. After drink the rest of his water, he took off his shirt and rolled theminto a p

40、illow. Then he lied downIt was late in the afternoon whenabout to sit up when he felt something move near his feet. He looked up. A long snake was about to crawl across his legs. Jim watched, too terrified not to do anything. Thesnake moved across his legs, then crawled and disappear under the rock.

41、 10.答案與詳解：1. such tsoso + 形容詞 /副詞 + that-clause, such + aan + 名詞 +that-clause2. tree ttrees主語謂語在數(shù)上應(yīng)一致。 no trees 相當于 not any trees。3. drink tdrinkingdrinking 為動名詞，其后的 the rest of his water 為 drink 的賓語。4. themtit此處應(yīng)用代詞 it 代替 his shirt 。5.lied tlay此處為動詞形式誤用，應(yīng)特別注意形近詞。女如: lie躺-lay-lain, lying; lay放、產(chǎn)卵-la

42、id- laid-laying; lie撒謊-lied -ied- lying。6. 正確。5. movetmovingmoving 為現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補，強調(diào) “感覺到有什么東西正在動 。6. up tdown此處為邏輯錯誤，句意為：低頭看腳下之物。7. 去掉 nottooto意為：太 而不能。注意英語慣用法不可受漢語影響。8. disappear tdisappeared此句中 moved, crawled 和 disappeared 為三個并列謂語，故用過去式。IVJohnwasverytired.Heallofthemmighthavetcomewiththeboat.handandswa

43、mwith1.WhenIreachedthem,2.wassotiredthatdrownedifIdidnJohn jumped into the river to save a drowning man with no thought for his own safety.Together, we got the man to shore, holding on to the boatwithone5.another.Themanlookeddead,buthisheart6.wasbeating.Johndidallwhathecould7.savethemanwhileIrantothenearesthouse8.tocalladoctor.Atthetimethedoctorcame,9.themanwasabletositup,ashelookedverysick.Thedoctorbroughthimtothehospital,and10.when we called up last night to ask about him, they told us he would be well in a day or two.答案與詳解：1. 正確。2. all tboththem 包括 J