初中介詞專項練習

1、介詞中考專題一之介詞一、考綱解讀熟悉掌握常用介詞的基本用法（表示時間、地點、方式等），以及一些常見的固定搭配。由于每個介詞都可以表達不同的含義，且無規(guī)律可循，因此在備考時考生應該注意收集介詞和各類詞搭配構(gòu)成的短語。2、 考點一 時間介詞分類基本用法例子時間介詞at 多用于表示具體的時刻前，也可用于固定搭配中，表示的時間大多比較短暫。還有at+年齡=at the age ofat seven 在七點；at a quarter to one 在12點45分at noon 在正午；at night 在晚上，深夜，入睡時刻at midnight在午夜in用于月、四季，年，年代，世紀或泛指一天的上午、下

2、午、晚上等。其后還可以加時間段，用于表示“從現(xiàn)在起，多長時間以后或多久以后”，此時常用于一般將來時。in the _ century 在21世紀in 1990; in August; in the evening 在晚上 in autumn 在秋天；in the morning 在早上； in the 1990s 在20世紀九十年代They will finish the work in an hour.on 主要用于日期、星期、節(jié)日等具體的某一天前；具體某一天的早上、中午、晚上前；morning, afternoon, evening, night等前有修飾詞時也用on。on Mid-Aut

3、umn Day; on June 1st;on Monday; on September 3rd, 1990;On a cold winter morning in 1996.since 指從某時一直延續(xù)至今，后接表示過去的時間點；主句用現(xiàn)在完成時He has studied English since 2000.from 說明開始的時間，謂語可用過去、現(xiàn)在、將來的某種時態(tài)From now on, I will learn English in the mornings.for 指動作延續(xù)貫穿整個過程，后接時間段。I have studied English for 6 years.after

4、: (1)后加時間段，表示在以過去為起點的某一段時間之后，用于過去時； （2）與時間點連用可用于一般現(xiàn)在/過去/將來時They finished the work after two years.他們在兩年之后完成了這項工作。I will ring you up after two oclock.兩點之后，我將會打電話給你。until用于否定句中，意為“直到才”,其前的謂語動詞多用瞬間動詞；用在肯定句中，意為“直到為止”，其前的謂語動詞需要延續(xù)性動詞。I didnt go to bed until my mother came home.I waited for my mother until

5、 she came home.我等我媽媽直到她回家為止。by +時間點，表示“到為止”，如果by 后加“將來的時間點”應用一般將來時；如果by 后面跟一個過去的時間點用過去完成時We had learned 1,000 English words by the end of last term.到上個學期末為止，我們已經(jīng)學了1,000個英語單詞?！癲uring+時間段”與延續(xù)性動詞連用表示某期間的動作He lives with us during these years.before表示時間。單獨用時（adv）常用于完成時態(tài)；后接從句時（連詞）從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來（主將從現(xiàn)）；后面從句如果

6、是一般過去時，則主句用過去完成時；后接時間點（介詞），意為“在之前”I have never been to Beijing before!I will finish my homework before the TV play begins.The train had left before I arrived the station.Please bring your homework before ten oclock.1、 at the end of-，“在-的底/末”，“在-的盡頭”，（后可加時間或地點）。常用一般將來時或一般過去時。句中的動詞一般無延續(xù)性。 in the end，

7、“最后”“終于”=at last =finally（只用來表示時間）by the end of-“到-底/末”，（只用來表示時間），常用于過去完成時或一般將來時。句中的動詞一般有延續(xù)性。2、 in+時間段 “-以后”， 用于一般將來時；。after+時間段 “-以后”，常用于一般過去時 另外，in后不能加時間點。after后能加時間點，常用于一般將來時，也可用于其他時態(tài)。3、in the past, “在過去”，與過去時連用；in the past/last+時間段，“在過去的中”， 常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，（表示從現(xiàn)在算起的過去的一段時間，包括此時此刻在內(nèi)）。In the past few ye

8、ars, great changes have taken place in our school. 在過去的幾年里，我們學校發(fā)生了巨大的變化。3、in time 及時 on time按時3、 考點二 地點介詞分類基本用法例子地點介詞at 多用于較小的地點前（時間at 用于較短時間；arrive at 加小地點）at the bus stop; at homearrive at the airport 到達機場in 用在較大的地方前，arrive in 加大地點arrive in China; in the world 在世界上on 表示“在上面”，強調(diào)表示接觸Look at the book

9、 on the desk.over（反義詞under）表示“在正上方”，表示垂直在上（不接觸）There is a bridge over the river.河上面有一座橋。above（反義詞below） 表示“在上面”，泛指上方（不接觸）Raise your arms above your head.把你的胳膊舉到頭上。in front of 表示“在前面”（范圍外）There are some trees in front of the classroom.（大樹在教室外面）in the front of 表示“在的前部”（范圍內(nèi)）Our teacher usually sits in

10、the front of the classroom.（教室里面的前面）before所表示的位置關(guān)系和in front of 通用，表示“在前面”He sits in front of/before me.behind“在后面”，是in front of 的反義詞Dont hide behind the tree.at the back of 表示“在后部”，是in the front of 的反義短語There is a blackboard at the back of our classroom.我們教室后部有塊黑板。by 表示“在旁邊”，與beside 同義We live by the

11、 river. 我們住在河邊。beside“在旁邊”，強調(diào)靠近；besides 連詞，“除了-，還有-”“而且”Whos that girl beside the boy?在男孩旁邊的那個女孩是誰？near“在附近”，距離比by 和next to 遠Is there a hospital near here?next to “緊鄰，在旁邊”，相當于close toThe boy next to her is my classmate.between “在之間”，強調(diào)兩者之間或眾多事物的“兩兩之間”You must choose one between her and me.among“在之間”

12、，表示“三者或三者以上之間”He is the tallest among all the children.around“在周圍”，強調(diào)環(huán)境Lets show you around the city. 讓我們帶你在城里轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)。into表示有特定的運動方向，常用動詞連用，意為“進入”The hare ran into the forest. 野兔跑進了森林。The students are going into the school bus in order/one by one.out of“從里面出來”，與into意思相反The hare came out of its cave. 野兔從它

13、的洞里出來了。The students are coming out of the school bus one by one.through表示從空間“穿過”The little dog can go through the hole in the door.那只小狗能從門洞里鉆出來。across表示從平面“穿過”river, Go across the bridge and then turn left. 過橋然后左轉(zhuǎn)。to (toward, towards)表示方向，意為“到某地”或“朝，向”My father will go to Beijing next week.The windo

14、ws open towards the south. 這個窗戶向南開。along 表示 “順著，沿著”Go along this street.（1） across, through, over, past 的區(qū)別易混詞用法例句 across表示“穿過，越過”，含有“從.表面穿過”之意，或指從一邊到另一邊而進行的動作，表示游渡、乘船過?；蜻^河時用acrossHe can swim across the river.他可以游過這條河。through都表示“穿過，越過”，含有“從.內(nèi)部”穿過之意She had to push her way through the crowd to get to

15、her son. 她必須撥開人群到達她兒子身邊。over多指在空間范圍上“越過”The plane flew over a line of mountains in the southeast.飛機從東南部的群山上飛過。past指“經(jīng)過”指從旁邊經(jīng)過。They walked past a tall tree.他們路過一顆高高的樹。（二）表示方位的介詞in,on,to的區(qū)別易混詞用法例句in 表示在某一范圍之內(nèi)（內(nèi)含）Guangzhou is in the south of Chinaon表示與某地是毗鄰關(guān)系（相切）Vietnam(越南) is on the south of Chinato表示

16、在某一范圍之外（外離）Japan lies to the east of China四、考點三 方式介詞（1） in, with 和by表示“用”時的區(qū)別易混詞用法例句in主要表示用語言、聲音、原材料等。還可以用于一些詞組中，如：in silence, in surprise, in a loud voice等Can you sing this song in English?You can write in black ink.你可以用黑色墨水寫。withwith 表示使用的工具或手段，一般接具體的手段或工具（具體有形的東西）I write my homework with a pen.by

17、by表示一種方式或方法，后面的名詞不加冠詞，也無復數(shù)形式。還可以表示用.手段或方式，后常接動名詞They go to school by bike.The girl made money by selling flowers.（2） with 和without 的區(qū)別易混詞用法例句with有“和-； 附帶，帶有”之意。有時候還可以表示“伴隨”，如：I like sleeping with the light onwith the help of 在.的幫助下play with和誰一起玩a desk with three legswithout有“沒有”之意without help 沒有幫助wi

18、thout breakfast 沒吃早餐（三）by, in 和on表示旅行方式的區(qū)別 by+交通工具的單數(shù) =on/in+修飾詞（冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等）+交通工具五、考點四 常用介詞的用法及辨析：（一）in和on的區(qū)別易混詞用法例句on the tree表示枝、葉、果實等長“在樹上”There are some apples on the trees.樹上有些蘋果。in the tree表示人或其他東西“在樹上”There are some monkeys in the tree.樹上有些猴子。on the wall表示東西粘貼或掛“在墻上”There is a picture on t

19、he wall.墻上有一幅畫。in the wall表示門、窗等嵌“在墻上”There is a hole in the wall. 墻上有個洞。（二）after與behind區(qū)別 兩個詞都有“在后”之意，behind只表示位置方面的“在之后”，不能表示時間，而after則表示時間方面的“在之后”。 For examples: behind the school 在學校后面；after 5 oclock 5點之后；after the house 在房子后面（三）、at 和to 表行為對象時的區(qū)別易混詞用法例句at與某些動詞連用，表攻擊的目標，含有某種程度的惡意。shout at 對大喊； la

20、ugh at 嘲笑Dont laugh at others. It is impolite.to只表示方向，沒有惡意She came to me and shook my hand warmly.她向我走來并且熱情地跟我握手。（四）、of 和in 用于最高級結(jié)構(gòu)中的區(qū)別易混詞用法例句of后接數(shù)詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)Tom is the tallest of the four. 湯姆是這四個孩子中個子最高的。in后一般接表示地理區(qū)域的可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式Tom is the tallest boy in the class. 湯姆是班里個子最高的男孩。（五）、to的兩種用法的區(qū)別易混詞用法例句to介詞+

21、名詞，代詞或動名詞。pay attention to 注意；make a contribution to 貢獻；get used to 習慣于；preferto更喜歡；look forward to期待動詞不定式+動詞原形want to do sth.decide to do sth.（六）、for, to 和towards的區(qū)別易混詞用法例句for常用在leave, start 后，表示運動的方向或目的。They will leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month.下個月他們將去北京參加會議。to接在go, come, return

22、, move等詞后，表示目的地When did you return to Dongguan after the holiday?假期后，你什么時候返回東莞？towards意為“朝，向”，只說明運動的方向，沒有“到達”的意思She walked slowly towards me.她慢慢地向我走來。（七）、but, besides 和except的區(qū)別易混詞用法例句but表示“除之外”，常與含有否定意義的詞連用，當but前有動詞do 時，but后接動名詞原形。We can do nothing but wait.除了等待我們什么也做不了。except表示“除之外（不再有）”，指從整體中排除ex

23、cept所帶的人或物，前面常有all, every, any, no 等詞。All the students go to the zoo except Jim.除了吉姆，所有的學生都去了動物園。besides表示“除之外（還有）”，它的意思是在原來的基礎(chǔ)上加上besides所帶的人或物，其前常有other, another, any other, a few等詞。I have a few friends besides you.除了你之外，我還有幾個好朋友。（八）、of sb. 與for sb. 的區(qū)別1、of sb. “對于（某人）”用于 It is +adj. +of sb. to do

24、sth.句型中，形容詞為clever, kind, nice 等描述人物性格特征的詞，of 后的人物與形容詞有主表關(guān)系。 It is very kind of you help the old man./2、for sb. “對于（某人）”，用于It is +adj. +for sb. to do sth. 句型中，形容詞為easy, important等不描述人物性格特征的詞，for 后中的人物與形容詞沒有主表關(guān)系。 It is important for us to study hard.六、考點五 介詞短語介詞在實際運用中常常和名詞、動詞、形容詞等詞類構(gòu)成固定搭配,這些固定搭配在句子中表

25、現(xiàn)十分活躍1、介詞與名詞的固定搭配8in a word=in short=in brief總而言之 in ones life在某人一生中 in time及時 on time準時,按時at sea在海上 on foot步行in surprise驚奇地 in a hurry匆忙,急忙 in silence 靜靜地 in a low voice小聲地in public當眾 in person 親自in pairs 成對地 in groups 成組地 in the distance在遠處in the middle(center) of在中間(中心)in trouble處于困境 in need在危難中

26、in danger 在危險中 of course當然(可以)in fact事實上 in total 總共in+語言 用-in the street在街上 on the road 在馬路上 by the way順便說 in this way 用這種方式 in the way 擋道，礙事 in a way 在某種程度上on the way to- 在去-路上on one s way to在某人去的路上at the meeting在會上 in space在太空by spaceship乘坐宇宙飛船in order妥當,適宜,正常on display/show陳列,展覽in the daytime在白天

27、in the night 在夜間 at night 在夜里 at the foot of在腳下 in line成一直線 in a row 成一排 at the table在桌子旁 at table 在就餐day by day日復一日year by year 年復一年one by one 一個接一個little by little 一點一點step by step 一步一步at school在上學out of breath上氣不接下氣at the same time同時 by hand手工out of sight消失,看不見 out of work失業(yè)on duty值日 on top of在頂上

28、on the+ 電器 通過- on the left/right在左邊/右邊 on the other side of 在-的另一邊 on the other hand 另外一方面by the time 到-時候on the other hand 另外一方面to ones surprise/joy 使某人吃驚、高興的是2介詞與形容詞的固定搭配（前面一般有be動詞）careful about小心 sure about/of肯定certain about/of對有把握good at擅長 good for對有好處good with 善于應付- good to 對-友好 thankful to 對-感

29、激 kind to對-友好 friendly to 對-友好surprised/amazed at對吃驚famous/known for因而出名 famous/known as作為而出名ready for為做好了準備sorry for對過意不去 late for遲到different from與不同similar to 和-相似 the same as 和-一模一樣be successful in=succeed in在-方面成功disappointed in對-失望interested in對,感興趣=take/show interest in 對-感興趣proud of=take prid

30、e in為而驕傲tired of厭倦 afraid of害怕 short of短缺 full of=filled with充滿familiar to為所熟悉satisfied with對滿意busy with忙于friendly/kind to對友好angry with生-的氣strict with sb,對某人要求嚴格strict in sth,對某事要求嚴格hard on sb 對-苛刻3介詞與動詞的固定搭配laugh at嘲笑 take part in參加think of想出 think about考慮，思考go on with-繼續(xù)-worry about=be worried abo

31、ut為擔心 look after=take care of照看,照料look like看起來像 look for尋找-look at 看著 look through 瀏覽Look out of 向-外看look out 小心、當心look up 查閱come/get/run out of 從-出來listen to聽- -hear from收到來信=get/receive/have a letter from- arrive in到達(大地方)arrive at到達(小地方) get to到達 wait for等候agree with同意,贊同 think about考慮 think of 認

32、為；想出；come up with想出 catch up with趕上,追上keep up with跟上，緊跟 come from=be from來自pay for支付 shout at對叫嚷talk about sth談論某事 talk to/with sb 和某人談話speak to sb對某人說 knock at/ on the door敲門play with玩耍 point at指向 point to指向,表明shout at對-叫嚷 shout to 大喊某人hear of聽說 look forward to盼望get on with sb.與某人相處do well in=be go

33、od at在學/做得好fall behind落后o.=change into把變成 translate -into 把-翻譯-help-.with.幫助做take/ catch hold of抓住 decide on決定hand in上交 hand out分發(fā)hand in hand 手拉手have nothing to do with與無關(guān)have something to do with與有關(guān)base on以面為根據(jù)keep- out of不讓進入keep-( away) from-使-遠離-leave -for-離開(去另一個地方)go in for從事,致力于deal

34、with（how）處置,對待do with (what) 處理，處置fill -with-充滿,裝滿depend on依靠,依賴,取決于tie.to.把系在上pass on傳遞 smile at對微笑believe in信任 belong to屬于look around向四周看 write to給寫信show-around 帶領(lǐng)某人參觀某地regard .as.把看作treat-as-把-當做-對待prefer- to-比起-更喜歡-真題操練1、 _ March 8, 2014, the flight of Malaysia Airlines MH370 got lost with 239 p

35、assengers _ it.A.On; in B. To; on C. At; in D. At; on2、 The foreigners arrived _ Shanghai_ night.A.at; at B. in; at C. in; in D. at; in3、 Connie arrived _ the village _ a snowy night.A.at; on B. at; in C. in; at D. in; on 4、 They usually go shopping _ their lunch break.A. against B. among C. between

36、 D. during5、What will you do _ the summer holiday? I think I shall watch London Olympic Games. It will _ in August. A.during; be held B. at; holdC. during; hold D. at; be hold6、Do you often go swimming _ Sunday morning? Yes. Why not _ with me this Sunday?A.on; go B. in; to go C. on; going D. in; goi

37、ng7、 I was born_ a Friday morning.A.in B. on C. at D. for8、Wow！Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdays _ October. A. in B. on C. at D. to9、 My friend, Henry, was born _ June 10th, 1997.A.in B. on C. at D. for10、Welcome to our hotel ! I hope youll have a good time_ your st

38、ay here.A. after B. during C. with D. since11、Both of my parents were born_ 1970.A. in B. on C. at D. to12、When was you born? I was born_ a cold winter morning in 1996.A. in B. on C. at 13、I hear our teacher will be back_ three weeks time.A. at B. in C. for D. after14、The sweet smell of the flowers

39、in the garden comes in _ the open windows making us feel in a good mood.（心情） A.on; B. with C. through 15、The old man is a good swimmer, and even now he always swims _ the Pearl River after supper. A. over B. through C. to D. across16、Why are you standing, Alice? I cant see the blackboard clearly. Tw

40、o tall toys are sitting _ me.A behind; B. next to C. between D. in front of 17、Wushu is becoming more and more popular_ westerners.A. among B. between C. in D. within18、Is this your father home? No, hes working late_the office.A. on B. at C. of D. to19、I couldnt do it _ your great help. Thanks a lot

41、.A. with B. without C. for D. to20、Kelly, whos the girl _ glasses in the photo? Its me. I used to wear glasses and have long hair.A. by B. of C. on D. With21、Its time _ the weather report. Turn on the radio, please.A. to B. in C. at D. for 22、Students are encouraged to share their learning experienc

42、e _ their classmates.A. to B. in C. at D. with 23、You can improve your English _ practicing more.A. by B. with C. of D. in24、_ 7, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition.A. In; B. At; C. On D. for 25、I like going to school _ my bike.A. in B. on C. by D. at26、After the final exam, Changchang,

43、 _ her mother, is going to travel to Canada instead of staying at home all the time.A. and B. with C. as well 27、Bill has made great progress _ the help of his teachers.A. for B. with C. under 28、Who did you go to the movies _？Nobody. I went alone.A with B. about C. for D. from29、Most people are_ building a paper factory near here. They are worried the river will get polluted.A for B. with C. against D. beyond30、The boy looks nice_ white while the red sweater looks good _ the girl.A.with; on B. in; on C. on; in D. in; with31、The Dragon Boat Festival is cel