British disease

1、England was a leader during the process of the worlds development . But after the 20th century, Britain has lost its glory .After the Second World War, the British economy suffered serious wounds. At that time, Britain restored its economic development by depending on America. After being out of Ame

2、ricas control, British economy began to go into a period that it developed its economy by itself.The 30 years from 1945 to 1975 was a slow period that the British economy was troubled deeply by colonial empire dissolves and British disease.所謂“英國(guó)病”，是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)界對(duì)20世紀(jì)以來(lái)英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展長(zhǎng)期停滯不前，綜合國(guó)力持續(xù)衰落現(xiàn)象的概括性稱(chēng)謂?！坝?guó)病”的癥狀表現(xiàn)

3、為：“走走停?！暗慕?jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率、通貨膨脹失業(yè)并發(fā)癥與國(guó)際收支危機(jī)的交織、收入分配與經(jīng)濟(jì)效率之間的矛盾、地方經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的不平衡性和分權(quán)主義日益嚴(yán)重的趨勢(shì)。由于受經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)周期的制約，各國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展都會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出”走走停停“的特征。但英國(guó)病的問(wèn)題在于，即使在走的時(shí)期，英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展也從未達(dá)到國(guó)美國(guó)、德國(guó)、日本的高速度；而在停的時(shí)期，英國(guó)往往是資本主義世界中最先陷入危機(jī)、最遲拜托危機(jī)的國(guó)家。英國(guó)病導(dǎo)致的直接后果是：盤(pán)踞世界250多年的英國(guó)海上霸權(quán)逐漸喪失；稱(chēng)霸全球100多年的英帝國(guó)殖民體系日益崩潰；壟斷海外市場(chǎng)的工廠地位逐漸喪失；英國(guó)在資本主義世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位不斷下降。Firstly, world factor

4、y and the huge colonial empire left Britain with old production department. Secondly, the third industry was full of inflation, and the traditional industry was not caused to prosper for a long time. New industry was lack of competition. Thirdly, fixed capital investment grew slowly, and labor produ

5、ctivity was low .Whats more, they paid more attention on science instead of technology, and they thought foundation was important but not application. The scientific application was not used effectively. Whats more, they paid more attention on science instead of technology, and they thought foundati

6、on was important but not application. The scientific application was not used effectively. In addition , they always obeyed the old rules, and their thoughts were seriously conservative. Their opinions about enterprise management had fallen behind. And British traditional idea with the rating system

7、 was deeply rooted in their nationality. They were cautious about bring in foreign technology. The managers didnt make their workers to participate in the management. Some managers even treated their workers as their enemies. This made the relationships between the Capital and workers become sensiti

8、ve and tense. Last but not least, the Britain implemented the system of high welfare too early. The two parties took turns to hold power. This made the economic policy lack of necessary continuity. It was these reasons that made the British economy grow slowly for a long time.“英國(guó)病”的病因：首先，世界工廠和龐大的殖民帝國(guó)給英國(guó)留下了陳舊的生產(chǎn)部門(mén)。其次，第三產(chǎn)業(yè)過(guò)分膨脹，傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)長(zhǎng)期不振，新興產(chǎn)業(yè)缺乏競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。第三，固定資本投資增長(zhǎng)緩慢，勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率較低。然后，重科學(xué)輕技術(shù)，重基礎(chǔ)輕應(yīng)用，科技成果得不到有效應(yīng)用。除此之外，墨守成規(guī)，守舊思想嚴(yán)重，企業(yè)管理較落后。英國(guó)的門(mén)第觀念、等級(jí)制度根深蒂固，對(duì)引進(jìn)技術(shù)審慎、保守。他們不讓工人參加管理，有的經(jīng)理甚至將工人視為仇敵，這導(dǎo)致勞資關(guān)系緊張。最后，英國(guó)過(guò)早實(shí)行高福利制度。兩黨輪