信息檢索與閱讀第一課：Patentspecification

1、PATENT SPECIFICATION專利說明書專利說明書第三、四講第三、四講要要 求求掌握：化學(xué)化工中常用的詞匯及科技英語的掌握：化學(xué)化工中常用的詞匯及科技英語的 翻譯基本原則翻譯基本原則熟悉：專利中所描述的兩種脫水的方法熟悉：專利中所描述的兩種脫水的方法了解：專利說明的基本形式了解：專利說明的基本形式 dehydratebarium hydroxide hydrate octahydratemonohydrate anhydrouswater of crystallisationreduced pressure(使使)脫水脫水氫氧化鋇水合物氫氧化鋇水合物(水合氫氧化鋇水合氫氧化鋇)八水合

2、物八水合物一水合物一水合物無水的無水的結(jié)晶水結(jié)晶水減壓減壓patent specification專利說明書專利說明書New words and expressionscongruent melting pointdigestionelevated temperatureazeotropic distillation overflowreceiverchemically inertmiscibleimmiscibleazeotropic boiling point同成分熔點（共熔點）同成分熔點（共熔點）浸提浸提升溫升溫共沸蒸餾共沸蒸餾溢流口溢流口接受器接受器化學(xué)惰性的化學(xué)惰性的互溶的，易混合的

3、互溶的，易混合的共沸點共沸點不能互溶的不能互溶的hydrophobicadhesive affinitytoluenechloro-hydrocarbon flowabilitywetting strengthcovalent bondrefluxevacuation疏水的，憎水的疏水的，憎水的膠粘親和力膠粘親和力甲苯甲苯氯代烴氯代烴流動性流動性潤濕能力潤濕能力共價鍵共價鍵回流回流抽真空抽真空同系物同系物filtrationfiltratehomologuebenzenepastesludgeaqueousdistillatedioxane苯苯糊狀物糊狀物淤泥淤泥水的，含水的水的，含水的蒸餾物

4、，餾分蒸餾物，餾分二惡烷二惡烷過濾過濾 n.濾液濾液碳鏈詞根碳鏈詞根C1- meth-C2- eth-C3- prop-C4- but(a)-C5- pent(a)-C6- hex(a)-C7- hept(a)-C8- oct(a)-C9- mon(a)-C10- dec(a)-數(shù)字前綴數(shù)字前綴mono-di-tri-tetra-penta- hexa- hepta- octa- mona-, enne-1deca- 知識補充知識補充第一講第一講 PATENT SPECIFICATION GB851,690NO DRAWINGSDate of Application and filing Co

5、mplete Specification:June 26, 1959 No. 22094/59.Application made in Germany on Aug. 21, 1958.Complete Specification Published: Oct. 19, 1960. Index at Acceptance: -Class 1(3), Ain46A.International Classification: -C01f. 專利說明書專利說明書國際（專利）分類號國際（專利）分類號COMPLETE SPECIFICATIONMethod of Dehydrating Barium H

6、ydroxide Hydrate脫水脫水鋇鋇氫氧化物氫氧化物水合物水合物氫氧化鋇水合物的脫水方法氫氧化鋇水合物的脫水方法We, Kali-CHEMIE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, of Hans 苛性鉀苛性鉀 化學(xué)化學(xué) 股份公司股份公司（德語）（德語） Bckler Allee 20, Hannover, Germany, a body corporate organized under the laws of 法人團(tuán)體法人團(tuán)體Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for 特此特此which we pray that a patent

7、may be granted to us, 請求請求 授予，準(zhǔn)予授予，準(zhǔn)予and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following 詳細(xì)地詳細(xì)地 statement: 我們，我們，德國法律下組織的一個法人團(tuán)體，特此，德國法律下組織的一個法人團(tuán)體，特此宣布一項我們申請并希望授予專利的發(fā)明以及在下列宣布一項我們申請并希望授予專利的發(fā)明以及在下列的陳述中將被詳細(xì)描述的該發(fā)明的實施方法。的陳述中將被詳細(xì)描述的該發(fā)明的實施方法。我們，我們，德國法律下組織的一個法人

8、團(tuán)體，特此宣布一項發(fā)明以及本發(fā)明，德國法律下組織的一個法人團(tuán)體，特此宣布一項發(fā)明以及本發(fā)明的實施方法，希望能授予我們專利。相關(guān)的詳細(xì)描述的聲明如下：的實施方法，希望能授予我們專利。相關(guān)的詳細(xì)描述的聲明如下：This invention relates to a method of dehydrating barium hydroxide hydrates. 涉及，與涉及，與有關(guān)有關(guān) 本發(fā)明是有關(guān)氫氧化鋇本發(fā)明是有關(guān)氫氧化鋇水合物水合物脫水的方法。脫水的方法。Barium hydroxide octahydrate, monohydrate, and octa-：八：八 mono- ：一：一an

9、hydrous barium hydroxide are known as well 無水無水defined compounds. Products having varying contents of water of crystallization between the 結(jié)晶水結(jié)晶水mono- and the octahydrate are also industrially used. 八水合、一水合八水合、一水合氫氧化鋇氫氧化鋇和無水氫氧化鋇都是明確界定的化合物。和無水氫氧化鋇都是明確界定的化合物。 結(jié)晶水含量在一到八之間的產(chǎn)物（氫氧化鋇）也是工業(yè)上常用的。結(jié)晶水含量在一到八之間的產(chǎn)

10、物（氫氧化鋇）也是工業(yè)上常用的。Barium hydroxide octahydrate congruently melts in 共熔融共熔融its own water of crystallization. The water cannot be removed from this solution otherwise than by 除了除了之外之外prolonged heating at temperatures up to 300. The延長的延長的process is accompanied by troublesome spattering and incrustation p

11、henomena. 飛濺飛濺結(jié)殼，積垢結(jié)殼，積垢八水合氫氧化鋇共熔融于其結(jié)晶水中。（八水合氫氧化鋇與其結(jié)晶八水合氫氧化鋇共熔融于其結(jié)晶水中。（八水合氫氧化鋇與其結(jié)晶水共熔融。）水共熔融。）除非在除非在 300以上的溫度下長時間的加熱，否則這些水無法從溶液中除去。以上的溫度下長時間的加熱，否則這些水無法從溶液中除去。（這些水只有通過（這些水只有通過在在300以上的溫度下以上的溫度下長時間地加熱才能從溶液中除去。）長時間地加熱才能從溶液中除去。） 這個過程伴隨著令人討厭的飛濺和結(jié)殼現(xiàn)象。這個過程伴隨著令人討厭的飛濺和結(jié)殼現(xiàn)象。An improvement can be achieved by de

12、hydrating under reduced pressure at a temperature of about 130 . 減壓減壓The barium hydroxide octahydrate will then, when slowly heated, lose part of its water of crystallization at temperature below its congruent melting point of 78, 共熔點，同成分熔點共熔點，同成分熔點so that the solid state is preserved throughout the

13、 dehydrating process. 在大約在大約130的溫度和減壓條件下脫水能實現(xiàn)對該方法的改進(jìn)的溫度和減壓條件下脫水能實現(xiàn)對該方法的改進(jìn) 。（對該方法的改進(jìn)措施是（對該方法的改進(jìn)措施是在大約在大約130的溫度和減壓條件下脫水。的溫度和減壓條件下脫水。）當(dāng)緩慢加熱時，八水合氫氧化鋇將在低于其共熔點即當(dāng)緩慢加熱時，八水合氫氧化鋇將在低于其共熔點即78的溫度的溫度下失去部下失去部分結(jié)晶水，從而使得整個脫水過程保持在固態(tài)中進(jìn)行。分結(jié)晶水，從而使得整個脫水過程保持在固態(tài)中進(jìn)行。A drawback of this method is the long time the process 缺點，弊

14、端缺點，弊端of dehydration takes to perform, the water of crystallization being released extremely slowly. In both cases it is impossible quantitatively to control the degree of dehydration attained in the course of the process. 脫水脫水 n. 過程，進(jìn)程過程，進(jìn)程 quantitatively 定量地；定量地； qualitatively 定性地定性地這種方法的缺點是所進(jìn)行的脫水

15、過程時間長，結(jié)晶水釋放非常緩慢。這種方法的缺點是所進(jìn)行的脫水過程時間長，結(jié)晶水釋放非常緩慢。 兩種情況下都不可能在工藝兩種情況下都不可能在工藝過程過程中定量地控制脫水的程度。中定量地控制脫水的程度。It has now been found that the water of crystallization can be withdrawn from the barium hydroxide hydrate 提取，抽出提取，抽出either by heating the same in an organic solvent, the water being azeotropically dis

16、tilled off with the solvent, 共沸蒸餾共沸蒸餾or by removing it from the barium hydroxide hydrate merely by digestion in a suitable solvent at elevated 浸提浸提 升溫升溫temperature. 現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)可以通過兩種方法把氫氧化鋇水合物中的結(jié)晶水除去：將其在某現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)可以通過兩種方法把氫氧化鋇水合物中的結(jié)晶水除去：將其在某一有機(jī)溶劑中加熱，一有機(jī)溶劑中加熱，水可以水可以通過通過與溶劑一起與溶劑一起共沸蒸餾而除去；或在升溫條共沸蒸餾而除去；或在升溫條件下用合適的溶

17、劑將水從氫氧化鋇件下用合適的溶劑將水從氫氧化鋇水合物水合物中浸提出去。中浸提出去。It is, however, necessary to select a solvent which is chemically inert to barium hydroxide, 化學(xué)惰性的化學(xué)惰性的but the selected solvent may be a solvent mixture. 然而，所選擇的溶劑必須對氫氧化鋇是化學(xué)惰性的，且可能是一種混合溶然而，所選擇的溶劑必須對氫氧化鋇是化學(xué)惰性的，且可能是一種混合溶劑。劑。Organic solvents which, in the liquid

18、 phase, are not miscible with water in any proportion have been 易混合的，互溶的易混合的，互溶的 比例比例found to be especially useful for performing the azeotropic distillation, so that the continuous and 共沸蒸餾共沸蒸餾complete separation of the water can be effected in a receiver fitted with an overflow. 接受器接受器 溢流口溢流口 液相時以

19、任意比例都不能和水互溶的有機(jī)溶劑在進(jìn)行共沸蒸餾時是特別液相時以任意比例都不能和水互溶的有機(jī)溶劑在進(jìn)行共沸蒸餾時是特別有用的，因此使用裝有溢流口的接收器可以連續(xù)并完全地將水分離出去。有用的，因此使用裝有溢流口的接收器可以連續(xù)并完全地將水分離出去。It is then possible to dehydrate relatively large quantities of barium hydroxide hydrate with the aid of a constant quantity of solvent. 因而使用因而使用一定量的一定量的溶劑就可能使相當(dāng)溶劑就可能使相當(dāng)大量的大量的氫氧化

20、鋇氫氧化鋇水合物水合物脫水。脫水。In the case of barium hydroxide octahydrate a solvent must be selected which has a boiling point 沸點沸點near the congruent melting point of 78，and an 共熔點，同成分熔點共熔點，同成分熔點azeotropic boiling point which below this melting point. 共沸點共沸點 熔點熔點 對于八水合氫氧化鋇而言，所選擇的溶劑必須具有與同成分熔點即對于八水合氫氧化鋇而言，所選擇的溶劑必須

21、具有與同成分熔點即78相近相近的沸點和的沸點和低于此熔點的低于此熔點的共沸點共沸點。The process of dehydration can be discontinued when a desired quantity of water has been removed so that barium hydroxides in any desired stage of hydration can thus be obtained. 當(dāng)一定量的水被除去時，脫水過程可以隨時中止，因此可以獲得所當(dāng)一定量的水被除去時，脫水過程可以隨時中止，因此可以獲得所希望的結(jié)晶水?dāng)?shù)目的氫氧化鋇。希望的結(jié)晶水?dāng)?shù)

22、目的氫氧化鋇。停止停止For lower hydrates of barium hydroxide the selection of a suitable solvent is not determined in the above manner, and the boiling point of pure solvent and of the azeotropic mixture should be above and as close as possible respectively to the boiling point of water. 分別地分別地 對于結(jié)晶水?dāng)?shù)目較少的氫氧化鋇，

23、合適溶劑的選擇與上述方式不同：純對于結(jié)晶水?dāng)?shù)目較少的氫氧化鋇，合適溶劑的選擇與上述方式不同：純?nèi)軇┖凸卜谢旌衔锏姆悬c應(yīng)分別高于和盡可能接近水的沸點。溶劑和共沸混合物的沸點應(yīng)分別高于和盡可能接近水的沸點。 In an alternative procedure of heating the barium hydroxide hydrates with an organic solvent, the water of crystallization is removed by digestion in an anhydrous organic solvent or solvent mixture

24、which is chemically inert with respect to barium hydroxide but miscible in the liquid phase with water in any proportion, the process being performed at a temperature above the congruent melting point of the barium hydroxide octahydrate and below the boiling point of the solvent or solvent mixture.

25、在另一個把氫氧化鋇在另一個把氫氧化鋇水合物水合物與有機(jī)溶劑一起加熱的方法中，結(jié)晶水是通過與有機(jī)溶劑一起加熱的方法中，結(jié)晶水是通過在一種無水的有機(jī)溶劑或溶劑混合物中浸提而除去的，這種溶劑對于氫氧在一種無水的有機(jī)溶劑或溶劑混合物中浸提而除去的，這種溶劑對于氫氧化鋇是化學(xué)惰性的，且在液相可以與水以任意比例互溶，化鋇是化學(xué)惰性的，且在液相可以與水以任意比例互溶，脫水過程的溫度脫水過程的溫度高于八水合氫氧化鋇的共熔點而低于溶劑或溶劑混合物的沸點。高于八水合氫氧化鋇的共熔點而低于溶劑或溶劑混合物的沸點。PATENT SPECIFICATION （II）第二講第二講It has been proposed

26、to dry aqueous pastes or sludges consisting of fine particles of hydrophobic solids, by a method which consists in mixing the pastes with a second liquid which is substantially immiscible with water and which has a greater adhesive affinity with solid than water, and then separating the solid from i

27、ts water by the displacement of the water, the second liquid being then removed by evaporation until the paste is dry. （人們）提議，人們提出了。（人們）提議，人們提出了。含水的糊狀物含水的糊狀物淤泥狀淤泥狀物物細(xì)顆粒細(xì)顆粒疏水的疏水的不能混溶的不能混溶的膠粘親和力膠粘親和力蒸發(fā)蒸發(fā) n.evaporate v. 在于在于 +名詞或動名詞名詞或動名詞It has been proposed to dry aqueous pastes or sludges consisting

28、of fine particles of hydrophobic solids, by a method which consists in mixing the pastes with a second liquid which is substantially immiscible with water and which has a greater adhesive affinity with solid than water, and then separating the solid from its water by the displacement of the water, t

29、he second liquid being then removed by evaporation until the paste is dry. 人們提出人們提出了一種方法來干燥由了一種方法來干燥由疏水的疏水的細(xì)顆粒細(xì)顆粒組成的組成的含水的糊狀物含水的糊狀物或或淤泥狀物淤泥狀物。這種方法是指將這些糊狀物與第二種液體混合，所選的。這種方法是指將這些糊狀物與第二種液體混合，所選的液體與水完全液體與水完全不能混溶不能混溶，而且它與固體之間的，而且它與固體之間的膠粘親和力膠粘親和力大于水；大于水；然后然后通過置換水的方法把固體從水里分離出來；再通過通過置換水的方法把固體從水里分離出來；再通過蒸發(fā)蒸

30、發(fā)作用除作用除去第二去第二種液體，直至糊狀物干燥。種液體，直至糊狀物干燥。合適的置換液體合適的置換液體如如甲苯甲苯或其它或其它苯苯的的同系物同系物，以及以及各種各種氯代烴氯代烴。Suitable displacing liquid are for instance toluene or other benzene homologues, as well as various chloro-hydrocarbons. homo- 同；同； hetero- 異異 The major proportion of the adhesively bound water is removed from t

31、he aqueous pastes after their flowability has possibly first been improved by the addition of further water, the water being displaced by the second liquid and separated without the application of heat, for instance by filtration. 當(dāng)含水糊狀物的當(dāng)含水糊狀物的流動性流動性通過通過進(jìn)一步加入水的方法可能得到改進(jìn)一步加入水的方法可能得到改進(jìn)后，大部分粘附的水可以從中除去。

32、水被第二種液體取代進(jìn)后，大部分粘附的水可以從中除去。水被第二種液體取代后無需通過加熱，可用如后無需通過加熱，可用如過濾過濾的方法分離出去。的方法分離出去。filtration 過濾過濾 n. filtrate 濾液濾液 n. filter 過濾過濾 v. 過濾器過濾器 n. 少量殘留的仍然粘附在疏水固體上的水可以通過與第少量殘留的仍然粘附在疏水固體上的水可以通過與第二種液體二種液體共沸蒸餾共沸蒸餾一起除去。一起除去。Small residues of water still attached by the hydrophobic solid are azeotropically distill

33、ed off together with the second liquid. 這種方法的目的是通過這種方法的目的是通過利用利用第二種液體具有第二種液體具有比比水更強的水更強的潤濕潤濕能力能力，來干燥其他方式難以干燥的、由疏水的細(xì)顆粒組成的，來干燥其他方式難以干燥的、由疏水的細(xì)顆粒組成的含水糊狀物，含水糊狀物，同時同時該方法從該方法從熱能熱能消耗角度來說是比較經(jīng)濟(jì)消耗角度來說是比較經(jīng)濟(jì)的。的。The object of the method is to dry otherwise difficultly drying aqueous pastes consisting of fine part

34、icles of hydrophobic solids by utilising the higher wetting strength of the second liquid in relation to water, the method at the same time affording economies in the consumption of thermal energy. It has been proposed to dry pastes or sludges consisting of fine particles of hydrophobic solids, by a

35、 method which consists in mixing the pastes with a second liquid which is substantially immiscible with water and which has a greater adhesive affinity with solid than water, and then separating the solid from its water by the displacement of the water, the second liquid being then removed by evapor

36、ation until the paste is dry. Suitable displacing liquid are for instance toluene or other benzene homologues, as well as various chloro-hydrocarbons. The major proportion of the adhesively bound water is removed from the aqueous pastes after their flowability has possibly first been improved by the

37、 addition of further water, the water being displaced by the second liquid and separated without the application of heat, for instance by filtration. Small residues of water still attached by the hydrophobic solid are azeotropically distilled off together with the second liquid. The object of the me

38、thod is to dry otherwise difficultly drying aqueous pastes consisting of fine particles of hydrophobic solids by utilising the higher wetting strength of the second liquid in relation to water, the method at the same time affording economies in the consumption of thermal energy. 人們提出人們提出了一種方法來干燥由了一種

39、方法來干燥由疏水的疏水的細(xì)顆粒細(xì)顆粒組成的組成的含水的糊狀物含水的糊狀物或或淤泥狀物淤泥狀物。這種方法是指將這些糊狀物與第二種液體混合，所選的。這種方法是指將這些糊狀物與第二種液體混合，所選的液體與水完全液體與水完全不能混溶不能混溶，而且它與固體之間的，而且它與固體之間的膠粘親和力膠粘親和力大于水；大于水；然后通過置換水的方法把固體從水里分離出來；再通過然后通過置換水的方法把固體從水里分離出來；再通過蒸發(fā)蒸發(fā)作用除作用除去第二種液體，直至糊狀物干燥。合適的置換液體去第二種液體，直至糊狀物干燥。合適的置換液體如如甲苯甲苯或其它或其它苯苯的的同系物同系物，以及以及各種各種氯代烴氯代烴。當(dāng)含水糊狀物

40、的。當(dāng)含水糊狀物的流動性流動性通過進(jìn)一步加通過進(jìn)一步加入水的方法可能得到改進(jìn)后，大部分粘附的水可以從中除去。這些入水的方法可能得到改進(jìn)后，大部分粘附的水可以從中除去。這些水被第二種液體取代后無需通過加熱，可用如水被第二種液體取代后無需通過加熱，可用如過濾過濾的方法分離出去。的方法分離出去。少量殘留的仍然粘附在疏水固體上的水可以通過與第二種液體少量殘留的仍然粘附在疏水固體上的水可以通過與第二種液體共沸共沸蒸餾蒸餾一起除去。這種方法的目的是通過一起除去。這種方法的目的是通過利用利用第二種液體具有第二種液體具有比比水更水更強的強的潤濕能力潤濕能力，來干燥其他方式難以干燥的、由疏水的細(xì)顆粒組成，來干燥

41、其他方式難以干燥的、由疏水的細(xì)顆粒組成的含水糊狀物，的含水糊狀物，同時同時該方法從該方法從熱能熱能消耗角度來說是比較經(jīng)濟(jì)的。消耗角度來說是比較經(jīng)濟(jì)的。In contradistinction thereto, the present method relates to dehydration, that is to say to the removal of water of crystallisation from barium hydroxide hydrates, which is bound by covalent bonds and in practice produces comp

42、ounds of distinctive properties. thereto 一般指上文或此外；一般指上文或此外； hereto 于此，關(guān)于這個于此，關(guān)于這個與與上述方法上述方法不同的是，本方法和不同的是，本方法和脫水脫水有關(guān)，有關(guān)，也就是也就是從從氫氧化氫氧化鋇水合物鋇水合物除去除去結(jié)晶水結(jié)晶水，脫水行為受，脫水行為受共價鍵共價鍵所限制，并且在所限制，并且在實實踐中踐中可以制備具有不同性質(zhì)的化合物。可以制備具有不同性質(zhì)的化合物。Dehydration is performed whilst heating the dry hydrated initial substance, eithe

43、r by azeotropic distillation of the water of crystallisation with a solvent known to be suitable for such a purpose, or by digestion at a given temperature in an anhydrous organic solvent which is miscible with water in any proportions, and then filtering. The object as well as the manner of perform

44、ing the two methods are therefore different. 脫水脫水與加熱干燥的水合起始物質(zhì)與加熱干燥的水合起始物質(zhì)同時同時進(jìn)行，并通過兩種方式進(jìn)行，并通過兩種方式實現(xiàn)：即通過實現(xiàn)：即通過結(jié)晶水結(jié)晶水與一種滿足此目的的溶劑共沸蒸餾的方與一種滿足此目的的溶劑共沸蒸餾的方法；或者通過在一定溫度下用一種與水以任意比例互溶的無法；或者通過在一定溫度下用一種與水以任意比例互溶的無水有機(jī)溶劑浸提，然后過濾的方法。水有機(jī)溶劑浸提，然后過濾的方法。因此，這兩種方法的實施對象和操作方式是不同的。因此，這兩種方法的實施對象和操作方式是不同的。In contradistinction

45、thereto, the present method relates to dehydration, that is to say to the removal of water of crystallisation from barium hydroxide hydrates, which is bound by covalent bonds and in practice produces compounds of distinctive properties. Dehydration is performed whilst heating the dry hydrated initia

46、l substance, either by azeotropic distillation of water of crystallisation with a solvent known to be suitable for such a purpose, or by digestion at a given temperature in an anhydrous organic solvent which is miscible with water in any proportions, and then filtering. The object as well as the man

47、ner of performing the two methods are therefore different. 與與上述方法上述方法不同的是，本方法和不同的是，本方法和脫水脫水有關(guān)，有關(guān)，也就是也就是從從氫氫氧化鋇水合物氧化鋇水合物除去除去結(jié)晶水結(jié)晶水，脫水行為受，脫水行為受共價鍵共價鍵所限制，所限制，并且在實踐中可以制備具有不同性質(zhì)的化合物。并且在實踐中可以制備具有不同性質(zhì)的化合物。脫水脫水與與加熱干燥的水合起始物質(zhì)加熱干燥的水合起始物質(zhì)同時同時進(jìn)行，并通過兩種方式實進(jìn)行，并通過兩種方式實現(xiàn)：即通過結(jié)晶水與一種滿足此目的的溶劑共沸蒸餾的現(xiàn)：即通過結(jié)晶水與一種滿足此目的的溶劑共沸蒸餾的方

48、法；或者通過在一定溫度下用一種與水以任意比例互方法；或者通過在一定溫度下用一種與水以任意比例互溶的無水有機(jī)溶劑浸提然后過濾的方法。因此，這兩種溶的無水有機(jī)溶劑浸提然后過濾的方法。因此，這兩種方法的實施對象和操作方式是不同的。方法的實施對象和操作方式是不同的。 本發(fā)明現(xiàn)將通過以下例子加以本發(fā)明現(xiàn)將通過以下例子加以闡明闡明： The present invention will now be illustrated by the following examples:-EXAMPLE 1. 150g Ba(OH)28H2O were slowly heated, whilst being stir

49、red, with 500 cc. benzene under reflux with a receiver fitted with an overflow.例例1：在不停地攪拌下，：在不停地攪拌下，150g八水氫氧化鋇和八水氫氧化鋇和500mL苯苯在在帶有一配有溢流口的接受器的裝置里帶有一配有溢流口的接受器的裝置里一起緩慢加熱一起緩慢加熱回流回流。g：gramme/gram 克克cc. - cubic centimeter - cm3 (mL)在苯和水混合物的共沸溫度在苯和水混合物的共沸溫度即即69.3時，第一個時，第一個蒸餾蒸餾物（餾分）物（餾分）出現(xiàn)。出現(xiàn)。At the boiling

50、temperature viz. 69.3 of the azeotropic mixture of benzene and water, the first distillate appeared. distillate 餾分餾分 n.； distill 蒸餾蒸餾 v.； distillation 蒸餾蒸餾 n. At the end of 90 minutes a quantity of water representing 7 molecules of water of crystallisation had collected in the receiver. In the cours

51、e of further heating the temperature rose to 80.2. 90分鐘后接收器中收集到相當(dāng)于分鐘后接收器中收集到相當(dāng)于7分子結(jié)晶水量的水。分子結(jié)晶水量的水。 在繼續(xù)加熱的過程中溫度升高到在繼續(xù)加熱的過程中溫度升高到80.2。Not until fresh Ba(OH)28H2O had been added did the temperature drop and the process of dehydration continue.直到直到加入新的八水合氫氧化鋇，使得溫度下降，并且脫水過加入新的八水合氫氧化鋇，使得溫度下降，并且脫水過程繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。程繼

52、續(xù)進(jìn)行。最后取出所形成的一水合氫氧化鋇的苯最后取出所形成的一水合氫氧化鋇的苯懸浮液懸浮液并并過濾過濾，粘附，粘附的苯通過簡單的的苯通過簡單的抽真空抽真空方法從底物中除去。方法從底物中除去。Finally the benzene suspension of the barium hydroxide which had been dehydrated to the monohydrate was drained and filtered, adhering benzene being removed from the substance by brief evacuation. The benze

53、ne filtrate was immediately re-used for further dehydration. （過濾得到的）苯（過濾得到的）苯濾液濾液 馬上重新用于進(jìn)一步的脫水。馬上重新用于進(jìn)一步的脫水。EXAMPLE 2. 100 g. of barium hydroxide monohydrate obtained in accordance with Example 1 was treated with 300 cc. of toluene in the same manner as that described above. Dehydration could now be

54、 continued to completion and the anhydrous barium hydroxide obtained. The boiling temperature of the azeotropic toluene and water mixture was 84.1 . 例例2：依照依照例例1（方法）得到的（方法）得到的100g一水合氫氧化鋇按上一水合氫氧化鋇按上述方式用述方式用300 mL甲苯處理。甲苯處理。 甲苯和水混合物的共沸溫度是甲苯和水混合物的共沸溫度是84.1。 脫水過程進(jìn)行完全，獲得無水氫氧化鋇。脫水過程進(jìn)行完全，獲得無水氫氧化鋇。EXAMPLE 3.50 g. Ba(OH)2.8H2O were digested in 1000 cc. of anhydrous dioxane at 80 , the mixture being v