口譯邏輯與口譯筆記

1、原文地址：邏輯分析與口譯筆記 作者：cableI Theory and skills邏輯分析的目的：透徹地理解原語講話的內(nèi)容，對信息的點(具體的信息內(nèi)容)、線(各點 之間的聯(lián)系)和面(即整體概念)進行全面的把握，以便于記憶和表達。信息經(jīng)過分析加工，便能在記憶中留下更深的印象。版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途點(具體的信息內(nèi)容)線(各點之間的聯(lián)系)面(即整體概念)邏輯分析練習(xí)：縱向分析和橫向分析練習(xí)。1縱向分析的訓(xùn)練方法：(1) 邏輯分層訓(xùn)練：在聽完一篇講話后首先用一句話概括出講話的中心內(nèi)容，這是邏輯的最上層；圍繞這一中心問題講話人談了哪幾個方面的內(nèi)容，這是第二層關(guān)系；每個方面又具體談了些什么，這是邏

2、輯的下一個層次。例如：第一課的練習(xí)1.1介紹了三種錯誤的飯后習(xí)慣，這三種習(xí)慣分別是：飯后立即吃水果、喝茶 和散步；針對每一種錯誤習(xí)慣，分析了其原因，提出了正確的做法；在原因里又提到幾種原因，分別是 。就這樣將信息一層一層地剖析下去，形成一個清晰的邏輯線路圖，然后按照邏輯線路對原語講話進行復(fù)述，復(fù)述時不必拘泥于原語的順序和結(jié)構(gòu)。版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途2、橫向分析的練習(xí)：找出信息之間的邏輯關(guān)系。一般的信息結(jié)構(gòu)都遵從一定的邏輯關(guān)系模 式，如：概括(generalization) : to sum up, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short,

3、 on the whole ； 版 權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途丿順序(seque ncing):first, sec ond, furthermore, before, precedi ng, duri ng, whe n, fin ally, mean while;版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途分類 (classificati on )： fall into various forms, in differe nt forms; categorized into four kin ds;版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途因果(cause-effect) : so, since, because, as a

4、 result, consequently, lead to版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用 途對比對照(compare & con trast) : on the other hand, on the con trary, otherwise, in stead, still, yet, whereas, differently版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途按照時間、空間、步驟、重要性的順序排列( seque ncin g)歹卩舉(sample listing ) : for example, such as, listed as follows;版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途提出問題-解決問題(p

5、roblem-solution )邏輯分析要求在聽取信息時不是被動地接收，而是在全神貫注地收聽的同時，結(jié)合自己對口譯情境和講話人背景的了解，進行合理的分析和預(yù)測，這樣才能更好地跟上講話人的思路， 緩解 聽”的壓力，使口譯理解更輕松更準(zhǔn)確。版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途II Skills practiceTeach ing suggesti ons: Tell the stude nts to form a mind picture or logic tree while liste ning, trying to associate main points with the corresp ond

6、ing sub-po in ts, and the n do the retell ing to check the effectiveness of their logic analysis.版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途Instruction: retell the passage, paying attention to the logic 版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途2.1 Why are girls not as good at math and science?Girls don't do as well at maths and science as boys.( gls 介

7、bys mth +sns)版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè) 用途There are several reas ons for this. (svl rns)(1) The first and most important reason is ( 1 , MIR)版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途that they aren't encouraged to play with toys (gls notw pl版權(quán)文檔by請勿用做商業(yè)用途that build up interest in math and scienee problems( bdup 興,mth + sns )版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途a

8、nd that build skills for problem solvi ng or un dersta nding how things work. (bd skills pblm slv n or undstdn how things wk)版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途Girls are encouragedto play with toys (glsw to ply with toys)that help foster Ianguage and human relations skills. (foster L + HRS)版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途As a result,they c

9、an grow up not knowing how an engine works or how to build a model fromdirect ions. ( /, grow up nt knowing how an engine wks or h to bd a mdl from drens) 版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途(2) Second, studies have shown that teachers don't expect girls to be good at math 版權(quán)文檔，請 勿用做商業(yè)用途(2nd, tchers x gls be gd at mth

10、)Even female math and scie nee teachers pay more atte nti on to boys in class and call on boys more ofte n. Because teachers don't expect girls to excel, they don't try very hard, and soon girls are far behi nd boys in these studies.版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途(evn, F mth + sns Ts PMA to bys in klas, / Ts

11、x expt gls to excel,sn gls r far bhd bys in mth + sns)版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途(3) Finally, girls don't have many role models to look up to ( 崇拜的角色榜樣 )版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做 商業(yè)用途(F, gls dnt hv many Rs to Lk up to)Not very many math and scie nee teachers are wome n, especially in the later grades. When the media picture

12、mathematicia ns and scie ntists, they usually picture men. As a result, girls aren't in spired to choose these fields as careers版 權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途(not many mts +sns Ts r wome n, esp, in Later grades. Wn media pcture S X J + K X J, they usu. pcture men.二，gls r not in spired to choose these flds as ca

13、reers )版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途(4) In summary, several factors work together at home, in schools, and in society at large to send a subtle message (微妙的信號)to girls. Girls almost always get the message版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途As a result, few girls excel at maths and science.(in sum, svl fktors wk tgze in the H, Sguls, in S

14、cty to msg to gls, gls gt the msg, /, few gls exsl at mth +sns)版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途Topic SGirls don't do as well at maths and science as boys.M. ReasonsNot to play with toys that help build up interest in Maths and ScienceTs not expect gls to be good at M and S.Gls dnt have many role models to L K P to

15、.ConclusionAs a result, few girls excel at maths and science.DetailsGls a to P with Toys that help foster H R skillsEvn F M & S Ts PMA to bys, dnt expt gls to excel, gls lag far bhd bys in M + SNot many women M + S, media focus on Man M + S , gls not inspired to choose these as their careers筆記：(

16、gls 介 bys mth +sns)(svl rns)版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途st(1 , MIR)(gls not 3 ply with toys)(bdup 興,mth + sns )(bd skills pblm slv n or un dstd n how thi ngs wk)(gls 3 to ply with toys)(foster L + HR 技)(, grow up nt knowing how an engine wks or h to bd a mdl from drc ns) 版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途(2nd, tchers x expt,gls be gd at mth)(evn, F mth + sns Ts PMA to bys in klas,/ Ts x expt gls to excel,soon gls r far bhd bys in mths +sns)版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做商業(yè)用途版權(quán)文檔，請勿用做 商業(yè)用途(F, gls dnt hv many R models to Lk up to)(not many mts +sns Ts r wome n, esp, in Later grades. Wn