英語四級閱讀技巧1

1、二、常用閱讀方法1、略讀（skimming）略讀的目的是快速通讀和瀏覽全文，以便獲得文章的大意，并對文章的內(nèi)容有個總體概念和印象。因此，瀏覽時不要把注意力放在文章的細節(jié)上，同時文章中某些不重要的內(nèi)容可以省略不讀。通常根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和難度可靈活選用如下三種方法：1）以一般快讀的速度閱讀文章每段的第一句。文章的大意通常是由各段落中主題句表述出來，多數(shù)主題句是段落的第一句。該法適用于主題句位于段首的文章，利于根據(jù)題目要求迅速判斷、確定文章的中心、主題。例：選出下題的正確答案：The best title for this selection is _.A) An Ear for Music B) Mu

2、sic AppreciationC) How Muscles Participate in Mental ActsD) A Psychological Definition of the Thinking Process顯然，此題為主題型，可在確立了文章的主題之后做出正確的選擇。因此可以先讀文章每段的第一句，再將它們綜合得出全文的主題。（1）Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that ones muscles also p

3、articipate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.（2）You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less

4、 familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is tempted to direct the orchestra (music band ) even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job. （3）Strange as this behavior may be, ther

5、e is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener “feels” himself into the music with more or less pronounce motions of his body.（4）The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental proce

6、ss of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced.分析：（1）是全文的主題句，要闡述的主題是“心理活動不僅只是由大腦進行的，人的肌肉也參與了這一過程?！保ㄋ?腦+心） （2）-（4）是論據(jù)，其中（2）用事例法支持（1）的觀點。（3）對（2）進行解釋，從而得出（4）中的結(jié)論。同時（4）緊扣（1），表述了同樣的觀點。由此可得正確答案是C。用此方法，不僅可準確地找到主題，而且可以有效地提高速度，節(jié)約時間。2）以一般速度閱讀文章第一段或最后一段, 以一

7、般快讀速度閱讀文章每段的第一句。有時作者會在第一段便寫出文章將要論述的主題思想或內(nèi)容梗概，也會在最后一段歸納前幾段的內(nèi)容。此法適用于難度稍大的文章或主題出現(xiàn)在全文兩端的文章。例如：The modern sailing ship was developed by a man who never went to sea. He was Prince Henry of Portugal, the younger son of the Portuguese king and an English princess.Prince Henry lived in the fifteenth century.

8、 As a boy he became devoted to the sea, and he dedicated (devoted ) himself to improving the design of ships and the methods of sailing them. In 1416, when he was twenty-two, Henry founded a school for mariners, to which he invited everyone who could help himJewish astronomers, Italian and Spanish s

9、ailors, and Arab mathematicians and map makers who knew how to use the crude compass of the day and could improve it. Henrys goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyages without having to hug ( keep close to ) the shore. The caravel carried more sail and wa

10、s longer and slimmer than any ship then made, yet was tough enough to withstand gales at sea. He also developed the carrack , which was a slower ship, but one that was capable of carrying more cargo.To Price Henry the world owes credit for development of craft that made oceanic exploration possible.

11、 He lives in history as Henry the Navigator.Question:The best title for this selection is _.A) The First Modern Sailing Vessels B) The Mariner PrinceC) Prince Henrys Role in History D) The First School for Sailors分析：文章首尾呼應。作者在第一段寫出文章將要論述的內(nèi)容“Price Henry 發(fā)展了現(xiàn)代航船。”。在最后一段對前幾段內(nèi)容進行了歸納“Price Henry改良了船只，從而使

12、遠洋探險成為可能”。中間兩段分別講述了他的生平和對船只的改良。因此正確答案是C。3）遇到主題句不在段首的情況，就要快速往下看，直接尋找主題句，忽略其他內(nèi)容，主題句有可能在一段的中間或末尾。此法適用于主題句不在段首的文章。如果用該法也找不到主題句，即段落中沒有出現(xiàn)主題句，就需要根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容自行歸納主題了。例如：When an art museum wants a new exhibit, it buys things in finished form and hangs them on its walls. When a natural history museum wants an exhib

13、it, it often must build it realistically - from a mass of material and evidence brought together by careful research. An animal, for example, must first be skinned. Photographs and measurements are used to determine the animals structure in a natural position- fighting, resting, or feeding. Then mus

14、cle forms are built and a plaster shell is made. Finally the skin is pulled over the shell like a wet glove. This completes the animal subject. Displaying such things as stone heads, giant trees, and meteorites is basically mechanical. Most other natural history exhibits present more difficult probl

15、ems. For instance, how can a creature be exhibited when it is too small to be seen clearly? In these cases, larger-than life models are built. The American Museum of Natural History has models of fleas, houseflies, and a myriad other insects enlarged up to seventy-four times. The models show the sta

16、ges of the insects development and the workings of their bodies.Question:The best title for this selection is _.A) Constructing an Animal Subject B) Natural HistoryC) Problems of Exhibiting Natural History D) Building a Museum Exhibit分析：文章的第一、二段沒有主題句，但根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容可知：第一段是一個對比，目的是說明自然歷史博物館展品得來不易買不到，全靠造。第二段講

17、述了動物展品的制作，其步驟之多、之復雜可見一斑。第三段只要往下讀就會發(fā)現(xiàn)它的第二句話是一個主題句。而其中的“more difficult problems”不僅是這一段的關鍵詞，也提示了上一段的中心。因此，最能概括全文內(nèi)容的選項是C。2、查讀(scanning)查讀的目的是尋找某個特定的目標信息。因此，在查讀時，要記住自己所要找的信息，并考慮它在有關材料中可能出現(xiàn)的形式，略去與要查找的信息無關的內(nèi)容。例如：運用查讀法閱讀下面這段文字，并找出以下兩個問題的答案：Questions: 1.When did the American Civil War break out?2.What were t

18、he main causes of the American Civil War? American Civil war (1856-1861). A war between the U.S. and 11 Southern states which seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America. The war was the result of long-standing social and economic differences between North and South that grad

19、ually became apparent after the War of 1812. Sectional conflict over such issues as the tariff and the extension of slavery was temporarily abated by the activities of men such as Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, but in the 1850s the position of each side became progressively more rigid; whether the w

20、ar could have been averted is still a subject for discussion among historians.運用查讀法，我們立刻就能找到答案分別位于文中的第1和第3句話中，即第一題答案為1861年，第二題為“Long-standing social and economic differences between North and South.”至于其它文字，因它們與題目無關，根本不用去讀。在英語專業(yè)四、八級考試的快速閱讀部分，查讀法充分發(fā)揮了它的優(yōu)勢。例如：根據(jù)所附的飛機時刻表，選擇下面2題的正確答案：Question 1: If you w

21、ant to travel to Shanghai on Air France on a Saturday, which flight would you take?A) AFl29. B) AFl28. C) AFlll. D) AFll2.Question 2:Does Lufthansa operate a flight between Beijing and Frankfurt every day?A) No. C) Yes, except on Saturdays.B) Yes. D) No, only three days a week.Flight ScheduleAir Fra

22、nce Tel: (010) 6588 1388(020) 6360 6688Day From To Flight Departure Arrival1 7 Beijing Paris AF129 09:40 14:15班級：1 7 Paris Beijing AF128 15:55 07:402,4,7 Shanghai Paris AF111 10:55 17:051,3,6 Paris Shanghai AF112 15:55 09:05LufthansaDay From To Flight Departure Arrival1 7 Beijing Frankfurt LH721 10:30 14:251 - 7 Frankfurt Beijing LH720 17:25 08:301,2,3,4,5,7 Shanghai Frankfurt LH729 11:15 16:301,2,3,4,5,7 Frankfurt Shanghai LH728 17:10 09:25分析：此表分兩部分，分別是法航和漢沙航空公司的航班時刻表。問題1