從近年高考題談代詞的用法

1、從近年高考題談代詞的用法試完成下列高考單項(xiàng)選擇題：1.We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us. A.all, no B.any, no C.none, any D.no one, any2.Few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day. A.some B.any C.that D.those3.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? A.where B.w

2、hat C.how D.which4.The Parkers bought a new house, but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A.they B.it C.one D.which5.I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing(答案1-5 C C D B A )1)人稱代詞： 人稱代詞分主格和賓格兩種，前者在句子中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)，后者擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓

3、語(yǔ)。They study German. / Please pass me the ruler.人稱代詞的用法：a.當(dāng)代詞成對(duì)地使用或一個(gè)代詞與一個(gè)名詞搭配使用時(shí)，兩個(gè)部分的句法功能必須一致。Li Hong and I went shopping yesterday. It was our teacher who smoothed away the difference between you and me.注:人稱代詞的排列一般為：第二人稱，第三人稱，第一人稱。you, he and I them and us如有其他代詞時(shí)，其他代詞排列于人稱代詞之后，如：he, I and some ot

4、hersb.人稱代詞用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，如說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)，一般要用主格，如說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)則要用賓格。If I were she, I would take your advice. I would share the room with you if you were him.“It”的用法。a.用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過(guò)的事物。Where is the cat? Its in the kitchen. Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?My book is missing. I cant find it anywhere.b.用以代替指示代詞this, that。Wha

5、ts this? Its a frog. /Whose pen is that? Its mine.c.表示時(shí)間，天氣，距離等。A lovely day, isnt it? /Its two oclock. Its about two li from here to our school.d.用作形式主語(yǔ)，形式賓語(yǔ)，代替不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞或從句。Its no use talking with him about that. It took me twenty minutes to get there.We think it important that college students sho

6、uld master at least one foreign language.e.用在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分（通常是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)），常用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)“It is (was) + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 + that(或who)”。It was Liu Ming that I saw in the street this morning.It was in the classroom that he told me about it.2)不定代詞：all / botha.both用于兩個(gè)人或事物，all用于兩個(gè)以上的人或事物，均可作主語(yǔ)。All (of us) like fruits. /B

7、oth (of them) are good at English.b.用作同位語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)時(shí)須注意它們的位置不同，位于行為動(dòng)詞之前；位于be動(dòng)詞之后。They all (或both) agreed with me. /They are all (或both) very healthy.I know them all (或both).one / it（人稱代詞）one 代替可數(shù)名詞，表示上面所提到的那一類人或物中的一個(gè)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式帶定語(yǔ)時(shí)用ones，不帶定語(yǔ)時(shí)用some。而it則用于指代上文提到的那個(gè)表示物的名詞本身，既可指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞也可指不可數(shù)名詞。I dont have a watc

8、h but Im going to buy one（或some）.I have a bicycle. My aunt gave it to me.no one / noneno one 只用于指人，而none 既可指人也可指物。如果說(shuō)“若干人（物）之中一個(gè)也不”，用“none of”,后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)可以用復(fù)數(shù)，也可用單數(shù)；后接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai.None of them have（或has）arrived yet.（不用no one）None of the money is mine.som

9、e / any /no /every +（thing, one, body等。）some 類用于肯定句，any類用于否定和疑問(wèn)句。I know nothing of what had happened to him.I have little rice, so I cant lend you any.She is going to buy some new dresses.注:everyone和every one 前者意思是“每個(gè)人”，與everybody同義，后面不可跟of短語(yǔ)，后者意思是每個(gè)人或物，后面跟of短語(yǔ)。試比較：everyone in the classroom（教室里的所有的人

10、）every one of the children（這些孩子中的每一個(gè)）every one of the books（這些書中的每一本）部分否定與全部否定：當(dāng)all, both, each和every(body, thing)等表示整體意義的代詞與否定詞連用時(shí)，一般只表示部分否定，如果表示全部否定，應(yīng)該用none, no one, neither, nobody, nothing等.All of the students were not late for the class. 不是所有學(xué)生上課都遲到的。(現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中常寫成：Not all the students were late for

11、 the class.）None of the students were late for the class.沒(méi)有一個(gè)學(xué)生上課遲到的。3)疑問(wèn)代詞：用于構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句，其中what, which, whose兼有形容詞特征，可以和名詞連用。What job do you want to find? /Whose girl is she? Which subject is your best one?所有疑問(wèn)代詞都可以起名詞作用，在句子中擔(dān)任成分。Who told you? /Whom are you waiting for? Whose are those books?在學(xué)習(xí)疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)，對(duì)

12、以下幾組詞注意區(qū)別： which和what兩者均可與名詞連用，就人或物提問(wèn)。但是which一般用于有一定選擇范圍的情況，what用于無(wú)選擇范圍或究竟是什么還不清楚的情況。Which colour do you likegreen, red, yellow or brown?What colour is her dress?What writers do you like best? which和who 兩者都可作代詞，它們的區(qū)別是不管選擇的范圍是大還是小，which一般用作指物。Which would you like to eat steak or fish?Who won the game

13、 Smith or Johnson ?當(dāng)有一定選擇范圍時(shí)，which one代替who作賓語(yǔ).Which one do you like better, your mother or your father?Which of可和人稱代詞或指人的名詞連用,如：Which of you has taken away my English book?4)連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever等，除起連接作用外，還可以在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等成分。如：The question is who can operate the new machine.（引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)