重大車輛復(fù)試專業(yè)筆試+面試的終極吐血資料

1、07綜合筆試(專業(yè)外語、汽車構(gòu)造、內(nèi)燃機(jī)原理)一將下列英文翻譯成中文(25分)：1. The automobile engines can be classified according to(1)number of cylinders; (2)arrangement of cylinders; (3)arrangement of valves; (4)type of cooling; (5)number of cycles(two or four); (6)type of fuel burned; (7)type of ignition.The engine is the source of

2、 power that makes the wheels go around and the car move.The automobile engine is an internal-combustion engine because the fuel(gasoline,diesel oil,natural gas or oil gas)is burned inside it.classify分類 cylinder氣缸 arrangement布置 valve閥門 cycle周期 fuel燃油 ignition點(diǎn)火裝置 engine引擎 internal-combustion engine內(nèi)燃

3、機(jī)gasoline汽油 diesel oil柴油 natural gas天然氣2.The burning of fuel inside the engine produces high pressure in the engine combustion chamber.This high pressure forces piston to move,the movement is carried by connecting rods to the engine crankshaft.The crankshaft is thus made to rotate,the rotary motion

4、is carried through the power train to the car wheels so that they rotate and the car moves.chamber室 force強(qiáng)迫 piston活塞 rod桿 crankshaft曲軸 thus因此 rotate旋轉(zhuǎn) rotary旋轉(zhuǎn) power train傳動(dòng)系 3.An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows,doors,a hood and a trunk deck built into it.It provides a protective

5、 covering for the engine,passengers and cargo.The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable.The body styling provides an attractive,colorful,modern appearance for the vehicle.body身 sheet片狀的 metal金屬 shell外殼 hood發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)罩 trunk deck 行李艙蓋 protective covering保護(hù)層 cargo貨物 styling造型4.The chassis

6、is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating parts of a vehicle.The chassis includes the power train,steering,suspension,and braking systems.(1)Power train system conveys the drive to wheels.(2)Steering system controls the direction of movement.(3)Suspension and wheels absorb the roa

7、d shocks.(4)Brake slows down the vehicle.The electrical system supplies electricity for the starter,ignition,lights,and heater.The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit.chassis底盤 assembly組裝 operate操作 suspension懸架 brake制動(dòng) convey傳輸 drive動(dòng)力 steering system轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng) shock沖擊 starter起動(dòng)機(jī) heater加

8、熱器 electricity level電平 charging充電 circuit電路5.Energy is required when a vehicle is accelerated from rest to a certain speed.A proportion of that energy is now stored in the vehicle and called kinetic energy.In order to reduce the speed of the vehicle,the brakes have to convert the kinetic energy to h

9、eat energy;the speed of conversion governs the rate at which the vehicle slows down.A braking system consists of an energy-supplying device,a control device,a transmission device and the brake.The three types of braking systems are in use today:service braking system,parking braking system and addit

10、ional retarding-braking system.accelerate加速 rest靜止 proportion部分 kinetic energy動(dòng)能 convert轉(zhuǎn)換 govern控制 device裝置 transmission傳動(dòng) parking停車 retard減速二乘用車的布置形式主要有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)(FF)、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)(FR)、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后置后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)(RR)三種，試述這三種布置形式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)(15分)。FF:現(xiàn)代小、中型轎車普遍采用的布置方案。優(yōu)點(diǎn)：降低了車廂地臺(tái)，操控性有明顯的轉(zhuǎn)向不足特性，另外其抗側(cè)滑的能力也比FR強(qiáng)。缺點(diǎn)：上坡時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)輪附著力會(huì)減??；前輪由于驅(qū)動(dòng)

11、兼轉(zhuǎn)向，導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、工作條件惡劣。FR: 最早期的汽車絕大部分采用FR布局，現(xiàn)在則主要應(yīng)用在中、高級(jí)轎車中。優(yōu)點(diǎn)：軸荷分配均勻，即整車的前后重量比較平衡，操控穩(wěn)定性較好。缺點(diǎn)：傳動(dòng)部件多、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量大，貫穿乘坐艙的傳動(dòng)軸占據(jù)了艙內(nèi)的地臺(tái)空間。RR: 早期廣泛應(yīng)用在微型車上，現(xiàn)在多應(yīng)用在大客車上，轎車上已很少用，但保時(shí)捷911的“甩尾”則是因RR出名的。優(yōu)點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，沒有沉重的傳動(dòng)軸，也沒有復(fù)雜的前輪轉(zhuǎn)向兼驅(qū)動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。缺點(diǎn)：后軸荷較大，在操控性方面會(huì)產(chǎn)生與ff相反的轉(zhuǎn)向過度傾向。三簡(jiǎn)要回答下列問題(共60分，每小題7.5分)：1.汽車由哪幾大總成組成？各個(gè)總成的主要功用是什么？2.汽車車輪制

12、動(dòng)器有哪些類型？各有何優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)？3.汽車底盤有哪幾個(gè)主要組成系統(tǒng)？各系統(tǒng)的主要作用是什么？4.汽車機(jī)械式傳動(dòng)系有哪些主要部件？各部件的主要功用是什么？5.汽車懸架包括哪些部分？各部分的主要功能是什么？6.同一發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)裝在不同汽車上，汽車的動(dòng)力性和燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性有時(shí)相差較大，分析其原因。7.繪制汽車總布置草圖時(shí)通常選取哪些線作為基準(zhǔn)線？8.重慶實(shí)施了公交車和出租車天然氣化，使用天然氣作汽車動(dòng)力燃料與使用汽油、柴油相比除了成本降低外有何利弊？07綜合面試一.測(cè)試技術(shù)1.什么是靈敏度2.什么是線性度3.回程誤差4.穩(wěn)定性5.零點(diǎn)漂移與溫度漂移6.線性回歸7.傅里葉變換8.拉普拉斯變換9.測(cè)量裝置的動(dòng)態(tài)特性1

13、0.測(cè)量的失真11.什么是傳感器12.濾波器1.時(shí)域卷積定理與頻域卷積定理二.材料力學(xué)1.強(qiáng)度與剛度2.應(yīng)力與應(yīng)變3.泊松比4.強(qiáng)度極限與屈服極限5.應(yīng)力集中6.臨界壓力7.胡克定律三.汽車?yán)碚?.滑水現(xiàn)象及其措施2.動(dòng)力性的概念（三條）、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、制動(dòng)性、操穩(wěn)性、平順性3.制動(dòng)跑偏的兩種原因4.前后橫向穩(wěn)定桿剛度的改變對(duì)汽車轉(zhuǎn)向特性的影響5.汽車動(dòng)力參數(shù)如何選取6.新能源汽車的典型代表7.油耗道路試驗(yàn)與排放道路試驗(yàn)的國(guó)標(biāo)是否一樣四.液壓、內(nèi)燃機(jī)、汽車構(gòu)造等（包過筆試）1.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力是如何一步步傳到驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪的？2.汽車傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的幾種布置方案？3.離合器的作用？4.何為直接檔，超速檔？5.自鎖裝

14、置與互鎖裝置，倒檔鎖？6.液力變矩器的特性？7.萬向節(jié)的等角速傳動(dòng)？8.底盤的組成、懸架的組成；9.N表示哪個(gè)汽車類型？10.兩個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)軸一個(gè)從動(dòng)軸的汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)型號(hào)為？11.綜合液力變矩器，哪個(gè)輪轉(zhuǎn)速高可以變成液力耦合器？12.三軸變速器動(dòng)力輸出和輸入軸分別為第幾軸？13.盤式和鼓式制動(dòng)器哪個(gè)制動(dòng)性能最好？穩(wěn)定性最好？14.主銷與哪根軸相連的？15.懸架的組成部分？16.柴油機(jī)燃料供給系的組成及供油過程？17.柴油機(jī)混合氣的形成方式？18.充量系數(shù)及其影響因素？19.壓縮比對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能的影響？20.汽、柴油機(jī)速度特性的區(qū)別？21.冷卻系的組成？調(diào)節(jié)冷卻強(qiáng)度的方法？22.動(dòng)力性能標(biāo)志，經(jīng)濟(jì)性能標(biāo)志？

15、23.何為指示功，平均指示壓力，指示功率，充量系數(shù)，過量空氣系數(shù)？24.機(jī)械損失的組成部分？25.爆震，燃燒效率？26.氣門疊開角？27.內(nèi)燃機(jī)的增壓方式？理解氣波增壓？28.壓縮比，爆燃，表面點(diǎn)火，如何防止爆燃？29.點(diǎn)燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的燃燒過程？30.敲缸？31.燃燒室面容比？著火具備的條件？32.燃燒劃分的階段？33.內(nèi)燃機(jī)的速度特性？34.信噪比？信息的反饋？35.開環(huán)系統(tǒng)，閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)？36.何為傳遞函數(shù)？原函數(shù)通過什么變換成為象函數(shù)？37.基爾霍夫電壓，電流定律？38.瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)的性能指標(biāo)？39.連續(xù)性方程與伯努利方程40.汽油的抗爆性用辛烷值來評(píng)價(jià)，為什么？08綜合筆試(專業(yè)外語、汽車構(gòu)造、

16、內(nèi)燃機(jī)原理)一將下列英文翻譯成中文（共20分，每小題4分）：1. The automobile engines can be classified according to(1)number of cylinders; (2)arrangement of cylinders; (3)arrangement of valves; (4)type of cooling; (5)number of cycles(two or four); (6)type of fuel burned; (7)type of ignition.The engine is the source of power tha

17、t makes the wheels go around and the car move.The automobile engine is an internal-combustion engine because the fuel(gasoline,diesel oil,natural gas or oil gas)is burned inside it.classify分類 cylinder氣缸 arrangement布置 valve閥門 cycle周期 fuel燃油 ignition點(diǎn)火裝置 engine引擎 internal-combustion engine內(nèi)燃機(jī) gasoline

18、汽油 diesel oil柴油 natural gas天然氣2. In a four-stroke cycle engine,intake stroke is the pistons first stroke down in pulling fuel and air into the combustion chamber as it causes a partial vacuum.The phase of the 4-stroke cycle during which the intake valve is open and the piston descends from TDC to BD

19、C,drawing air(in a diesel engine) or an air/fuel mixture (in a spark ignition engine) into the cylinder.stroke沖程 intake進(jìn)氣 piston活塞 pull拉 combustion燃燒 chamber室partial局部的 vacuum真空 phase階段 descend下降 draw吸 mixture混合spark火花3. Distributor is a unit in the ignition system designed to make and break the ign

20、ition primary circuit and to distribute the resultant high voltage to the proper cylinder at the correct time.The high voltage comes from the coil to the center terminal of the distributor cap and passes down the rotor.distributor分電器 primary初級(jí)的 circuit電路 distribute分配 resultant由此產(chǎn)生的 voltage電壓 coil線圈

21、terminal終端 cap蓋 rotor轉(zhuǎn)子4. Piston ring is a metal,split ring installed in the groove on the outside wall of the piston.The ring contacts the sides of the ring groove and also rubs against the cylinder wall thus sealing the space between the piston and the wall.ring環(huán) metal金屬 split開口的 install安裝 groove凹

22、槽 contact接觸 rub摩擦 seal密封 5. Fuel injection system uses no carburetor but sprays fuel either directly into the cylinders or into the intake manifold just ahead of the cylinders.It uses an electronic sensing device to deliver the correct amount into the combustion chamber.Throttle-body injection locat

23、es the injector centrally in the throttle-body housing,while port injection allocates at least one injector for each cylinder near its intake port.Injection噴射 carburetor汽化器 spray噴射 manifold歧管 sensing傳感device裝置 deliver傳遞 throttle-body節(jié)氣門 port端口 二從下列題目中選擇16道并回答（共80分，每小題5分）：1. 汽車由哪些部分組成？2. 汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)由哪些部分組成

24、？3. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)由哪些主要零件組成？4. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作時(shí)哪些因素使活塞裙部沿活塞銷軸線方向有較大的變形量？5. 從機(jī)油泵至曲軸連桿軸頸的潤(rùn)滑油孔，潤(rùn)滑油經(jīng)過了哪些通道？6. 柴油機(jī)的燃油噴射(不考慮共軌噴射)與汽油機(jī)的燃油噴射有何不同？7. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)點(diǎn)火系中的高電壓(擊穿電壓)應(yīng)達(dá)到多大？高電壓產(chǎn)生在哪個(gè)元件裝置？8. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)機(jī)中的單向離合器有什么作用？它位于哪兩個(gè)零件之間？9. 汽車底盤有哪幾個(gè)主要組成系統(tǒng)？10. 汽車機(jī)械式傳動(dòng)系有哪些主要部件？11. 比較三軸式變速器和二軸式變速器的傳動(dòng)效率。12. 汽車轉(zhuǎn)向梯形有什么作用？它由哪些主要零件組成？13. 汽車懸架包括哪些部分？

25、14. 汽車的慣性比例閥有什么作用？15. 什么是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的充量系數(shù)(充氣效率)？哪些因素影響充量系數(shù)？16. 什么是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的速度特性？什么是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的負(fù)荷特性？17. 目前技術(shù)法規(guī)限制了汽車排氣中的哪些排放物？18. 什么是廢氣再循環(huán)(EGR)技術(shù)？它有什么作用？19. 什么是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)荷的量調(diào)節(jié)、質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)？汽油機(jī)采用什么調(diào)節(jié)方式？20. 增大發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的壓縮比對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的性能和工作狀況有什么影響？21. 柴油機(jī)的燃燒過程分為哪幾個(gè)階段？08綜合面試1. 什么是屈服極限和剛度極限？2. 齒輪加工方法有哪些？3. 什么是液壓馬達(dá)和液壓泵？4. 什么是傳感器？5. 傳感器的種類有哪些？6. 什么是傳感器的靈敏

26、度？7. 什么是臥式/立式銑床？8. 什么叫退火？退火有什么作用？9. 什么是電橋平衡？電橋平衡的條件是什么？10. 機(jī)械制圖中，雙點(diǎn)畫線表示什么？11. 什么是傳遞函數(shù)？傳遞函數(shù)表示什么？12. 怎么衰減振動(dòng)？方法有哪些？13. 什么是強(qiáng)度/硬度？14. 什么是應(yīng)力/應(yīng)變？15. 基爾霍夫定律。16. 鑄造的特點(diǎn)。17. 液壓系統(tǒng)的好壞。18. (馬赫系數(shù))層流、湍流。09綜合筆試(專業(yè)外語、汽車構(gòu)造、內(nèi)燃機(jī)原理)一將下列英文翻譯成中文（共20分，每小題5分）：1.Air suspension is a suspension using air rather than metal sprin

27、gs to support the vehicle and control ride motions.Air springing results in a smoother ride,because the natural frequency of vibration of an air spring does not vary with loading as it does with metal springs.Air springs can be made very soft for the lightly loaded condition and the pressure automat

28、ically increased to match any increase in load,thus maintaining a constant vibration period any load.spring彈簧 load載荷2.Exhaust-gas recirculation(EGR) is an emission control system where some of the exhaust gases are rerouted from the exhaust manifold into the combustion chamber to make sure that all

29、fuel is burned before entering the atmosphere.The process lowers the combustion temperature and reduces the formation of oxides of nitrogen(NOx) in the exhaust.emission噴射 reroute變更路線3.Double overhead cam(DOHC) is an engine with two camshafts located above the cylinders.One drives the intake valves a

30、nd the other operates the exhaust valve.In a single overhead cam engine(SOHE),one cam has enough lobes to drive both the intake and exhaust valves.The DOHC engine is considered to be more efficient engine;but is sometimes more difficult to adjust the valves.cam凸輪 lobe凸角 4.W-engine:a rare engine desi

31、gn,basically similar to a V-engine,but using three instead of two cylinder rows.The W-engine is less perfectly balanced than a V-engine,but this is compensated by balancer shafts;the main advantage of the W-engine is its short crankshaft which results in a very short block;the compact construction p

32、ermits a 12-cylinder W-engine to be installed transversely in a mid-engine sports car.row行 compensate補(bǔ)償 block阻止 compact緊密的 construction結(jié)構(gòu) transverse橫向的二填空（共30分）：1. 按照國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，N類機(jī)動(dòng)車是指_車。2. 某汽車有2個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋，1個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)向橋，其驅(qū)動(dòng)型式代號(hào)應(yīng)為“_”。3. 汽車底盤由_系、_系、轉(zhuǎn)向系、制動(dòng)系組成。4. 能實(shí)現(xiàn)中斷汽車動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)的部件有_、_。5. 汽車傳動(dòng)系離合器中有離合器蓋、_、壓緊彈簧、分離杠桿、_、分離套筒及分離軸承

33、等主要部件。6. 離合器從動(dòng)盤用其盤轂花鍵與_相連接。7. 三軸式變速器的同步器通常是裝在_軸上。8. 與單橋驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車相比，前后橋驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車的傳動(dòng)系中多了一個(gè)主要總成，稱為_。9. 輸入不變時(shí)，液力變矩器輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩隨輸出轉(zhuǎn)速的減小而_。10. 當(dāng)綜合式液力變矩器的_輪轉(zhuǎn)速較大時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)入耦合器工況。11. 差速器殼的轉(zhuǎn)速為N0，兩個(gè)半軸齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)速分別為N1、N2，這三者之間的關(guān)系為_。12. _、_、車輪外傾、_為汽車前輪定位參數(shù)。13. 汽車的懸架包括_、_、_、橫向穩(wěn)定器。14. 變剛度彈簧的剛度是隨汽車載荷的增加而_。15. 整體式轉(zhuǎn)向橋上，轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)通過主銷與_連接。16. 循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器采用了_

34、、_兩級(jí)傳動(dòng)。17. 筒式液壓減振器在壓縮行程中的壓縮速度越大，其阻尼力越_。懸架的阻尼力越大，其緩沖作用越_。18. 轉(zhuǎn)向橫拉桿分為兩段的轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)用于_。19. _式制動(dòng)器中兩個(gè)制動(dòng)蹄的兩端都是支承在雙活塞輪缸的活塞上的。20. 鼓式制動(dòng)器比盤式制動(dòng)器的制動(dòng)效能_、制動(dòng)效能穩(wěn)定性_。三回答下列問題（共50分）：1. 試述傳統(tǒng)的柴油機(jī)的燃油供給系統(tǒng)的組成及工作過程。（7分）2. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲軸飛輪有什么作用？（6分）3. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水冷卻系中有哪些主要部件？可以從哪些方面進(jìn)行冷卻強(qiáng)度的調(diào)節(jié)？（7分）4. 柴油機(jī)混合氣的形成有哪些基本方式？（6分）5. 什么是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的指示性能指標(biāo)和有效性能指標(biāo)？分別

35、列舉其中3個(gè)。（6分）6. 壓縮比的大小對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的工作特性有什么影響?（7分）7. 什么是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的充量系數(shù)？哪些因素影響充量系數(shù)？（6分）8. 柴油機(jī)和汽油機(jī)的速度特性有什么差異？（5分）09綜合面試1.汽車車載通訊方式。2.雙質(zhì)量飛輪概念。3.三分之一倍頻程選擇概念。4.操縱穩(wěn)定性評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。5.制動(dòng)距離有關(guān)的因素。6.汽車平順性的最蹤評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。7.ESP。8.靈敏度。9.輸出裝置的靜態(tài)特征。10.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)大氣修正。11.汽、柴油機(jī)的排放物質(zhì)。12.大學(xué)所做的實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容。13.排氣冒黑煙的原因。14.影響汽車操縱穩(wěn)定性的因素。10綜合筆試(專業(yè)外語、汽車構(gòu)造、內(nèi)燃機(jī)原理)一將下列英文翻譯成中文(共

36、20分)：1.The automobile engines can be classified according to:1) number of cylinders 2)arrangement of cylinder 3) arrangement of valves 4) type of cooling 5)number of cycles(two or four) 6)type of fuel burned 7) type of ignition . the automobile engine is an internal-combustion engine because the fue

37、l (gasoline, diesel oil, natural gas or oil gas) is burned inside it.(6分)classify分類 cylinder氣缸 arrangement布置 valve閥門 cycle周期 fuel燃油 ignition點(diǎn)火裝置 engine引擎 internal-combustion engine內(nèi)燃機(jī)gasoline汽油 diesel oil柴油 natural gas天然氣2.Fuel injection system uses no carburetor but sprays fuel either directly into

38、 the cylinders or into the intake manifold just ahead of the cylinders. It uses an electronic sensing device to deliver the correct amount into the combustion chamber. Throttle-body injection locates the injector centrally in the throttle-body housing, while port injection allocates at least one inj

39、ector for each cylinder near its intake port. (7分)Injection噴射 carburetor汽化器 spray噴射 manifold歧管 sensing傳感device裝置 deliver傳遞 throttle-body節(jié)氣門 port端口3.Vehicle with manual transmission and no synchromesh have difficulty shifting from one gear to another. With synchromesh, shifting is accomplished by depressing the clutch pedal and moving the gear shift selector from one gear to the next. Without synchromesh, shifting is not smooth unless you double clutch. Here you depress the clutch pedal shift to neutra