高考英語特殊句式完整版.doc

1、高考英語特殊句式2012,11, 28一.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：“It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+ that/who +原句其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分為“人” 時用who/that ,否則都用that。注意：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分不能是謂語動詞。It was on Monday night that all this happened.It ' s me who he blamed.It was what you did that made me satisfied.It is I who/that am in charge of the factory.【考點(diǎn)一】考查 not . until結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其

2、結(jié)構(gòu)為It is/was not until+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分。 It we had stayed together for a couple of weeks I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; whenB. was until; that C. wasn ' t until; when D. wasn ' t until; that【考點(diǎn)二】考查復(fù)合句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Was it he was seriously ill that he didn ' t come to school yesterday

3、?he came back home that we knew what had happened.A. When it was B. It was when C. Was it when D. When was【考點(diǎn)三】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)是：疑問詞+is/was+it+that+其他部分，但這類句型如出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞 +it +is/was +that+ 其他音 B 分。Where was it that you met the Frenchman?electricity plays an important part in our daily life?A. Wh

4、y was it that B. Why is it that C. Why is it D. Why it is that【難點(diǎn)一】正確判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確。 It was the school gate I met an old friend of mine after class. Was it in this palace the last emperor died?【難點(diǎn)二】強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與It is/was+時間+when/before 從句；It be+時間+since從句；It belong.before.等句型的區(qū)別。It was at midni

5、ght I got back home yesterday. It was midnight I got back home yesterday It is two years I began to learn English. It may be many years the situationimproves.二.倒裝定義：為了強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出等目的而顛倒原有語序的句式叫做倒裝句，顛倒了的成分可以恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變，句法成分不變。倒裝句分為三種：完全倒裝：指將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。1) Up went the rocket into the air. 2) Such would

6、be our home in the future.3) On top of the hill stands a tall tree. 4) Here comes the bus.部分倒裝：指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did ,并將其置于主語之前。1) Only in this way can you solve this problem. 2) No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.3) So unreasonable was his price

7、that everybody startled形式倒裝：在語法上又被稱為前置。它的特點(diǎn)是，只把強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容提置句首，主謂并不倒裝。1) What an interesting talk they had! 2) The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.3) Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.【考點(diǎn)一】部分倒裝(1)句首狀語為否定詞(組)或半否定詞(組)的句子。這類詞或短語主要有never, neither, nor,little, seldo

8、m, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time, few, not, no 等。Little does he care about what I said.(2)only+狀語放在句首，要部分倒裝。注意， only修飾主語不倒裝。Only by this means is it possible to explain it.(3)so/suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room co

9、uld hear him.(4) “neither/nor +助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”表示"某人或某事亦非如此“；“so+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”表示“某人或某事亦是如此"。注意：當(dāng)陳述部分既有肯定又有否定或者謂語動詞既有實(shí)義動詞又有助動詞時，可用下面兩個句型：It is the same with.或 So it is with.。Eg： Jack is a student and he studies hard. Itis the same with Tom.“so +主語+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞”表示“某人或某事確實(shí)如此”。I reminded yo

10、u not to forget the appointment. So you did.(5)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句含有were, had, should時，可省略if,再把were, should或had移到從句句首。Had you come earlier, you would have met him.(6)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!【考點(diǎn)二】完全倒裝(1)There be結(jié)構(gòu)。另外，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來代替be動詞的動詞有：exist, seem, happen,appear, live, rise, stand 等。There exist differen

11、t opinions on this question.(2) “ Here/There/Now/Then+come (或 be 等)+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)。本句型中there是副詞，應(yīng)重讀，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)。而 There be句型中there本身沒意義。Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. There comes the bus.此句型中的主語必須是名詞。如果主語是人稱代詞，就不用倒裝。There she comes.(3)表示方向的副詞out, in, up, down等置于句首，要用全部倒裝。但主語是代詞時用部分倒裝。In came Mr

12、White. Away went the boy. Out she went.(4)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(如:on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house等)放在句首時，要全部倒裝。On the top of the hill stands a pine tree. They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.(5)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。Long live the People' s Republic of China!(6)其他形式的完全倒裝。Presen

13、t at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster. East of the city lies a new railway. First to be completed was the seven- storey teaching building.Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay. Lying on the floor was a boy aged 15.三.省略省略句是英語的一種習(xí)慣用法。 按照語法的分析，句子應(yīng)該具備的成分， 有時出于修辭上的 需要，在句中并不出現(xiàn)，這種句子叫做省略句

14、，這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為“省略”。其特點(diǎn)是：雖然省去句子語法構(gòu)造所需要的組成部分，但仍能表達(dá)其完整的意義。省略形式多樣，從單詞、短語到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的銜接關(guān)系，不容臆斷?！究键c(diǎn)一】考查狀語從句的省略在以 when, while, if, as if, though (although), as, whether, once, whenever等連詞弓I導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若從句的主語是it或與主句的主語相同，且在謂語中含有be動詞時，常省略從句的主語和be,引導(dǎo)詞后直接跟不定式、分詞、形容詞、介詞短語等。Look out for cars when (you are) crossing

15、the street.While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.Unless (it is) necessary, you' d better not refer to the dictionary.【考點(diǎn)二】不定式符號 to的省略感官實(shí)義動詞see, hear, feel, watch等和使役動詞 have, make, let等后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時，省 略不定式to; do nothi

16、ng but, can ' t (help/choose) but等結(jié)構(gòu)常接省略 to的不定式；在口語 中，為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可以省去和句子前部重復(fù)的動詞原形而只保留不定式符號to。但to后如有be, have則保留。I watched him disappear in the distance.Sandy could do nothing but admit to his teacher that he was wrong.My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn ' t want.一Are you a sa

17、ilor?No, but I used.【考點(diǎn)三】替代詞 so/not的省略用于避免重復(fù)前面說過的內(nèi)容，替代詞 so/not代替肯定或否定的內(nèi)容?？膳c believe, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think, T m afraid, if 等連用。否定時 hope 與 guess 只用I hope not和I guess not形式，而think, believe, suppose等其他詞可有兩種否定形式，即：I think not 或 I don' t think so。Will you be able t

18、o finish your report today?I hope so.The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?1 guess not.四.反義疑問句反義疑問句即附加疑問句，是對陳述句所表示的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問的句子。反義疑問句由兩部分組成：前肯后否，前否后肯。兩部分的人稱時態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。1 .祈使句的反義疑問句用will you表示"請求”，或用won ' t you表示提醒對方注意；在否定的祈使句后，只能用 will you。Look at the blackboard, will you/won '

19、 t you?2 .Let' s引導(dǎo)的祈使句表示“建議"時，反意疑問句部分用shall we。Let ' s go home, shall we/shan ' t we/mayie/us have a try, will you/won' t you?Don' t forget, wl you?3 .感嘆句 用be的一般現(xiàn)在時的否定式What fine weather, isn ; t it?4 .主語是不定代詞 one時，主語可以用one ,也可用he(美式英語)One should be ready to help others, shou

20、ldn' t one?5 .含有否定詞：few,little,seldom,ha-rdly,not,no,no one,nobody,nothing,none,neither等反意疑問句部分用肯定He is never late for school, is he? He hardly knows anything about computer, does he?6 .含的否定詞是通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成，反意疑問句部分用否定結(jié)構(gòu)It is unfair, isn' tit?7 .主從復(fù)合句根據(jù)主句的謂語而定；若主從復(fù)合句為含 I think /believe/suppose.th

21、at. 結(jié)構(gòu)，與從句的主、 謂語保持致。They agreed that the United States shouldn ' t make a war onIraq, didn' t they?I don ' t think he will come, will he? I suppose (that) he is serious, isn' t he?8 .并列句 謂語根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定I won' t go there, but he will go instead, won ' t he?9 .there be 句型用 there

22、There was a hospital here, wasn ' t there?10 .含有 had better 用 hadn' t We had better go there at once, hadn ' t we?11 .含有情態(tài)動詞 must , must表示"必須"，反意疑問句部分為mustn ' t.? /needn ' t？must表示推測時，反意疑問句部分與must后面的動詞呼應(yīng)。 We mustn' t be late, mustwe?Y ou must go home now, needn '

23、; t you? /mustn ' t you?Tom must be at home now , isn' t he?含used to表示"過去常常"，didn' t+主語或usedn' t+主語He used to live in China, usedn' t /didn ' t he?would rather/like to+v. wouldn ' t+主語 He would rather stay at home, wouldn ' t he?五.There be句型There be結(jié)構(gòu)主要用以表達(dá)“

24、某處 （某時）有某人（某物）”，其基本句型為“ There be+某物或某 人+某地或某時"，其中there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義；be是謂語動詞；“某人或某物”是句子 的主語；“某地或某時”作句子的狀語，多為介詞短語?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：There is a flower in the bottle. There are four chairs and a small bed in the room.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：1.在正式文體中，某些表示存在、發(fā)生、出現(xiàn)、坐落等意義的不及物動詞也可 以與 there 連用，如： appear, seem, come, remain, exist, live, st

25、and, lie, arise 等。There exist many ancient temples in the country. There lies a small village in the mountain.There remains nothing more to be done. There followed the First World War.There flashed through his mind the image of a heroic fighter.there+情態(tài)動詞+be表示“預(yù)見”、“可能”、“必然”或“過去習(xí)慣存在”等。There might be

26、some desserts if you wait a bit. There ought to have been someone on duty all the time.there to be或there+being形式，稱為非限定存在句，可以作主語、賓語、介詞補(bǔ)足語，狀 語等。We expect there to be no objections. There being no buses, we had to walk home . 【考點(diǎn)一】There be句型的主謂一致當(dāng)There be后面的名詞是兩個或兩個以上時， There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動詞要遵循"就近一致” 原

27、則，即和緊隨其后的名詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。There is a pen and two books on the desk.【考點(diǎn)二】 There be 句型的反意疑問句There are some trees in your school, aren ' t there?【考點(diǎn)三】there be句型的非謂語There no bus, we had to walk home. No one would have dreamt of there such a fine place.I don ' t want there any misunderstanding. There

28、 a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.六.祈使句用于表達(dá)命令、請求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句因?qū)ο螅粗髡Z）是 第二人稱，祈使句的動詞都為一般現(xiàn)在時。1.1）祈使句+and+陳述句=If.,+主句；2）祈使句+or+陳述句=If.not.,+主句，主句通常用一般將 來時。 Work hard,you will pass the exam.2 .祈使句的否定和強(qiáng)調(diào)：Don't be so sure . Never come late. Do come on time thisevening .3 .帶主語的

29、祈使句：Tom , you water the flowers ! Be quiet , everybody !Don't you forget to post the letter for me七.感嘆句 What (a/an ) +形容詞+名詞+ 主語+謂語(2) How +形容詞+a/an +單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語(3) How +形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語What a clever boy he is !What beautiful flowers they are !What fine weather it is !How beautiful these flowers are

30、!高考贈送以下資料考試知識點(diǎn)技巧大全一、考試中途應(yīng)飲葡萄糖水大腦是記憶的場所，腦中有數(shù)億個神經(jīng)細(xì)胞在不停地進(jìn)行著繁重的活動，大腦細(xì)胞活動需要大量能量?？茖W(xué)研究證實(shí)，雖然大腦的重量只占 人體重量的2%-3%,但大腦消耗的能量卻占食物所產(chǎn)生的總能量的 20%,它的能量來源靠葡萄糖氧化過程產(chǎn)生。據(jù)醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)記載，一個健康的青少年學(xué)生30分鐘用腦，血糖濃度在120 毫克/100毫升，大腦反應(yīng)快，記憶力強(qiáng)；90分鐘用腦，血糖濃度降至80 毫克/100毫升，大腦功能尚正常；連2120分鐘用腦，血糖濃度降至 60毫克/100毫升，大腦反應(yīng)遲鈍，思維能力較差。我們中考、高考每一科考試時間都在2小時或2小時以上且

31、用腦強(qiáng)度 大，這樣可引起低血糖并造成大腦疲勞，從而影響大腦的正常發(fā)揮， 對考試成績產(chǎn)生重大影響。因此建議考生，在用腦 60分鐘時，開始 補(bǔ)飲25%濃度的葡萄糖水100毫升左右，為一個高效果的考試 加油二、考場記憶“短路”怎么辦呢？對于考生來說，掌握有效的應(yīng)試技巧比再做題突擊更為有效。1 .草稿紙也要逐題順序?qū)懖莞逡麧?，草稿紙使用要便于檢查。不要 在一大張紙上亂寫亂畫，東寫一些，西寫一些。打草稿也要像解題一 樣，一題一題順著序號往下寫。最好在草稿紙題號前注上符號，以確 定檢查側(cè)重點(diǎn)。為了便于做完試卷后的復(fù)查，草稿紙一般可以折成4-8塊的小方格， 標(biāo)注題號以便核查，保留清晰的分析和計算過程。2 .答題要按 先易后難 順序不要考慮考試難度與結(jié)果，可以先用 5分 鐘熟悉試卷，合理安排考試進(jìn)度，先易后難，先熟后生，排除干擾?？荚囍泻芸赡苡龅揭恍]有見過或復(fù)習(xí)過的難題，不要 蒙了。一般中考試卷的題型難度分布基本上是從易到難排列的，或者交替排列。3 .遇到容易試題不能浮躁遇到容