七年級名詞,冠詞,人稱代詞,形容詞,副詞

1、詞類：名詞/冠詞/形容詞/副詞/數(shù)詞/代詞/介詞/動詞1. 人稱代詞 形容詞性 名詞性格 主格 賓格物主代詞 物主代詞 反身代詞第一人稱(單) I me my mine myself第一人稱(復(fù)) we us our ours ourselves第二人稱(單) youyou your yours yourself第二人稱(復(fù)) you you your yours yourselves第三人稱(單”他”) he him his his himself(單”她”)she her her hers herself(單“它”)it it its its itself (復(fù)“他們”)they them

2、 their theirs themselves注意：A:形容詞性物主代詞在句中作定語. B:形容詞性物主代詞前后均不可接定冠詞the。名詞性物主代詞： mine   ours   yours  hers   his  its  theirs注意：A:名詞性物主代詞在句中可以作主語/表語/賓語.B:它還可以構(gòu)成a(an/this/that/some/no)+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞句型.For example:Our school is big , and theirs is small. 作

3、主語Whose radio is this ? Its hers.      作表語You need not clean my room because my room is clean.Please clean yours.作賓語He is a very good friend of mine.作of短語的定語人稱代詞并列用法的排列順序：1)     單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時，其順序為： 第二人稱 > 第三人稱 > 第一人稱eg：you and I;   he/she/i

4、t and I;  you, he/she/it and I2)     復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語時，其順序為： 第一人稱 >第二人稱 > 第三人稱eg: we and you;   you and they;    we you and theyexercise:1. These are _ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _( she ) sister.3. Lily is _ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _ ( me )

5、cousin, Mary.5. Now _(her parent) are in America.6. Those _ ( child ) are _ ( I ) fathers students.7. Do you know _ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _ ( be ) friends.9. Thanks for helping _( I ). 10. _(Ann安)mother is _(we) teacher11. _will be sent there by air. A.  you,she and I  B. I, sh

6、e and you   C.  she,you and i  D.I, you and she12. . Can you help_(I)?13.-Is that coat _(you) ?- Yes , its _(I) .14.-_ is my mother , this is _ bag.(she) .15.-This is not _book (I ) , this is Jims . Look ! _(she) name is on it. 16.-Dont call _(he) this morning.17-Those apples are

7、 _(my ). _(you) oranges are there.18.-Please call _(I ) at 568-6202.19.-_(I ) classmates ask _( I ) to help _(they) with _(they) English.20.- This is _(Tom) friend. _(she) name is Lily.21.-The boy is Nick , but _(he) doesnt like _(he ) class.22.This is _(Tom and Amy ) house.2.形容詞和副詞的比較級一比較級：(1) 一般在形

8、容詞或副詞后+er older  taller  longer  stronger  greater  etc(2) 多音節(jié)詞前+more more interesting  more important  etc.(3) 雙寫最后一個輔音字母er1. fatfatterfattest 2. thinthinnerthinnest 3. hothotterhottest4. redredderreddest 5. wetwetterwettest 6. bigbiggerbiggest(4) 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為iere

9、asyeasiereasiest happyhappierhappiest再如：early , busy , heavy , dirty , lazy .注意：最高級則是把比較級 er 改為est，形容詞最高級前加the，副詞最高級前可加可不加工廠the.(5) 不規(guī)則變化：good     better    best bad(ill)      worse     worstold  

10、0;   older     oldest many(much)  more      mostold      elder    oldest little        less      leastfar     

11、        farther        farthestfar             further        furthest二 比較級的用法1表示兩者進行比較時用比較級，結(jié)構(gòu)：A+比較級+than+B例如：Lilys room is bigger tha

12、n mine. Tom is more careful than his elder brother. Knowledge is more important than money.2有表示程度的副詞a little,a bit,a lot,much,even,a few,still,far,rather,any等修飾時用比較級如：It is much colder today than yesterdayWhat bad weather！ Yes.The radio says it will be even_later on.A.bad B.badly C.worse D.worst3表示兩

13、者之間進行選擇“哪一個更”時，用句型“which/who is+比較級，AorB?”表示。如：Who is taller,LiMing or Wang Tao.4表示“兩者之間比較的一個（of the two）”時，用“the+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：John is the taller boy of the two boys.5表示“越就越”時，用“the+比較級，the+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The more you study，the more you know。 The busier the old man is，the happier he feels。6表示“越來越”,用“比較級+and+比

14、較級”，當(dāng)形容詞為多音節(jié)詞或部分雙音節(jié)詞時，用“more and more+形容詞原級”。如：Its getting warmer and warmer in spring.Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.三 最高級的用法1表示三者或三者以上的人或事物進行比較時，用最高級形式，最高級前多用the.基本形式：A.+the 最高級+(名詞)+表示范圍的短語或從句（of/in/among）如：She is the eldest among the sisters.He is the tallest in his class,/of th

15、ree/among them.Zhang Hua is the tallest of all the students.2形容詞最高級前可以加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾最”.如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.3表示在三者或三者以上的人或事物中進行選擇時，用“which/who is+the+最高級，A,BorC？”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Which city is the most beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou?4表示“最的之一”時，用“one of the+最高級”結(jié)構(gòu)該形容詞后面的名詞要用復(fù)

16、數(shù)形式。如：Zhoujielun is one of the most popular singers.5當(dāng)形容詞前有物主代詞，指示代詞，名詞所有格等修飾時，不能再用定冠詞the。如:This is our best lesson today.注意：1表示“最高級”的形容詞，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，沒有最高級，也不能用比較級。2有時候最高級前不要the.此時句中往往沒有比較的范圍限制，most相當(dāng)于very.This is a most (very) interesting book. (這是一本非常有趣的書。)This is one of the most i

17、nteresting books that I have ever read.(這是我讀過的最有趣的書之一。)3使用形容詞最高級時，比較的一方屬于比較范圍之中的一分子.Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.(錯誤)Mary is the tallest of all her sisters in her family.(正確)練習(xí)：1. The more you learn,the_it will be for you to get a job.(宣武一模)A.easy B.easier C.more easily D. easiest2.Wangfuj

18、ing street is one of_ street in Beijing.Lett go there for a shopping trip.(昌平一模)A.busy B.busier C.busiest D.the busiest3.The more you read,_you will get.A.the less B.the most C.the more D.much more4.My father told me a story last night. It is_one Ive ever heard.A.the funniest B.funniest C.funnier D.

19、the funnier5.Jim jumped much_than John. Yes.He got the first in the sports meetA.high B.higher C.highest D.the highest6.Beijing is one of_cities in the world.A. the biggest B.bigger C.much bigger D.big7.The air in mountain areas is_than that in big cities. A.fresh B.fresher C.freshest D.the freshest

20、8.My mother ususlly gets up so 30 minutes_than me every day.A.early B.earlier C.earliest D.the earliest9.How do you like English,Mary? I think its a little_than math.A.easy B.easier C.easiest D.the easiest10._This camera is really cheap._The_,the better. Im short of money,you see.A.cheap B. cheaper

21、C.expensive D.more expensive11.Li Ming has the key to our class,and he often comes to school_.A.ealy B.earliest C.much earlier D.earlier12.Who is_,Tom,Peter or John?A.the tallest B.tallest C.taller D.tall13.summer is coming. The weather gets_.A.cold and cold B.colder and colder C.hotter and hotter D

22、.hot and hot14.Which coat is_,the blue one or the brown one?A.cheap B.cheaper C.cheapest D.the cheapest15.Mount Qomolangma is_mountain in the world.A.high B.higher C.much higher D.the highest16.Im not only growing older and taller, but also_than before.A.clever B.cleverer C.cleverest D.the clecerest

23、17.I think the music channel is_of all.I like it so much.A.good B.better C.best D.the best18._Have you seen the movie Avatar? _Yes,twice.Its_one Ive seen.A.interesting B.more interetsting C.most interesting D.the most interesting19.Bills math is much_than any other students in his class.A.good B.bet

24、ter C.best D.the best20.Which is_,singing,dancing or watching TV?A.relaxing B.more relaxing C.most relaxing D.the most relaxing21.Who sings_,Lily or Jane?A.well B.better C.best D.the best22.The price of this computer is_of the three.A.high B.higher C.highest D.the highest23.Computers are very popula

25、r now. They are_than before.A.cheap B.cheaper C.cheapest D.the cheapest24.The world is becoming smaller and smaller because the internet gets us_.A.less B.more C.closer D.farther25Which shirt is_,the red one or the yellow one? The yellow one,of course.Its only 20 dollars.A.cheap B.cheaper C.cheapest

26、 D.the cheapest26.Tiananmen Square is one of_squares in the world.A.large B.larger C.largest D.the largest27.The boy is getting_.A.taller and taller B.more and more tall C.tall and taller D.more taller and taller28.Remember, boys and girls._you work,_result you will get.we know,miss Gao.A. the bette

27、r; the harder B.the harder;the betterC.the hard;the better D.the harder;the good29.children there are in a family,_their life will be.A.the less;the better B.the fewer;the betterC.fewer;richer D.more;poorer30.Peter jumps_than any other boy in our school. Im sure he wil be the winner in the high jump

28、.A.higher B.longer C.faster D.farther3.名詞：A:可數(shù)名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的七種規(guī)則    直接+s      eg: book-books,   apple-apples  單詞以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾，+eseg: bench-benches dish-dishes box-boxes bus-buses單詞以f、fe結(jié)尾，去f、fe, 再+ves  eg: knife-knives   leaf-leavesA

29、:單詞中以短元音+y，+s eg: boy-boys    key-keys   play-plays   toy-toysB: 無短元音+y     去y, 再+ies  eg: baby-babies    family-families單詞結(jié)尾是o的單詞，分二類變復(fù)數(shù)。eg: photo, radio, piano, zoo,kilo,two,studios,bamboo+seg: tomato, potato, hero, Negro +

30、es 黑人英雄吃西紅柿和土豆單詞的單復(fù)數(shù)同行 eg: Chinese, people, sheep, fish, deer, fruit單數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化  man men        woman women    foot feet      tooth teeth goose geese      roof roofs  ox oxen 

31、60;     mouse mice     child childrenB:集合名詞當(dāng)作整體看待及強調(diào)特征性質(zhì)時,謂語用單數(shù);表示具體成員在作具體動作時,謂語用復(fù)數(shù).family/team/group/party/class/school /government/company/people(指民族)For example:Their family is richer than our.   Their family were watching TV. C:不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞分為：

32、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞：用來指無法分為個體的物質(zhì)，材料的名詞如：water, wind,glass,steel抽象名詞：用來指人或事物的品質(zhì)，情感，狀態(tài)或動作等抽象概念的名詞如：honesty love silence life不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式，它的前面不能用不定冠詞a / an ，若要表示它的個體意義時，必須與一個名詞短語連用，相當(dāng)于中文里的【一 +（量詞）+ 名詞】，其中的量詞意義依與具體的名詞搭配而定。For example： a piece of bread/cake(蛋糕), paper(紙), thread(線), cloth(布), furniture

33、(家具), coal(煤), news(新聞), advice(意見), information(信息), work(工作), meat(肉) : 一塊面包 一塊蛋糕、一張紙、一根線、 an item of information 一則情報 a burst of applause 一陣掌聲 a fit of anger 一頓脾氣 a slip of paper 一張紙條 a length of cloth 一段布料 a cake of soap 一塊肥皂 a tube of tooth-paste 一條牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水七年級名詞 專項練習(xí)(一) 將列各詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形

34、式 (10分, 10分鐘)1. Monday 2. key _3. Chinese 4. zoo _5. policeman 6. watch 7. Frenchman 8. wife 9. boy _10. tomato (二) 在B欄中找出與A欄中意思相近的詞或解釋, 并把字母標號填入括號內(nèi). (10分, 10分鐘)AB 1. Sundaya. a piece of work 2. hospitalb. father's brother 3. springc. the gases (氣體) around (在.周圍) the earth 4. aird. something inv

35、ented 5. ideae. a place for sick (有病的) person 6. holidayf. mother's sister 7. jobg. a thought in mind 8. inventionh. a time of rest from work 9. unclei. the day before Monday 10. auntj. time between winter and summer(三) 將下列詞組譯成英語 (10分, 10分鐘)1. 教師辦公室 2. 昨天的報紙 3. 步行半小時的路程 4. 她的一位朋友 5. 一個五歲的女孩 6. 學(xué)

36、生閱覽室 7. 五瓶桔汁 8. 三盤魚(肉) 9. 少先隊員 10. 美利堅合眾國 (四) 請完成下列句子 (15分, 15分鐘).1. There is (一幅中國地圖) on the back wall. It's above the table.2. Beijing is (中國的首都).3. Today is (瑪麗的生日).4. Have you read (今天的報紙)?5. (步行20分鐘的路程) is not so far.6. Have you ever been to (長城) this year?7. My father bought (一雙鞋) for me t

37、wo days ago.8. We all went to the Summer Palace except (小明的奶奶) yesterday morning.9. Look! There are (四十五瓶牛奶) in the basket.10. There are six people in their family. Two of them are (男大夫).(五) 將下列句子變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式 (15分, 15分鐘)1. My uncle has caught a fish. 2. This teacher is a Party member. 3. That knife if mad

38、e of steel (鋼). 4. My brother is a PLA man. 5. The child is singing happily in the room. 6. It is not a watch. 7. She doesn't work on Sunday. 8. Is that a pencil-box? 9. Is this a new play (戲劇)? 10. The desk is made of wood. (六) 用正確的詞或短語填空 (10分, 10分鐘)1. Many (sheeps, sheep) are eating grass at t

39、he foot of the hill now.2. No news _ (is, are) good news. 3. Chinese _ (is, are) not so difficult to learn.4. I'd like to have a cup of tea and (two breads, two pieces of bread).5. These (radios, radioes) were made by the students themselves last term.6. There is (little, a little) time left. Le

40、t's hurry up.7. I haven't much (homeworks, homework) to do this evening.8. There is (a few, a little) milk in the glass.9. As soon as we saw her face, we knew the news (was, were) bad.10. Please give me (two papers, two pieces of paper) to write on.(七) 找出下列句中的錯誤并改正 (10分, 10分鐘)1. Do you have

41、a lot of works to do tonight? _2. There is plenty of rooms for improvement (改進的余地) in this work.3. When we want to have our hairs cut, we go to the barber's (理發(fā)店)._4. She stays at her sister for the time being (暫時). _5. There are a lot of good news. _6. After two year's of hard work, he was

42、able to read and write in English. _7. He is one of my best friend._8. Mathematics are not easy to learn._9. Have you read those beautiful poems of Guo Moros (郭沫若那些美麗的詩篇)?_10. The police is worried about the girl's safety (安全)._(八) 將下列句子譯成英語 (20分, 20分鐘)1. 我弟弟有一米高。 2. 我們班有二十四個男生, 二十五個女生。3. 請遞給我三盒

43、火柴。 4. 我的眼鏡是新的。 5. 一年有多少個月？  4.冠詞:A:不定冠詞a, an均表示“一個”的意思，但要注意，an 只用在第一個音標是元音音標的單詞前面。B:定冠詞the 是一種特殊的冠詞，共有七種情況會用到或需特別記憶。 用在樂器（musical instrument）的前面。 Eg: play the violin（小提琴）play the piano（鋼琴）世界上唯一的一件事物。 Eg: The sun rises in the sky. (太陽升起來了)世界上最 (大，小，美，丑)的事物 (形容詞的最高級，副詞最高級可加可不加)eg: Whats the

44、 biggest bird in the world? 世界上最大的鳥是什么？    常用的短語。（指代物為共知事物） eg: open the door   close the window    在上下文中第二次提到的事物。Eg: There is a tiger walking in the forest. The tiger wants to find food.    表示序數(shù)詞的第幾 eg: The first person “I and we” (第一人稱是“我和我們”)

45、    在元音開頭的字母前，讀音發(fā)生改變。ð:     ði: eg:  the egg， the orangeC:不加定冠詞:（1）球類,棋類前不加定冠詞 eg: play basketball/football/chess（2）季節(jié),月份,星期,節(jié)目,三餐和表示抽象的morning/evening前不加冠詞eg: she cried sadly that day in the morning.冠詞練習(xí)：1.She is _girl . She is _English girl .2.I am

46、 looking at _ sun .3.There is _”S” and _” t” in the word “sit” .4.She can play _ piano ,but she cant play _ football .5.Parents are _first teachers.翻譯： 1.一個蘋果_ 2.一個綠色的蘋果_3.一輛吉普車_ 4.一輛舊吉普車_5一本有用的書_ 6.太陽_-7.東方_ 8.右邊_9.彈鋼琴_ 10.最高的男孩_11.長城_ 12.學(xué)習(xí)第一單元_ 一動詞be（is,am,are）的用法我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟著他(he)，她(s

47、he)，它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定，更容易，be后not加上去。變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。還有一條須注意，句首大寫莫忘記。 二this，that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代詞，it是人稱代詞。(2)距離說話人近的人或物用this, 距離說話人遠的人或物用that。如：This is a flower. 這是一朵花。(近處) That is a tree. 那是一棵樹。(遠處)(3)放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西，先說this, 后說that。如：This is a pen. That is a pencil. 這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。(4)向別

48、人介紹某人時說This is, 不說That is。如：This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 這是海倫，海倫，這是湯姆。(5)This is 不能縮寫, 而That is可以縮寫。如：This is a bike. Thats a car. 這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。(6)打電話時，介紹自己用this, 詢問對方用that。如：Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐嗎？Yes, this is. Whos that? 是的，我是，你是誰？注意：雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”，但英語中打電話時絕不可以說：I am, Are you？

49、/Who are you?(7)在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時, 要用it代替this或that。如：Is this a notebook? 這是筆記本嗎？ Yes, it is. 是的，它是。Whats that? 那是什么？ Its a kite. 是只風(fēng)箏。 三these和those用法this, that, these和those是指示代詞，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時間、距離較遠或前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。This is my bed. That is Lilys bed. 這是我的床

50、。那是莉莉的床。These pictures are good. 那些畫很好。 Are those apple trees? 那些是蘋果樹嗎？在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時，通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。如：Are these/those your apples? 這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎？ Yes, they are. 是的，他們是。四名詞s所有格 名詞s所有格1、 單數(shù)名詞后直接加 “ s ”Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的媽媽 2、以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加“”Teachers Day教師節(jié) t

51、he twins books雙胞胎的書 3、不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù)，加“ s ”Childrens Day 兒童節(jié) mens shoes男式鞋 4、表示兩者共同擁有時，只在最后一個名詞后加s表示兩者各自擁有時，要在每個名詞后加sLucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽，一個媽媽)Lucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凱特的房間（各自的房間，兩間房子） 五There be句型(1)There be句型主要用以表達“某處（某時）有某人（某物）。”其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be某物（某人）某地（某時）”其中there是引

52、導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義；主語是be后面的名詞， be是謂語動詞，在一般現(xiàn)在時中be只用is和are兩種形式。下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記there     be句型結(jié)構(gòu)：There be放句首，主語跟在后。地、時放句末，強調(diào)置前頭。如：There is a book on the desk.有時為了強調(diào)地點，也可把介詞短語放在句首。如：On the desk there is a book.(2)There be句型中的be動詞如何確定呢？請先看看下面這首歌訣：Be動詞，有三個，am，is還有are。“There be”真特別，不留am只留倆，那就是is還有are。要

53、用is還是are，須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is，否則就用are。如：There is a tree behind the house. There is some water（水）in the bottle（瓶子）.There are some pears in the box.(3)注意：如果“be”后的主語是由and連接的兩個或兩個以上的名詞，那么be的形式要遵循“遠親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說，“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個名詞來確定的（就近原則）。若那個名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is，是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如：There is a book and some

54、pens on the floor. There are some pens and a book on the floor.There be 句型演練習(xí)I. 將下列句子變成否定句和一般疑問句。1.There is some water in the bottle. 2.There are many apples in the box.II. 對句子劃線部分提問。3.There are seven days in a week. 4.There are lots of books in our library.5.There is a knife over there. 6.There is a little milk in the glass.7.There are twenty-six students in my class. 單項填空。(   )8.There_ not